See kreupaną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kreupan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kreupan\nOld English: crēopan\nMiddle English: crepen\nScots: crepe, creip\nEnglish: creep\nOld Frisian: krūpa, kriāpa, kriēpa, krēpa\nOld East Frisian: crjippa\nSaterland Frisian: kjoope\nWest Frisian: krippe, krûpe\nOld Saxon: kriopan\nMiddle Low German: krēpen, krūpen\nLow German: krepen, krupen\nOld Dutch: *crūpan\nMiddle Dutch: crupen\nDutch: kruipen\nAfrikaans: kruip\nNegerhollands: krup, kryb\nLimburgish: kroepe\nOld High German: kriofan, *krūfan\nMiddle High German: kriefen, krūfen\nGerman: kraufen, krüpfen\nAlemannic German: chrüpfen\nCentral Franconian: kruffe",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kreupan\nOld English: crēopan\nMiddle English: crepen\nScots: crepe, creip\nEnglish: creep\nOld Frisian: krūpa, kriāpa, kriēpa, krēpa\nOld East Frisian: crjippa\nSaterland Frisian: kjoope\nWest Frisian: krippe, krûpe\nOld Saxon: kriopan\nMiddle Low German: krēpen, krūpen\nLow German: krepen, krupen\nOld Dutch: *crūpan\nMiddle Dutch: crupen\nDutch: kruipen\nAfrikaans: kruip\nNegerhollands: krup, kryb\nLimburgish: kroepe\nOld High German: kriofan, *krūfan\nMiddle High German: kriefen, krūfen\nGerman: kraufen, krüpfen\nAlemannic German: chrüpfen\nCentral Franconian: kruffe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "krjúpa"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: krjúpa\nIcelandic: krjúpa\nFaroese: krúpa\nNorwegian:\nNorwegian Bokmål: krype\nNorwegian Nynorsk: krype, krypa\nOld Swedish: krȳpa\nSwedish: krypa\nOld Danish: krȳpæ\nDanish: krybe\nElfdalian: kriuopa\nGutnish: kräupe\nScanian: krýba\n→ Scottish Gaelic: crùb",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: krjúpa\nIcelandic: krjúpa\nFaroese: krúpa\nNorwegian:\nNorwegian Bokmål: krype\nNorwegian Nynorsk: krype, krypa\nOld Swedish: krȳpa\nSwedish: krypa\nOld Danish: krȳpæ\nDanish: krybe\nElfdalian: kriuopa\nGutnish: kräupe\nScanian: krýba\n→ Scottish Gaelic: crùb"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "af",
"3": "ine-pro>*grewbʰ->?",
"4": "ine-pro>*-yéti>intransitive verbs",
"id": "creep"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*grewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *grewbʰ-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to Kroonen, the derivations containing -p(p)- and -b(b)- show that the root was originally Pre-Germanic *kreupp-, from Proto-Indo-European *grewbʰ-, rather than the traditionally given *grewb-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-conj-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupaų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kriupizi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupaiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kreup",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupazai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupaizau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kriupidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupadau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupadai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupaidau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupaiw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"passive",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupadiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupaidiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupadiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"passive",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupaim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupandai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupaindau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kriupid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupaid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kriupid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupandai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupaindau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupandi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupandau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupandai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupaindau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kraup",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krupį̄",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "krauft",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krupīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kraup",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krupī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krupū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "krupīw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "krupudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krupīdiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "krupum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krupīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "krupud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krupīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "krupun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krupīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupandz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "krupanaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kreup",
"2": "kraup",
"3": "krup",
"4": "krup",
"class": "2"
},
"name": "gem-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kreupaną",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to twist, to creep"
],
"id": "en-kreupaną-gem-pro-verb-6mvjqUVO",
"links": [
[
"twist",
"twist"
],
[
"creep",
"creep"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "krupilaz"
},
{
"word": "kruppilaz"
},
{
"word": "kruppijaną"
},
{
"word": "kruppōną"
},
{
"word": "krubbōną"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkreu̯.pɑ.nɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "kreupaną"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kreupan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kreupan\nOld English: crēopan\nMiddle English: crepen\nScots: crepe, creip\nEnglish: creep\nOld Frisian: krūpa, kriāpa, kriēpa, krēpa\nOld East Frisian: crjippa\nSaterland Frisian: kjoope\nWest Frisian: krippe, krûpe\nOld Saxon: kriopan\nMiddle Low German: krēpen, krūpen\nLow German: krepen, krupen\nOld Dutch: *crūpan\nMiddle Dutch: crupen\nDutch: kruipen\nAfrikaans: kruip\nNegerhollands: krup, kryb\nLimburgish: kroepe\nOld High German: kriofan, *krūfan\nMiddle High German: kriefen, krūfen\nGerman: kraufen, krüpfen\nAlemannic German: chrüpfen\nCentral Franconian: kruffe",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kreupan\nOld English: crēopan\nMiddle English: crepen\nScots: crepe, creip\nEnglish: creep\nOld Frisian: krūpa, kriāpa, kriēpa, krēpa\nOld East Frisian: crjippa\nSaterland Frisian: kjoope\nWest Frisian: krippe, krûpe\nOld Saxon: kriopan\nMiddle Low German: krēpen, krūpen\nLow German: krepen, krupen\nOld Dutch: *crūpan\nMiddle Dutch: crupen\nDutch: kruipen\nAfrikaans: kruip\nNegerhollands: krup, kryb\nLimburgish: kroepe\nOld High German: kriofan, *krūfan\nMiddle High German: kriefen, krūfen\nGerman: kraufen, krüpfen\nAlemannic German: chrüpfen\nCentral Franconian: kruffe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "krjúpa"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: krjúpa\nIcelandic: krjúpa\nFaroese: krúpa\nNorwegian:\nNorwegian Bokmål: krype\nNorwegian Nynorsk: krype, krypa\nOld Swedish: krȳpa\nSwedish: krypa\nOld Danish: krȳpæ\nDanish: krybe\nElfdalian: kriuopa\nGutnish: kräupe\nScanian: krýba\n→ Scottish Gaelic: crùb",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: krjúpa\nIcelandic: krjúpa\nFaroese: krúpa\nNorwegian:\nNorwegian Bokmål: krype\nNorwegian Nynorsk: krype, krypa\nOld Swedish: krȳpa\nSwedish: krypa\nOld Danish: krȳpæ\nDanish: krybe\nElfdalian: kriuopa\nGutnish: kräupe\nScanian: krýba\n→ Scottish Gaelic: crùb"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "af",
"3": "ine-pro>*grewbʰ->?",
"4": "ine-pro>*-yéti>intransitive verbs",
"id": "creep"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*grewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *grewbʰ-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to Kroonen, the derivations containing -p(p)- and -b(b)- show that the root was originally Pre-Germanic *kreupp-, from Proto-Indo-European *grewbʰ-, rather than the traditionally given *grewb-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-conj-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupaų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kriupizi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupaiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kreup",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupazai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupaizau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kriupidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupadau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupadai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupaidau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupaiw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"passive",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupadiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupaidiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupadiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"passive",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupaim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupandai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupaindau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kriupid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupaid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kriupid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupandai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupaindau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupandi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupandau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupandai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupaindau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kraup",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krupį̄",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "krauft",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krupīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kraup",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krupī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krupū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "krupīw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "krupudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krupīdiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "krupum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krupīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "krupud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krupīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "krupun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krupīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupandz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "krupanaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kreup",
"2": "kraup",
"3": "krup",
"4": "krup",
"class": "2"
},
"name": "gem-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kreupaną",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "krupilaz"
},
{
"word": "kruppilaz"
},
{
"word": "kruppijaną"
},
{
"word": "kruppōną"
},
{
"word": "krubbōną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Proto-Germanic class 2 strong verbs",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to twist, to creep"
],
"links": [
[
"twist",
"twist"
],
[
"creep",
"creep"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkreu̯.pɑ.nɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "kreupaną"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kreupaną meaning in Proto-Germanic (9.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.