See krabitaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*krabit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *krabit\nOld Saxon: krevit\nMiddle Low German: krēvet\nGerman Low German: Kreeft, Krefft\nPlautdietsch: Kjräft\n→ Danish: kræft\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: kreft\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kreft\n→ Old Swedish: krævet, kræveta\nSwedish: kräfta\nOld Dutch: *crevet\nMiddle Dutch: creft, crēvet, crēeft\nDutch: kreeft\nAfrikaans: kreef\nNegerhollands: kreeft, greef\n→ Papiamentu: kref, kreeft\nLimburgish: kreef\n→ Norman: crabette, cravette, crevette (possibly)\n→ French: crevette\nOld High German: krebiz, krebazzo\nOld High German: crebiz, krëbez, krebz\nAlemannic German: Chräps\nGerman: Krebs\n→ Danish: krebs\n→ German Low German: Krebs\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: kreps\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kreps\n→ Saterland Frisian: Krääps\n→ Scanian: krævs\n→ Yiddish: קרעבס (krebs)\nLuxembourgish: Kriibs\n→ Old French: crevice, crevez, crevis, crevesce, creveche, creveis, escrevise, escreveice, escreviche (either from a diminutive *krabitjō or from Old High German krebiz)\nMiddle French: escrevice, escrevisse, escrevisce, crevis, creviche, crevice\nFrench: écrevisse\n→ Middle Dutch: crevetse\n→ Middle English: crevis, crevyse, creuez, crevez, crevise, creveys, crevesse, krevys\nEnglish: crevis; crayfish, crawfish (influenced by fish)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *krabit\nOld Saxon: krevit\nMiddle Low German: krēvet\nGerman Low German: Kreeft, Krefft\nPlautdietsch: Kjräft\n→ Danish: kræft\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: kreft\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kreft\n→ Old Swedish: krævet, kræveta\nSwedish: kräfta\nOld Dutch: *crevet\nMiddle Dutch: creft, crēvet, crēeft\nDutch: kreeft\nAfrikaans: kreef\nNegerhollands: kreeft, greef\n→ Papiamentu: kref, kreeft\nLimburgish: kreef\n→ Norman: crabette, cravette, crevette (possibly)\n→ French: crevette\nOld High German: krebiz, krebazzo\nOld High German: crebiz, krëbez, krebz\nAlemannic German: Chräps\nGerman: Krebs\n→ Danish: krebs\n→ German Low German: Krebs\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: kreps\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kreps\n→ Saterland Frisian: Krääps\n→ Scanian: krævs\n→ Yiddish: קרעבס (krebs)\nLuxembourgish: Kriibs\n→ Old French: crevice, crevez, crevis, crevesce, creveche, creveis, escrevise, escreveice, escreviche (either from a diminutive *krabitjō or from Old High German krebiz)\nMiddle French: escrevice, escrevisse, escrevisce, crevis, creviche, crevice\nFrench: écrevisse\n→ Middle Dutch: crevetse\n→ Middle English: crevis, crevyse, creuez, crevez, crevise, creveys, crevesse, krevys\nEnglish: crevis; crayfish, crawfish (influenced by fish)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κᾱ́ρᾰβος",
"t": "beetle, crustacean"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κᾱ́ρᾰβος (kā́răbos, “beetle, crustacean”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*humaraz",
"t": "lobster"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *humaraz (“lobster”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally considered a relative of *krabbô (“crab”) and thus derived from Pre-Germanic *grobʰidos, from the zero-grade form of *gerbʰ- (“to carve, scratch”) + *-itaz, *-utaz (animal suffix) (compare *hurznutō (“hornet”), *herutaz (“deer”), *ganutô (“gander”)). However, Kroonen notes that, in addition to the above theory, significant influence or even outright borrowing from the same substrate continuum whence Ancient Greek κᾱ́ρᾰβος (kā́răbos, “beetle, crustacean”) and Proto-Germanic *humaraz (“lobster”) is possible.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "krabitaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krabitōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krabitōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krabit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krabitōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krabitōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krabitą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krabitanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krabitas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krabitis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krabitǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krabitai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krabitamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krabitō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krabitamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krabitaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Proto-Germanic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "krabitjō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A crustacean (crab, lobster, crayfish)."
],
"id": "en-krabitaz-gem-pro-noun-a~E-XWba",
"links": [
[
"crustacean",
"crustacean"
],
[
"crab",
"crab"
],
[
"lobster",
"lobster"
],
[
"crayfish",
"crayfish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Germanic) A crustacean (crab, lobster, crayfish)."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "krabbô"
}
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɑ.βi.tɑz/"
}
],
"word": "krabitaz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "krabitjō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*krabit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *krabit\nOld Saxon: krevit\nMiddle Low German: krēvet\nGerman Low German: Kreeft, Krefft\nPlautdietsch: Kjräft\n→ Danish: kræft\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: kreft\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kreft\n→ Old Swedish: krævet, kræveta\nSwedish: kräfta\nOld Dutch: *crevet\nMiddle Dutch: creft, crēvet, crēeft\nDutch: kreeft\nAfrikaans: kreef\nNegerhollands: kreeft, greef\n→ Papiamentu: kref, kreeft\nLimburgish: kreef\n→ Norman: crabette, cravette, crevette (possibly)\n→ French: crevette\nOld High German: krebiz, krebazzo\nOld High German: crebiz, krëbez, krebz\nAlemannic German: Chräps\nGerman: Krebs\n→ Danish: krebs\n→ German Low German: Krebs\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: kreps\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kreps\n→ Saterland Frisian: Krääps\n→ Scanian: krævs\n→ Yiddish: קרעבס (krebs)\nLuxembourgish: Kriibs\n→ Old French: crevice, crevez, crevis, crevesce, creveche, creveis, escrevise, escreveice, escreviche (either from a diminutive *krabitjō or from Old High German krebiz)\nMiddle French: escrevice, escrevisse, escrevisce, crevis, creviche, crevice\nFrench: écrevisse\n→ Middle Dutch: crevetse\n→ Middle English: crevis, crevyse, creuez, crevez, crevise, creveys, crevesse, krevys\nEnglish: crevis; crayfish, crawfish (influenced by fish)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *krabit\nOld Saxon: krevit\nMiddle Low German: krēvet\nGerman Low German: Kreeft, Krefft\nPlautdietsch: Kjräft\n→ Danish: kræft\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: kreft\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kreft\n→ Old Swedish: krævet, kræveta\nSwedish: kräfta\nOld Dutch: *crevet\nMiddle Dutch: creft, crēvet, crēeft\nDutch: kreeft\nAfrikaans: kreef\nNegerhollands: kreeft, greef\n→ Papiamentu: kref, kreeft\nLimburgish: kreef\n→ Norman: crabette, cravette, crevette (possibly)\n→ French: crevette\nOld High German: krebiz, krebazzo\nOld High German: crebiz, krëbez, krebz\nAlemannic German: Chräps\nGerman: Krebs\n→ Danish: krebs\n→ German Low German: Krebs\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: kreps\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kreps\n→ Saterland Frisian: Krääps\n→ Scanian: krævs\n→ Yiddish: קרעבס (krebs)\nLuxembourgish: Kriibs\n→ Old French: crevice, crevez, crevis, crevesce, creveche, creveis, escrevise, escreveice, escreviche (either from a diminutive *krabitjō or from Old High German krebiz)\nMiddle French: escrevice, escrevisse, escrevisce, crevis, creviche, crevice\nFrench: écrevisse\n→ Middle Dutch: crevetse\n→ Middle English: crevis, crevyse, creuez, crevez, crevise, creveys, crevesse, krevys\nEnglish: crevis; crayfish, crawfish (influenced by fish)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κᾱ́ρᾰβος",
"t": "beetle, crustacean"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κᾱ́ρᾰβος (kā́răbos, “beetle, crustacean”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*humaraz",
"t": "lobster"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *humaraz (“lobster”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally considered a relative of *krabbô (“crab”) and thus derived from Pre-Germanic *grobʰidos, from the zero-grade form of *gerbʰ- (“to carve, scratch”) + *-itaz, *-utaz (animal suffix) (compare *hurznutō (“hornet”), *herutaz (“deer”), *ganutô (“gander”)). However, Kroonen notes that, in addition to the above theory, significant influence or even outright borrowing from the same substrate continuum whence Ancient Greek κᾱ́ρᾰβος (kā́răbos, “beetle, crustacean”) and Proto-Germanic *humaraz (“lobster”) is possible.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "krabitaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krabitōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krabitōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krabit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krabitōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krabitōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krabitą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krabitanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krabitas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krabitis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krabitǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krabitai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krabitamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krabitō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krabitamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krabitaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "krabbô"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms borrowed from substrate languages",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from substrate languages",
"West Proto-Germanic",
"gem-pro:Crustaceans"
],
"glosses": [
"A crustacean (crab, lobster, crayfish)."
],
"links": [
[
"crustacean",
"crustacean"
],
[
"crab",
"crab"
],
[
"lobster",
"lobster"
],
[
"crayfish",
"crayfish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Germanic) A crustacean (crab, lobster, crayfish)."
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɑ.βi.tɑz/"
}
],
"word": "krabitaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for krabitaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.