See krūmô in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*crūma"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *crūma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *crūma; cruma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "crūme",
"3": "crowme"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: crūme, crowme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: crūme, crowme; crume, crome, crumme, cromme"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "crum",
"3": "crumm",
"4": "cromm"
},
"expansion": "Scots: crum, crumm, cromm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: crum, crumm, cromm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "crum",
"3": "crumb"
},
"expansion": "English: crum, crumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: crum, crumb"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*krūma"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *krūma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *krūma; *kruma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Kroume"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Kroume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Kroume"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*krūmo"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *krūmo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *krūmo; *krumo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "*krūme"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: *krūme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: *krūme; krome"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Kraume"
},
"expansion": "Low German: Kraume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: Kraume; Krume, Krome, Kröme, Krom, Kröm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*krūmo"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *krūmo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *krūmo; *krumo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "crume",
"3": "cruum",
"4": "kruyme"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: crume, cruum, kruyme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: crume, cruum, kruyme; crome"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kruim"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: kruim",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: kruim"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*krūmo"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *krūmo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *krūmo; *krumo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "*krūme"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: *krūme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: *krūme (in compounds); krume"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Krume"
},
"expansion": "German: Krume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Krume"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "krúmr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: krúmr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: krúmr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "krumur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: krumur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: krumur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "krumme"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: krumme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: krumme"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kråm"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: kråm",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: kråm (< Middle Low German?); krumma (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "krumme"
},
"expansion": "Danish: krumme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: krumme"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*grūmo-",
"4": "",
"5": "something scraped together, lumber, junk; to claw, scratch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *grūmo- (“something scraped together, lumber, junk; to claw, scratch”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *grūmo- (“something scraped together, lumber, junk; to claw, scratch”), from *ger- (“to turn, bend, twist, wind”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "krūmô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krūmaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krūmô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krūmaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krūmanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krūmanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krūminiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krūmanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krūmini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krūmammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krūminē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krūmammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krūmô",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fragment; crumb"
],
"id": "en-krūmô-gem-pro-noun-LWd2kOwb",
"links": [
[
"fragment",
"fragment"
],
[
"crumb",
"crumb"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "kraumaz"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "krumô"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "krūmô"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*crūma"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *crūma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *crūma; cruma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "crūme",
"3": "crowme"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: crūme, crowme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: crūme, crowme; crume, crome, crumme, cromme"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "crum",
"3": "crumm",
"4": "cromm"
},
"expansion": "Scots: crum, crumm, cromm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: crum, crumm, cromm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "crum",
"3": "crumb"
},
"expansion": "English: crum, crumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: crum, crumb"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*krūma"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *krūma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *krūma; *kruma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Kroume"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Kroume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Kroume"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*krūmo"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *krūmo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *krūmo; *krumo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "*krūme"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: *krūme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: *krūme; krome"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Kraume"
},
"expansion": "Low German: Kraume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: Kraume; Krume, Krome, Kröme, Krom, Kröm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*krūmo"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *krūmo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *krūmo; *krumo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "crume",
"3": "cruum",
"4": "kruyme"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: crume, cruum, kruyme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: crume, cruum, kruyme; crome"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kruim"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: kruim",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: kruim"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*krūmo"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *krūmo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *krūmo; *krumo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "*krūme"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: *krūme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: *krūme (in compounds); krume"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Krume"
},
"expansion": "German: Krume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Krume"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "krúmr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: krúmr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: krúmr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "krumur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: krumur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: krumur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "krumme"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: krumme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: krumme"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kråm"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: kråm",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: kråm (< Middle Low German?); krumma (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "krumme"
},
"expansion": "Danish: krumme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: krumme"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*grūmo-",
"4": "",
"5": "something scraped together, lumber, junk; to claw, scratch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *grūmo- (“something scraped together, lumber, junk; to claw, scratch”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *grūmo- (“something scraped together, lumber, junk; to claw, scratch”), from *ger- (“to turn, bend, twist, wind”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "krūmô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krūmaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krūmô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krūmaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krūmanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krūmanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krūminiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krūmanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krūmini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krūmammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krūminē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krūmammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krūmô",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "kraumaz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Proto-Germanic an-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"fragment; crumb"
],
"links": [
[
"fragment",
"fragment"
],
[
"crumb",
"crumb"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "krumô"
}
],
"word": "krūmô"
}
Download raw JSONL data for krūmô meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.