See krīskaną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gmw-pro", "2": "*krīskan" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *krīskan\nOld Saxon: *krīskan\nMiddle Low German: krîschen, krissen, krisken, kreisen, krêsen\nOld Dutch: *crīscan\nMiddle Dutch: criscen, crischen\nDutch: krijsen\nAfrikaans: krys\nWest Frisian: krieze\n⇒ West Frisian: kryskje\nLimburgish: kriesje, kriese\n→ Old French: crincier\nMiddle French: crincier\nFrench: crincer\n⇒ Old French: recrincier\n⇒ Old French: crinçon\nOld High German: *krīskan\nMiddle High German: krīschen\nGerman: kreischen (weak, probably through merger with the causative < MHG kreischen)\nCentral Franconian: kriesche, kreische\nLuxembourgish: kräischen\nHunsrik: kreische", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *krīskan\nOld Saxon: *krīskan\nMiddle Low German: krîschen, krissen, krisken, kreisen, krêsen\nOld Dutch: *crīscan\nMiddle Dutch: criscen, crischen\nDutch: krijsen\nAfrikaans: krys\nWest Frisian: krieze\n⇒ West Frisian: kryskje\nLimburgish: kriesje, kriese\n→ Old French: crincier\nMiddle French: crincier\nFrench: crincer\n⇒ Old French: recrincier\n⇒ Old French: crinçon\nOld High German: *krīskan\nMiddle High German: krīschen\nGerman: kreischen (weak, probably through merger with the causative < MHG kreischen)\nCentral Franconian: kriesche, kreische\nLuxembourgish: kräischen\nHunsrik: kreische" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*grey-", "t": "to shout" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *grey- (“to shout”)", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *grey- (“to shout”), which appears to be related to *gerh₂- (“to cry hoarsely”); see also *krēaną (“to crow, shout”), *krītaną (“to call out, scream”).", "forms": [ { "form": "strong", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "gem-conj-st", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "1", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "krīskō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "krīskaų", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "imperative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "krīskai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "passive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "passive", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krīskizi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "krīskaiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krīsk", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "krīskazai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "krīskaizau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krīskidi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krīskai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krīskadau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krīskadai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krīskaidau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krīskōz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "indicative" ] }, { "form": "krīskaiw", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "imperative" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "indicative", "passive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "passive", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krīskadiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "indicative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "krīskaidiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krīskadiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "imperative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "indicative", "passive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "passive", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krīskamaz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "krīskaim", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "imperative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "krīskandai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "passive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "krīskaindau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "passive", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krīskid", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "krīskaid", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krīskid", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "krīskandai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "krīskaindau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krīskandi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krīskain", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krīskandau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krīskandai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krīskaindau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "kraisk", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kriskį̄", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "kraist", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kriskīz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "kraisk", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "kriskī", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "kriskū", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "indicative" ] }, { "form": "kriskīw", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "kriskudiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "indicative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "kriskīdiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "kriskum", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kriskīm", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "kriskud", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "kriskīd", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "kriskun", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "kriskīn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krīskandz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "kriskanaz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "participle", "past", "subjunctive" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "West Germanic" }, "expansion": "(West Germanic)", "name": "tlb" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "krīsk", "2": "kraisk", "3": "krisk", "4": "krisk", "class": "1" }, "name": "gem-conj-st" } ], "lang": "Proto-Germanic", "lang_code": "gem-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krīskaną", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "West Proto-Germanic", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "to scream, shout, screech" ], "id": "en-krīskaną-gem-pro-verb-jvfvxKcq", "links": [ [ "scream", "scream" ], [ "shout", "shout" ], [ "screech", "screech" ] ], "related": [ { "word": "krītaną" }, { "word": "krīstaną" } ], "tags": [ "Germanic", "West", "reconstruction" ], "wikipedia": [ "Akademie-Verlag", "Berlin", "Wolfgang Pfeifer (etymologist)" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈkriːskɑnɑ̃/" } ], "word": "krīskaną" }
{ "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gmw-pro", "2": "*krīskan" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *krīskan\nOld Saxon: *krīskan\nMiddle Low German: krîschen, krissen, krisken, kreisen, krêsen\nOld Dutch: *crīscan\nMiddle Dutch: criscen, crischen\nDutch: krijsen\nAfrikaans: krys\nWest Frisian: krieze\n⇒ West Frisian: kryskje\nLimburgish: kriesje, kriese\n→ Old French: crincier\nMiddle French: crincier\nFrench: crincer\n⇒ Old French: recrincier\n⇒ Old French: crinçon\nOld High German: *krīskan\nMiddle High German: krīschen\nGerman: kreischen (weak, probably through merger with the causative < MHG kreischen)\nCentral Franconian: kriesche, kreische\nLuxembourgish: kräischen\nHunsrik: kreische", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *krīskan\nOld Saxon: *krīskan\nMiddle Low German: krîschen, krissen, krisken, kreisen, krêsen\nOld Dutch: *crīscan\nMiddle Dutch: criscen, crischen\nDutch: krijsen\nAfrikaans: krys\nWest Frisian: krieze\n⇒ West Frisian: kryskje\nLimburgish: kriesje, kriese\n→ Old French: crincier\nMiddle French: crincier\nFrench: crincer\n⇒ Old French: recrincier\n⇒ Old French: crinçon\nOld High German: *krīskan\nMiddle High German: krīschen\nGerman: kreischen (weak, probably through merger with the causative < MHG kreischen)\nCentral Franconian: kriesche, kreische\nLuxembourgish: kräischen\nHunsrik: kreische" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*grey-", "t": "to shout" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *grey- (“to shout”)", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *grey- (“to shout”), which appears to be related to *gerh₂- (“to cry hoarsely”); see also *krēaną (“to crow, shout”), *krītaną (“to call out, scream”).", "forms": [ { "form": "strong", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "gem-conj-st", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "1", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "krīskō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "krīskaų", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "imperative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "krīskai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "passive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "passive", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krīskizi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "krīskaiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krīsk", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "krīskazai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "krīskaizau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krīskidi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krīskai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krīskadau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krīskadai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krīskaidau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krīskōz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "indicative" ] }, { "form": "krīskaiw", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "imperative" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "indicative", "passive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "passive", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krīskadiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "indicative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "krīskaidiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krīskadiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "imperative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "indicative", "passive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "passive", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krīskamaz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "krīskaim", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "imperative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "krīskandai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "passive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "krīskaindau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "passive", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krīskid", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "krīskaid", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krīskid", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "krīskandai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "krīskaindau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krīskandi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krīskain", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krīskandau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krīskandai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krīskaindau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "kraisk", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kriskį̄", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "kraist", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "kriskīz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "kraisk", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "kriskī", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "kriskū", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "indicative" ] }, { "form": "kriskīw", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "kriskudiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "indicative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "kriskīdiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "kriskum", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "kriskīm", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "kriskud", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "kriskīd", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "kriskun", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "kriskīn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krīskandz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "kriskanaz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "participle", "past", "subjunctive" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "West Germanic" }, "expansion": "(West Germanic)", "name": "tlb" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "krīsk", "2": "kraisk", "3": "krisk", "4": "krisk", "class": "1" }, "name": "gem-conj-st" } ], "lang": "Proto-Germanic", "lang_code": "gem-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krīskaną", "pos": "verb", "related": [ { "word": "krītaną" }, { "word": "krīstaną" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Proto-Germanic class 1 strong verbs", "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header", "Proto-Germanic lemmas", "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Proto-Germanic verbs", "West Proto-Germanic" ], "glosses": [ "to scream, shout, screech" ], "links": [ [ "scream", "scream" ], [ "shout", "shout" ], [ "screech", "screech" ] ], "tags": [ "Germanic", "West", "reconstruction" ], "wikipedia": [ "Akademie-Verlag", "Berlin", "Wolfgang Pfeifer (etymologist)" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈkriːskɑnɑ̃/" } ], "word": "krīskaną" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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