"klōkaz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See klōkaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

Etymology: Of uncertain origin. Possibly related to Old Irish glicc (“shrewd, acute”), Scots gleg (“smart, quick”), Ancient Greek καλχαίνω (kalkhaínō, “to ponder”), Middle English begalewen (“to frighten, stupefy”). Etymology templates: {{unc|gem-pro|nocap=1}} uncertain, {{cog|sga|glicc|t=shrewd, acute}} Old Irish glicc (“shrewd, acute”), {{cog|sco|gleg|t=smart, quick}} Scots gleg (“smart, quick”), {{cog|grc|καλχαίνω|t=to ponder}} Ancient Greek καλχαίνω (kalkhaínō, “to ponder”), {{cog|enm|begalewen|t=to frighten, stupefy}} Middle English begalewen (“to frighten, stupefy”) Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-adj-a|klōk}}, {{gem-decl-adj-table2|*klōkaz|*klōkanǭ|*klōkas, -is|*klōkammai|*klōkanō|*klōkai|*klōkanz|*klōkaizǫ̂|*klōkaimaz|*klōkaimiz|*klōkō|*klōkǭ|*klōkaizōz|*klōkaizōi|*klōkaizō|*klōkôz|*klōkōz|*klōkaizǫ̂|*klōkaimaz|*klōkaimiz|*klōką, -atō|*klōką, -atō|*klōkas, -is|*klōkammai|*klōkanō|*klōkō|*klōkō|*klōkaizǫ̂|*klōkaimaz|*klōkaimiz|*klōkô|*klōkanų|*klōkiniz|*klōkini|*klōkinē|*klōkaniz|*klōkanunz|*klōkanǫ̂|*klōkammaz|*klōkammiz|*klōkǭ|*klōkōnų|*klōkōniz|*klōkōni|*klōkōnē|*klōkōniz|*klōkōnunz|*klōkōnǫ̂|*klōkōmaz|*klōkōmiz|*klōkô|*klōkô|*klōkiniz|*klōkini|*klōkinē|*klōkōnō|*klōkōnō|*klōkanǫ̂|*klōkammaz|*klōkammiz|title=*klōkaz (a-stem)}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], klōkaz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], klōkai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], klōkō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], klōkôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], klōką [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], klōkō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], klōkanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], klōkanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], klōkǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], klōkōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], klōką [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], klōkō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], klōkas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], klōkaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], klōkaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], klōkaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], klōkas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], klōkaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], klōkammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], klōkaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], klōkaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], klōkaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], klōkammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], klōkaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], klōkanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], klōkaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], klōkaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], klōkaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], klōkanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], klōkaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], klōkô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], klōkaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], klōkǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], klōkōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], klōkô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], klōkōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], klōkanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], klōkanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], klōkōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], klōkōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], klōkô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], klōkōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], klōkiniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], klōkanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], klōkōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], klōkōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], klōkiniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], klōkanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], klōkini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], klōkammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], klōkōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], klōkōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], klōkini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], klōkammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], klōkinē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], klōkammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], klōkōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], klōkōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], klōkinē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], klōkammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. strong, quick, smart Wikipedia link: Friedrich Kluge, John Francis Davis, Nicoline van der Sijs Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-klōkaz-gem-pro-adj-Tw4d8U3z Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*klōk"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *klōk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *klōk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "klôk"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: klôk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: klôk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "kluoc",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle High German: kluoc",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle High German: kluoc"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "klug"
          },
          "expansion": "German: klug",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: klug"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cim",
            "2": "kluug"
          },
          "expansion": "Cimbrian: kluug",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cimbrian: kluug"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hrx",
            "2": "klugh"
          },
          "expansion": "Hunsrik: klugh",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hunsrik: klugh"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yi",
            "2": "קלוג"
          },
          "expansion": "Yiddish: קלוג (klug)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Yiddish: קלוג (klug)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "klókr",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old Norse: klókr\nDanish: klog\nFaroese: klókur\nIcelandic: klókur\nNorwegian Bokmål: klok\nNorwegian Nynorsk: klok\nOld Swedish: kloker\nSwedish: klok",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old Norse: klókr\nDanish: klog\nFaroese: klókur\nIcelandic: klókur\nNorwegian Bokmål: klok\nNorwegian Nynorsk: klok\nOld Swedish: kloker\nSwedish: klok"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*cluoc"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *cluoc",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *cluoc"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "cloec"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: cloec",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: cloec"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "kloek"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: kloek",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: kloek"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "kloek"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: kloek",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: kloek"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "glicc",
        "t": "shrewd, acute"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish glicc (“shrewd, acute”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "gleg",
        "t": "smart, quick"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots gleg (“smart, quick”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "καλχαίνω",
        "t": "to ponder"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek καλχαίνω (kalkhaínō, “to ponder”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "begalewen",
        "t": "to frighten, stupefy"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English begalewen (“to frighten, stupefy”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin. Possibly related to Old Irish glicc (“shrewd, acute”), Scots gleg (“smart, quick”), Ancient Greek καλχαίνω (kalkhaínō, “to ponder”), Middle English begalewen (“to frighten, stupefy”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōką",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōką",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klōk"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*klōkaz",
        "10": "*klōkaimiz",
        "11": "*klōkō",
        "12": "*klōkǭ",
        "13": "*klōkaizōz",
        "14": "*klōkaizōi",
        "15": "*klōkaizō",
        "16": "*klōkôz",
        "17": "*klōkōz",
        "18": "*klōkaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*klōkaimaz",
        "2": "*klōkanǭ",
        "20": "*klōkaimiz",
        "21": "*klōką, -atō",
        "22": "*klōką, -atō",
        "23": "*klōkas, -is",
        "24": "*klōkammai",
        "25": "*klōkanō",
        "26": "*klōkō",
        "27": "*klōkō",
        "28": "*klōkaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*klōkaimaz",
        "3": "*klōkas, -is",
        "30": "*klōkaimiz",
        "31": "*klōkô",
        "32": "*klōkanų",
        "33": "*klōkiniz",
        "34": "*klōkini",
        "35": "*klōkinē",
        "36": "*klōkaniz",
        "37": "*klōkanunz",
        "38": "*klōkanǫ̂",
        "39": "*klōkammaz",
        "4": "*klōkammai",
        "40": "*klōkammiz",
        "41": "*klōkǭ",
        "42": "*klōkōnų",
        "43": "*klōkōniz",
        "44": "*klōkōni",
        "45": "*klōkōnē",
        "46": "*klōkōniz",
        "47": "*klōkōnunz",
        "48": "*klōkōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*klōkōmaz",
        "5": "*klōkanō",
        "50": "*klōkōmiz",
        "51": "*klōkô",
        "52": "*klōkô",
        "53": "*klōkiniz",
        "54": "*klōkini",
        "55": "*klōkinē",
        "56": "*klōkōnō",
        "57": "*klōkōnō",
        "58": "*klōkanǫ̂",
        "59": "*klōkammaz",
        "6": "*klōkai",
        "60": "*klōkammiz",
        "7": "*klōkanz",
        "8": "*klōkaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*klōkaimaz",
        "title": "*klōkaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klōkaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "strong, quick, smart"
      ],
      "id": "en-klōkaz-gem-pro-adj-Tw4d8U3z",
      "links": [
        [
          "strong",
          "strong"
        ],
        [
          "quick",
          "quick"
        ],
        [
          "smart",
          "smart"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Friedrich Kluge",
        "John Francis Davis",
        "Nicoline van der Sijs"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "klōkaz"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*klōk"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *klōk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *klōk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "klôk"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: klôk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: klôk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "kluoc",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle High German: kluoc",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle High German: kluoc"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "klug"
          },
          "expansion": "German: klug",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: klug"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cim",
            "2": "kluug"
          },
          "expansion": "Cimbrian: kluug",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cimbrian: kluug"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hrx",
            "2": "klugh"
          },
          "expansion": "Hunsrik: klugh",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hunsrik: klugh"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yi",
            "2": "קלוג"
          },
          "expansion": "Yiddish: קלוג (klug)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Yiddish: קלוג (klug)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "klókr",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old Norse: klókr\nDanish: klog\nFaroese: klókur\nIcelandic: klókur\nNorwegian Bokmål: klok\nNorwegian Nynorsk: klok\nOld Swedish: kloker\nSwedish: klok",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old Norse: klókr\nDanish: klog\nFaroese: klókur\nIcelandic: klókur\nNorwegian Bokmål: klok\nNorwegian Nynorsk: klok\nOld Swedish: kloker\nSwedish: klok"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*cluoc"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *cluoc",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *cluoc"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "cloec"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: cloec",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: cloec"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "kloek"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: kloek",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: kloek"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "kloek"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: kloek",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: kloek"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "glicc",
        "t": "shrewd, acute"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish glicc (“shrewd, acute”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "gleg",
        "t": "smart, quick"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots gleg (“smart, quick”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "καλχαίνω",
        "t": "to ponder"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek καλχαίνω (kalkhaínō, “to ponder”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "begalewen",
        "t": "to frighten, stupefy"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English begalewen (“to frighten, stupefy”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin. Possibly related to Old Irish glicc (“shrewd, acute”), Scots gleg (“smart, quick”), Ancient Greek καλχαίνω (kalkhaínō, “to ponder”), Middle English begalewen (“to frighten, stupefy”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōką",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōką",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klōk"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*klōkaz",
        "10": "*klōkaimiz",
        "11": "*klōkō",
        "12": "*klōkǭ",
        "13": "*klōkaizōz",
        "14": "*klōkaizōi",
        "15": "*klōkaizō",
        "16": "*klōkôz",
        "17": "*klōkōz",
        "18": "*klōkaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*klōkaimaz",
        "2": "*klōkanǭ",
        "20": "*klōkaimiz",
        "21": "*klōką, -atō",
        "22": "*klōką, -atō",
        "23": "*klōkas, -is",
        "24": "*klōkammai",
        "25": "*klōkanō",
        "26": "*klōkō",
        "27": "*klōkō",
        "28": "*klōkaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*klōkaimaz",
        "3": "*klōkas, -is",
        "30": "*klōkaimiz",
        "31": "*klōkô",
        "32": "*klōkanų",
        "33": "*klōkiniz",
        "34": "*klōkini",
        "35": "*klōkinē",
        "36": "*klōkaniz",
        "37": "*klōkanunz",
        "38": "*klōkanǫ̂",
        "39": "*klōkammaz",
        "4": "*klōkammai",
        "40": "*klōkammiz",
        "41": "*klōkǭ",
        "42": "*klōkōnų",
        "43": "*klōkōniz",
        "44": "*klōkōni",
        "45": "*klōkōnē",
        "46": "*klōkōniz",
        "47": "*klōkōnunz",
        "48": "*klōkōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*klōkōmaz",
        "5": "*klōkanō",
        "50": "*klōkōmiz",
        "51": "*klōkô",
        "52": "*klōkô",
        "53": "*klōkiniz",
        "54": "*klōkini",
        "55": "*klōkinē",
        "56": "*klōkōnō",
        "57": "*klōkōnō",
        "58": "*klōkanǫ̂",
        "59": "*klōkammaz",
        "6": "*klōkai",
        "60": "*klōkammiz",
        "7": "*klōkanz",
        "8": "*klōkaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*klōkaimaz",
        "title": "*klōkaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klōkaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "strong, quick, smart"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "strong",
          "strong"
        ],
        [
          "quick",
          "quick"
        ],
        [
          "smart",
          "smart"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Friedrich Kluge",
        "John Francis Davis",
        "Nicoline van der Sijs"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "klōkaz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for klōkaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (11.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.