"klōkaz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See klōkaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

Etymology: Of uncertain origin. Possibly related to Old Irish glicc (“shrewd, acute”), Scots gleg (“smart, quick”), Ancient Greek καλχαίνω (kalkhaínō, “to ponder”), Middle English begalewen (“to frighten, stupefy”). Etymology templates: {{unc|gem-pro|nocap=1}} uncertain, {{cog|sga|glicc|t=shrewd, acute}} Old Irish glicc (“shrewd, acute”), {{cog|sco|gleg|t=smart, quick}} Scots gleg (“smart, quick”), {{cog|grc|καλχαίνω|t=to ponder}} Ancient Greek καλχαίνω (kalkhaínō, “to ponder”), {{cog|enm|begalewen|t=to frighten, stupefy}} Middle English begalewen (“to frighten, stupefy”) Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], klōkaz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], klōkō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], klōką [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], klōkai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], klōkôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], klōkō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], klōkanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], klōkǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], klōką [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], klōkanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], klōkōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], klōkō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], klōkas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], klōkaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], klōkas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], klōkaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], klōkaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], klōkaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], klōkammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], klōkaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], klōkammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], klōkaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], klōkaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], klōkaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], klōkanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], klōkaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], klōkanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], klōkaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], klōkaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], klōkaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], klōkô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], klōkǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], klōkô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], klōkaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], klōkōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], klōkōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], klōkanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], klōkōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], klōkô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], klōkanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], klōkōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], klōkōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], klōkiniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], klōkōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], klōkiniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], klōkanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], klōkōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], klōkanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], klōkini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], klōkōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], klōkini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], klōkammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], klōkōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], klōkammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], klōkinē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], klōkōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], klōkinē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], klōkammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], klōkōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], klōkammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. strong, quick, smart Wikipedia link: Friedrich Kluge, John Francis Davis, Nicoline van der Sijs Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-klōkaz-gem-pro-adj-Tw4d8U3z Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*klōk"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *klōk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *klōk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "klôk"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: klôk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: klôk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "kluoc",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle High German: kluoc",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle High German: kluoc"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "klug"
          },
          "expansion": "German: klug",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: klug"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cim",
            "2": "kluug"
          },
          "expansion": "Cimbrian: kluug",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cimbrian: kluug"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hrx",
            "2": "klugh"
          },
          "expansion": "Hunsrik: klugh",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hunsrik: klugh"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yi",
            "2": "קלוג"
          },
          "expansion": "Yiddish: קלוג (klug)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Yiddish: קלוג (klug)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "klókr",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old Norse: klókr\nDanish: klog\nFaroese: klókur\nIcelandic: klókur\nNorwegian Bokmål: klok\nNorwegian Nynorsk: klok\nOld Swedish: kloker\nSwedish: klok",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old Norse: klókr\nDanish: klog\nFaroese: klókur\nIcelandic: klókur\nNorwegian Bokmål: klok\nNorwegian Nynorsk: klok\nOld Swedish: kloker\nSwedish: klok"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*cluoc"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *cluoc",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *cluoc"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "cloec"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: cloec",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: cloec"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "kloek"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: kloek",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: kloek"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "kloek"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: kloek",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: kloek"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "glicc",
        "t": "shrewd, acute"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish glicc (“shrewd, acute”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "gleg",
        "t": "smart, quick"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots gleg (“smart, quick”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "καλχαίνω",
        "t": "to ponder"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek καλχαίνω (kalkhaínō, “to ponder”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "begalewen",
        "t": "to frighten, stupefy"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English begalewen (“to frighten, stupefy”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin. Possibly related to Old Irish glicc (“shrewd, acute”), Scots gleg (“smart, quick”), Ancient Greek καλχαίνω (kalkhaínō, “to ponder”), Middle English begalewen (“to frighten, stupefy”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōką",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōką",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klōkaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "strong, quick, smart"
      ],
      "id": "en-klōkaz-gem-pro-adj-Tw4d8U3z",
      "links": [
        [
          "strong",
          "strong"
        ],
        [
          "quick",
          "quick"
        ],
        [
          "smart",
          "smart"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Friedrich Kluge",
        "John Francis Davis",
        "Nicoline van der Sijs"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "klōkaz"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*klōk"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *klōk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *klōk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "klôk"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: klôk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: klôk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "kluoc",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle High German: kluoc",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle High German: kluoc"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "klug"
          },
          "expansion": "German: klug",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: klug"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cim",
            "2": "kluug"
          },
          "expansion": "Cimbrian: kluug",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cimbrian: kluug"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hrx",
            "2": "klugh"
          },
          "expansion": "Hunsrik: klugh",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hunsrik: klugh"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yi",
            "2": "קלוג"
          },
          "expansion": "Yiddish: קלוג (klug)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Yiddish: קלוג (klug)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "klókr",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old Norse: klókr\nDanish: klog\nFaroese: klókur\nIcelandic: klókur\nNorwegian Bokmål: klok\nNorwegian Nynorsk: klok\nOld Swedish: kloker\nSwedish: klok",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old Norse: klókr\nDanish: klog\nFaroese: klókur\nIcelandic: klókur\nNorwegian Bokmål: klok\nNorwegian Nynorsk: klok\nOld Swedish: kloker\nSwedish: klok"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*cluoc"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *cluoc",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *cluoc"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "cloec"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: cloec",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: cloec"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "kloek"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: kloek",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: kloek"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "kloek"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: kloek",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: kloek"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "glicc",
        "t": "shrewd, acute"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish glicc (“shrewd, acute”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "gleg",
        "t": "smart, quick"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots gleg (“smart, quick”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "καλχαίνω",
        "t": "to ponder"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek καλχαίνω (kalkhaínō, “to ponder”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "begalewen",
        "t": "to frighten, stupefy"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English begalewen (“to frighten, stupefy”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin. Possibly related to Old Irish glicc (“shrewd, acute”), Scots gleg (“smart, quick”), Ancient Greek καλχαίνω (kalkhaínō, “to ponder”), Middle English begalewen (“to frighten, stupefy”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōką",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōką",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klōkammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klōkaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "strong, quick, smart"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "strong",
          "strong"
        ],
        [
          "quick",
          "quick"
        ],
        [
          "smart",
          "smart"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Friedrich Kluge",
        "John Francis Davis",
        "Nicoline van der Sijs"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "klōkaz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for klōkaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (10.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (89e900c and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.