See kirnijǭ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for kirnijǭ meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.9kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kirnijā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kirnijā\nOld English: ċirin, ċyrin\nMiddle English: chyrne, cherine, cherne, cheyrne, chirne, kirne, kyrn, kyrne\nEnglish: churn, kern\nScots: kirn, kern, kurn, curn\nOld Frisian: *tzerne\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: saaren\nHalligen: seern\nKarrharde: scharn\nMooring: scharn\nWiedingharde: scharn\nEast Frisian:\nSaterland Frisian: Säddene\nWangerooge Frisian: sjënn\nWest Frisian: tsjerne\nHindeloopen: serne\nSchiermonnikoog: tjen\nOld Saxon:\nMiddle Low German: kerne, kirne, karne\nLow German: Karne\n→ German: Karn, Kirne, Kerne\n→ Latvian: ķērne\nOld Dutch:\nMiddle Dutch: kerne, keerne\nDutch: karn\nAfrikaans: karring\n→ Walloon: serene",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kirnijā\nOld English: ċirin, ċyrin\nMiddle English: chyrne, cherine, cherne, cheyrne, chirne, kirne, kyrn, kyrne\nEnglish: churn, kern\nScots: kirn, kern, kurn, curn\nOld Frisian: *tzerne\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: saaren\nHalligen: seern\nKarrharde: scharn\nMooring: scharn\nWiedingharde: scharn\nEast Frisian:\nSaterland Frisian: Säddene\nWangerooge Frisian: sjënn\nWest Frisian: tsjerne\nHindeloopen: serne\nSchiermonnikoog: tjen\nOld Saxon:\nMiddle Low German: kerne, kirne, karne\nLow German: Karne\n→ German: Karn, Kirne, Kerne\n→ Latvian: ķērne\nOld Dutch:\nMiddle Dutch: kerne, keerne\nDutch: karn\nAfrikaans: karring\n→ Walloon: serene"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kirna"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: kirna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: kirna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kirna"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: kirna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: kirna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "kirna"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: kirna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: kirna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "kinne"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: kinne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: kinne"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "kirna",
"3": "kerna"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: kirna, kerna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: kirna, kerna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kärna"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: kärna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: kärna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kirnu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: kirnu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: kirnu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kærne"
},
"expansion": "Danish: kærne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: kærne (kjærne, kjerne)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kernǭ",
"3": "",
"4": "creme"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kernǭ (“creme”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from Proto-Germanic *kernǭ (“creme”)? Alternatively, the latter word is a backformation from this one. Possibly, they are related to *kernô (“core”), which is related to *kurną (“corn, grain”); yet this is disputed.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kirnijǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kirnijōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kirnijǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kirnijōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kirnijōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kirnijōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kirnijōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kirnijōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kirnijōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kirnijōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kirnijōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kirnijōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kirnijǭ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kirnijaną"
},
{
"word": "kernǭ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a churn"
],
"id": "en-kirnijǭ-gem-pro-noun-9P39nxou",
"links": [
[
"churn",
"churn"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈker.ni.jɔ̃ː/"
}
],
"word": "kirnijǭ"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "kirnijaną"
},
{
"word": "kernǭ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kirnijā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kirnijā\nOld English: ċirin, ċyrin\nMiddle English: chyrne, cherine, cherne, cheyrne, chirne, kirne, kyrn, kyrne\nEnglish: churn, kern\nScots: kirn, kern, kurn, curn\nOld Frisian: *tzerne\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: saaren\nHalligen: seern\nKarrharde: scharn\nMooring: scharn\nWiedingharde: scharn\nEast Frisian:\nSaterland Frisian: Säddene\nWangerooge Frisian: sjënn\nWest Frisian: tsjerne\nHindeloopen: serne\nSchiermonnikoog: tjen\nOld Saxon:\nMiddle Low German: kerne, kirne, karne\nLow German: Karne\n→ German: Karn, Kirne, Kerne\n→ Latvian: ķērne\nOld Dutch:\nMiddle Dutch: kerne, keerne\nDutch: karn\nAfrikaans: karring\n→ Walloon: serene",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kirnijā\nOld English: ċirin, ċyrin\nMiddle English: chyrne, cherine, cherne, cheyrne, chirne, kirne, kyrn, kyrne\nEnglish: churn, kern\nScots: kirn, kern, kurn, curn\nOld Frisian: *tzerne\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: saaren\nHalligen: seern\nKarrharde: scharn\nMooring: scharn\nWiedingharde: scharn\nEast Frisian:\nSaterland Frisian: Säddene\nWangerooge Frisian: sjënn\nWest Frisian: tsjerne\nHindeloopen: serne\nSchiermonnikoog: tjen\nOld Saxon:\nMiddle Low German: kerne, kirne, karne\nLow German: Karne\n→ German: Karn, Kirne, Kerne\n→ Latvian: ķērne\nOld Dutch:\nMiddle Dutch: kerne, keerne\nDutch: karn\nAfrikaans: karring\n→ Walloon: serene"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kirna"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: kirna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: kirna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kirna"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: kirna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: kirna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "kirna"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: kirna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: kirna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "kinne"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: kinne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: kinne"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "kirna",
"3": "kerna"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: kirna, kerna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: kirna, kerna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kärna"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: kärna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: kärna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kirnu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: kirnu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: kirnu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kærne"
},
"expansion": "Danish: kærne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: kærne (kjærne, kjerne)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kernǭ",
"3": "",
"4": "creme"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kernǭ (“creme”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from Proto-Germanic *kernǭ (“creme”)? Alternatively, the latter word is a backformation from this one. Possibly, they are related to *kernô (“core”), which is related to *kurną (“corn, grain”); yet this is disputed.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kirnijǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kirnijōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kirnijǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kirnijōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kirnijōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kirnijōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kirnijōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kirnijōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kirnijōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kirnijōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kirnijōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kirnijōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kirnijǭ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Proto-Germanic ōn-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"a churn"
],
"links": [
[
"churn",
"churn"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈker.ni.jɔ̃ː/"
}
],
"word": "kirnijǭ"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (1b9bfc5 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.