"kalwaz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See kalwaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈkɑl.wɑz/
Etymology: From pre-Germanic *golH-wo-s (found also in Balto-Slavic), from Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (“bald, bare; head”). Etymology templates: {{root|gem-pro|ine-pro|*gelH-}}, {{pre-Germanic}} pre-Germanic, {{cog|ine-bsl}} Balto-Slavic, {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*gelH-||bald, bare; head}} Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (“bald, bare; head”) Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-adj-a|kalw}}, {{gem-decl-adj-table2|*kalwaz|*kalwanǭ|*kalwas, -is|*kalwammai|*kalwanō|*kalwai|*kalwanz|*kalwaizǫ̂|*kalwaimaz|*kalwaimiz|*kalwō|*kalwǭ|*kalwaizōz|*kalwaizōi|*kalwaizō|*kalwôz|*kalwōz|*kalwaizǫ̂|*kalwaimaz|*kalwaimiz|*kalwą, -atō|*kalwą, -atō|*kalwas, -is|*kalwammai|*kalwanō|*kalwō|*kalwō|*kalwaizǫ̂|*kalwaimaz|*kalwaimiz|*kalwô|*kalwanų|*kalwiniz|*kalwini|*kalwinē|*kalwaniz|*kalwanunz|*kalwanǫ̂|*kalwammaz|*kalwammiz|*kalwǭ|*kalwōnų|*kalwōniz|*kalwōni|*kalwōnē|*kalwōniz|*kalwōnunz|*kalwōnǫ̂|*kalwōmaz|*kalwōmiz|*kalwô|*kalwô|*kalwiniz|*kalwini|*kalwinē|*kalwōnō|*kalwōnō|*kalwanǫ̂|*kalwammaz|*kalwammiz|title=*kalwaz (a-stem)}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], kalwaz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], kalwai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], kalwō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], kalwôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], kalwą [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], kalwō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], kalwanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], kalwanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], kalwǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], kalwōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], kalwą [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], kalwō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], kalwas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], kalwaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], kalwaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], kalwaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], kalwas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], kalwaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], kalwammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], kalwaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], kalwaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], kalwaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], kalwammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], kalwaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], kalwanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], kalwaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], kalwaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], kalwaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], kalwanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], kalwaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], kalwô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], kalwaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], kalwǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], kalwōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], kalwô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], kalwōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], kalwanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], kalwanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], kalwōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], kalwōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], kalwô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], kalwōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], kalwiniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], kalwanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], kalwōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], kalwōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], kalwiniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], kalwanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], kalwini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], kalwammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], kalwōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], kalwōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], kalwini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], kalwammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], kalwinē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], kalwammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], kalwōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], kalwōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], kalwinē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], kalwammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. bald Wikipedia link: Brill Publishers, Germanic parent language Tags: reconstruction Derived forms: kalwį̄, kalwǭ
    Sense id: en-kalwaz-gem-pro-adj-YswT5zVw Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*kalu"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kalu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kalu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "calu"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: calu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: calu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "calwe"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: calwe",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: calwe"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "callow"
          },
          "expansion": "English: callow",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: callow"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "kale",
            "3": "kāle"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: kale, kāle",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: kale, kāle"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "stq",
            "2": "koal"
          },
          "expansion": "Saterland Frisian: koal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Saterland Frisian: koal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "keal"
          },
          "expansion": "West Frisian: keal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "West Frisian: keal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "kalo"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: kalo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: kalo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "kāle",
            "3": "kāl"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: kāle, kāl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: kāle, kāl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds-de",
            "2": "kahl"
          },
          "expansion": "German Low German: kahl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German Low German: kahl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "kal",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Swedish: kal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Swedish: kal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*kalo"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *kalo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *kalo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "cale",
            "3": "calu"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: cale, calu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: cale, calu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "kaal"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: kaal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: kaal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "kalo",
            "3": "chalo"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: kalo, chalo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: kalo, chalo; kalwēr, chalwēr, chalawēr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "kal"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: kal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: kal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "kahl"
          },
          "expansion": "German: kahl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: kahl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lb",
            "2": "kuel"
          },
          "expansion": "Luxembourgish: kuel",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Luxembourgish: kuel"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "*kǫlr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: *kǫlr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: *kǫlr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "kal",
            "3": "kalka"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: kal, kalka",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "i"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: kal, kalka (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "smi-pro",
            "2": "*kālvë",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *kālvë",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-Samic: *kālvë (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gelH-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "pre-Germanic",
      "name": "pre-Germanic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl"
      },
      "expansion": "Balto-Slavic",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gelH-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "bald, bare; head"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (“bald, bare; head”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From pre-Germanic *golH-wo-s (found also in Balto-Slavic), from Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (“bald, bare; head”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kalw"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*kalwaz",
        "10": "*kalwaimiz",
        "11": "*kalwō",
        "12": "*kalwǭ",
        "13": "*kalwaizōz",
        "14": "*kalwaizōi",
        "15": "*kalwaizō",
        "16": "*kalwôz",
        "17": "*kalwōz",
        "18": "*kalwaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*kalwaimaz",
        "2": "*kalwanǭ",
        "20": "*kalwaimiz",
        "21": "*kalwą, -atō",
        "22": "*kalwą, -atō",
        "23": "*kalwas, -is",
        "24": "*kalwammai",
        "25": "*kalwanō",
        "26": "*kalwō",
        "27": "*kalwō",
        "28": "*kalwaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*kalwaimaz",
        "3": "*kalwas, -is",
        "30": "*kalwaimiz",
        "31": "*kalwô",
        "32": "*kalwanų",
        "33": "*kalwiniz",
        "34": "*kalwini",
        "35": "*kalwinē",
        "36": "*kalwaniz",
        "37": "*kalwanunz",
        "38": "*kalwanǫ̂",
        "39": "*kalwammaz",
        "4": "*kalwammai",
        "40": "*kalwammiz",
        "41": "*kalwǭ",
        "42": "*kalwōnų",
        "43": "*kalwōniz",
        "44": "*kalwōni",
        "45": "*kalwōnē",
        "46": "*kalwōniz",
        "47": "*kalwōnunz",
        "48": "*kalwōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*kalwōmaz",
        "5": "*kalwanō",
        "50": "*kalwōmiz",
        "51": "*kalwô",
        "52": "*kalwô",
        "53": "*kalwiniz",
        "54": "*kalwini",
        "55": "*kalwinē",
        "56": "*kalwōnō",
        "57": "*kalwōnō",
        "58": "*kalwanǫ̂",
        "59": "*kalwammaz",
        "6": "*kalwai",
        "60": "*kalwammiz",
        "7": "*kalwanz",
        "8": "*kalwaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*kalwaimaz",
        "title": "*kalwaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kalwaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "kalwį̄"
        },
        {
          "word": "kalwǭ"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bald"
      ],
      "id": "en-kalwaz-gem-pro-adj-YswT5zVw",
      "links": [
        [
          "bald",
          "bald"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers",
        "Germanic parent language"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɑl.wɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kalwaz"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "kalwį̄"
    },
    {
      "word": "kalwǭ"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*kalu"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kalu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kalu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "calu"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: calu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: calu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "calwe"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: calwe",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: calwe"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "callow"
          },
          "expansion": "English: callow",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: callow"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "kale",
            "3": "kāle"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: kale, kāle",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: kale, kāle"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "stq",
            "2": "koal"
          },
          "expansion": "Saterland Frisian: koal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Saterland Frisian: koal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "keal"
          },
          "expansion": "West Frisian: keal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "West Frisian: keal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "kalo"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: kalo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: kalo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "kāle",
            "3": "kāl"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: kāle, kāl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: kāle, kāl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds-de",
            "2": "kahl"
          },
          "expansion": "German Low German: kahl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German Low German: kahl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "kal",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Swedish: kal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Swedish: kal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*kalo"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *kalo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *kalo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "cale",
            "3": "calu"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: cale, calu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: cale, calu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "kaal"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: kaal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: kaal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "kalo",
            "3": "chalo"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: kalo, chalo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: kalo, chalo; kalwēr, chalwēr, chalawēr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "kal"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: kal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: kal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "kahl"
          },
          "expansion": "German: kahl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: kahl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lb",
            "2": "kuel"
          },
          "expansion": "Luxembourgish: kuel",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Luxembourgish: kuel"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "*kǫlr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: *kǫlr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: *kǫlr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "kal",
            "3": "kalka"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: kal, kalka",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "i"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: kal, kalka (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "smi-pro",
            "2": "*kālvë",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *kālvë",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-Samic: *kālvë (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gelH-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "pre-Germanic",
      "name": "pre-Germanic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl"
      },
      "expansion": "Balto-Slavic",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gelH-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "bald, bare; head"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (“bald, bare; head”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From pre-Germanic *golH-wo-s (found also in Balto-Slavic), from Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (“bald, bare; head”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalwammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kalw"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*kalwaz",
        "10": "*kalwaimiz",
        "11": "*kalwō",
        "12": "*kalwǭ",
        "13": "*kalwaizōz",
        "14": "*kalwaizōi",
        "15": "*kalwaizō",
        "16": "*kalwôz",
        "17": "*kalwōz",
        "18": "*kalwaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*kalwaimaz",
        "2": "*kalwanǭ",
        "20": "*kalwaimiz",
        "21": "*kalwą, -atō",
        "22": "*kalwą, -atō",
        "23": "*kalwas, -is",
        "24": "*kalwammai",
        "25": "*kalwanō",
        "26": "*kalwō",
        "27": "*kalwō",
        "28": "*kalwaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*kalwaimaz",
        "3": "*kalwas, -is",
        "30": "*kalwaimiz",
        "31": "*kalwô",
        "32": "*kalwanų",
        "33": "*kalwiniz",
        "34": "*kalwini",
        "35": "*kalwinē",
        "36": "*kalwaniz",
        "37": "*kalwanunz",
        "38": "*kalwanǫ̂",
        "39": "*kalwammaz",
        "4": "*kalwammai",
        "40": "*kalwammiz",
        "41": "*kalwǭ",
        "42": "*kalwōnų",
        "43": "*kalwōniz",
        "44": "*kalwōni",
        "45": "*kalwōnē",
        "46": "*kalwōniz",
        "47": "*kalwōnunz",
        "48": "*kalwōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*kalwōmaz",
        "5": "*kalwanō",
        "50": "*kalwōmiz",
        "51": "*kalwô",
        "52": "*kalwô",
        "53": "*kalwiniz",
        "54": "*kalwini",
        "55": "*kalwinē",
        "56": "*kalwōnō",
        "57": "*kalwōnō",
        "58": "*kalwanǫ̂",
        "59": "*kalwammaz",
        "6": "*kalwai",
        "60": "*kalwammiz",
        "7": "*kalwanz",
        "8": "*kalwaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*kalwaimaz",
        "title": "*kalwaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kalwaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gelH-"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bald"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bald",
          "bald"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers",
        "Germanic parent language"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɑl.wɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kalwaz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for kalwaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (12.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.