See kalbaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for kalbaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (7.0kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kalb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kalb\nOld English: ċealf, cælf\nMiddle English: calf, chelve, chalf, kelf\nScots: calf, cawf, caff, cauf\nEnglish: calf\nYola: callef\nOld Frisian: *kalf, *kālch, *kāl\nNorth Frisian: kuulew, kualew\nSaterland Frisian: Koolich\nWest Frisian: keal\nOld Saxon: kalf\nMiddle Low German: kalf\nLow German: Kalv, Kalf\nPlautdietsch: Kaulf\nOld Dutch: calf\nMiddle Dutch: calf\nDutch: kalf\nLimburgish: kalf\nOld High German: kalb, chalb, chalp\nMiddle High German: kalp\nAlemannic German: Chalp\nCentral Franconian: Kallev\nCimbrian: khalp, khalbe\nGerman: Kalb\nLuxembourgish: Kallef\nVilamovian: kołp\nYiddish: קאַלב (kalb)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kalb\nOld English: ċealf, cælf\nMiddle English: calf, chelve, chalf, kelf\nScots: calf, cawf, caff, cauf\nEnglish: calf\nYola: callef\nOld Frisian: *kalf, *kālch, *kāl\nNorth Frisian: kuulew, kualew\nSaterland Frisian: Koolich\nWest Frisian: keal\nOld Saxon: kalf\nMiddle Low German: kalf\nLow German: Kalv, Kalf\nPlautdietsch: Kaulf\nOld Dutch: calf\nMiddle Dutch: calf\nDutch: kalf\nLimburgish: kalf\nOld High German: kalb, chalb, chalp\nMiddle High German: kalp\nAlemannic German: Chalp\nCentral Franconian: Kallev\nCimbrian: khalp, khalbe\nGerman: Kalb\nLuxembourgish: Kallef\nVilamovian: kołp\nYiddish: קאַלב (kalb)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kalfr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: kalfr\nIcelandic: kálfur\nFaroese: kálvur\nNorn: kvålv\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kalv; (dialectal) kæłv, kålv’e, kåv’e\nNorwegian Bokmål: kalv\nElfdalian: kåv\nOld Swedish: kalver\nSwedish: kalv\nDanish: kalv\nGutnish: kalv",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: kalfr\nIcelandic: kálfur\nFaroese: kálvur\nNorn: kvålv\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kalv; (dialectal) kæłv, kålv’e, kåv’e\nNorwegian Bokmål: kalv\nElfdalian: kåv\nOld Swedish: kalver\nSwedish: kalv\nDanish: kalv\nGutnish: kalv"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*kālpē",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *kālpē",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *kālpē (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʷelbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷelbʰ-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "galba",
"3": "",
"4": "little worm, larva; small person or animal"
},
"expansion": "Latin galba (“little worm, larva; small person or animal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*gel(e)b⁽ʰ⁾-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gel(e)b⁽ʰ⁾-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "clyppan",
"3": "",
"4": "to hug, embrace; to clasp"
},
"expansion": "Old English clyppan (“to hug, embrace; to clasp”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "clasp"
},
"expansion": "English clasp",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Klafter",
"3": "",
"4": "armful, fathom"
},
"expansion": "German Klafter (“armful, fathom”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "glābt",
"3": "",
"4": "to save"
},
"expansion": "Latvian glābt (“to save”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "glaeba",
"3": "",
"4": "clod"
},
"expansion": "Latin glaeba (“clod”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xmf",
"2": "ქაბლა"
},
"expansion": "Mingrelian ქაბლა (kabla)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. The connection with Proto-Indo-European *gʷelbʰ- is problematic due to the missing labiovelar in Germanic. However, *gʷl̥bʰus- or the weak stem of *gʷélbʰ-us ~ *gʷl̥bʰ-éws would yield *kulbuz-, from which the variant *kelbuz-, also attested in Germanic, could have been derived analogically as a strong stem, whose influence might explain the missing labialization in *kalbiz-.\nPokorny connects it to Latin galba (“little worm, larva; small person or animal”), itself perhaps of Gaulish origin, and proposes Proto-Indo-European *gel(e)b⁽ʰ⁾- as a labial extension of *gel- (“form into a ball; ball”); compare Old English clyppan (“to hug, embrace; to clasp”) (modern English clasp), German Klafter (“armful, fathom”), Latvian glābt (“to save”), and Latin glaeba (“clod”), globus (“round object”). However, such irregular correspondences between *kalbaz and galba would more likely point to substrate origin.\nHas been compared to Mingrelian ქაბლა (kabla), itself of uncertain origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "z-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbiziz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbizi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbizumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbizē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbizumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"stem": "z"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kalbaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Middle High German: kalbe",
"tags": [
"German"
],
"word": "Kalbe"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: kalbe",
"word": "⇒ Alemannic German: Kalbala"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: kalbe",
"word": "Kalbla"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: kalbe",
"word": "⇒ Cimbrian: khalbala"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: kalbe",
"word": "⇒ German: Kalbele"
},
{
"roman": "kalbō",
"sense": "*kalbǭ (“heifer”)",
"tags": [
"Gothic"
],
"word": "𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌱𐍉"
}
],
"glosses": [
"calf (young cow)"
],
"id": "en-kalbaz-gem-pro-noun-k3~Dbiy9",
"links": [
[
"calf",
"calf"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑl.βɑz/"
}
],
"word": "kalbaz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Middle High German: kalbe",
"tags": [
"German"
],
"word": "Kalbe"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: kalbe",
"word": "⇒ Alemannic German: Kalbala"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: kalbe",
"word": "Kalbla"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: kalbe",
"word": "⇒ Cimbrian: khalbala"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: kalbe",
"word": "⇒ German: Kalbele"
},
{
"roman": "kalbō",
"sense": "*kalbǭ (“heifer”)",
"tags": [
"Gothic"
],
"word": "𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌱𐍉"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kalb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kalb\nOld English: ċealf, cælf\nMiddle English: calf, chelve, chalf, kelf\nScots: calf, cawf, caff, cauf\nEnglish: calf\nYola: callef\nOld Frisian: *kalf, *kālch, *kāl\nNorth Frisian: kuulew, kualew\nSaterland Frisian: Koolich\nWest Frisian: keal\nOld Saxon: kalf\nMiddle Low German: kalf\nLow German: Kalv, Kalf\nPlautdietsch: Kaulf\nOld Dutch: calf\nMiddle Dutch: calf\nDutch: kalf\nLimburgish: kalf\nOld High German: kalb, chalb, chalp\nMiddle High German: kalp\nAlemannic German: Chalp\nCentral Franconian: Kallev\nCimbrian: khalp, khalbe\nGerman: Kalb\nLuxembourgish: Kallef\nVilamovian: kołp\nYiddish: קאַלב (kalb)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kalb\nOld English: ċealf, cælf\nMiddle English: calf, chelve, chalf, kelf\nScots: calf, cawf, caff, cauf\nEnglish: calf\nYola: callef\nOld Frisian: *kalf, *kālch, *kāl\nNorth Frisian: kuulew, kualew\nSaterland Frisian: Koolich\nWest Frisian: keal\nOld Saxon: kalf\nMiddle Low German: kalf\nLow German: Kalv, Kalf\nPlautdietsch: Kaulf\nOld Dutch: calf\nMiddle Dutch: calf\nDutch: kalf\nLimburgish: kalf\nOld High German: kalb, chalb, chalp\nMiddle High German: kalp\nAlemannic German: Chalp\nCentral Franconian: Kallev\nCimbrian: khalp, khalbe\nGerman: Kalb\nLuxembourgish: Kallef\nVilamovian: kołp\nYiddish: קאַלב (kalb)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kalfr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: kalfr\nIcelandic: kálfur\nFaroese: kálvur\nNorn: kvålv\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kalv; (dialectal) kæłv, kålv’e, kåv’e\nNorwegian Bokmål: kalv\nElfdalian: kåv\nOld Swedish: kalver\nSwedish: kalv\nDanish: kalv\nGutnish: kalv",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: kalfr\nIcelandic: kálfur\nFaroese: kálvur\nNorn: kvålv\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kalv; (dialectal) kæłv, kålv’e, kåv’e\nNorwegian Bokmål: kalv\nElfdalian: kåv\nOld Swedish: kalver\nSwedish: kalv\nDanish: kalv\nGutnish: kalv"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*kālpē",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *kālpē",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *kālpē (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʷelbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷelbʰ-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "galba",
"3": "",
"4": "little worm, larva; small person or animal"
},
"expansion": "Latin galba (“little worm, larva; small person or animal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*gel(e)b⁽ʰ⁾-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gel(e)b⁽ʰ⁾-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "clyppan",
"3": "",
"4": "to hug, embrace; to clasp"
},
"expansion": "Old English clyppan (“to hug, embrace; to clasp”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "clasp"
},
"expansion": "English clasp",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Klafter",
"3": "",
"4": "armful, fathom"
},
"expansion": "German Klafter (“armful, fathom”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "glābt",
"3": "",
"4": "to save"
},
"expansion": "Latvian glābt (“to save”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "glaeba",
"3": "",
"4": "clod"
},
"expansion": "Latin glaeba (“clod”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xmf",
"2": "ქაბლა"
},
"expansion": "Mingrelian ქაბლა (kabla)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. The connection with Proto-Indo-European *gʷelbʰ- is problematic due to the missing labiovelar in Germanic. However, *gʷl̥bʰus- or the weak stem of *gʷélbʰ-us ~ *gʷl̥bʰ-éws would yield *kulbuz-, from which the variant *kelbuz-, also attested in Germanic, could have been derived analogically as a strong stem, whose influence might explain the missing labialization in *kalbiz-.\nPokorny connects it to Latin galba (“little worm, larva; small person or animal”), itself perhaps of Gaulish origin, and proposes Proto-Indo-European *gel(e)b⁽ʰ⁾- as a labial extension of *gel- (“form into a ball; ball”); compare Old English clyppan (“to hug, embrace; to clasp”) (modern English clasp), German Klafter (“armful, fathom”), Latvian glābt (“to save”), and Latin glaeba (“clod”), globus (“round object”). However, such irregular correspondences between *kalbaz and galba would more likely point to substrate origin.\nHas been compared to Mingrelian ქაბლა (kabla), itself of uncertain origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "z-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbiziz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbizi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbizumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbizē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbizumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"stem": "z"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kalbaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from substrate languages",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Proto-Germanic z-stem nouns",
"gem-pro:Baby animals"
],
"glosses": [
"calf (young cow)"
],
"links": [
[
"calf",
"calf"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑl.βɑz/"
}
],
"word": "kalbaz"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.