See kaflaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for kaflaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.5kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kafl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kafl\nOld English: ċeafl\nMiddle English: chavel, chevel, chaule, chawel, chavyl, chawil, chawyl, chavalle, chaul, chewil; chefle, chafle; jawe, jawle\nEnglish: jowl, chavel\nScots: chowl, chow, chew\nYola: choule\nOld Saxon: kafl\nMiddle Low German: kavel\nOld Dutch: *kaval\nMiddle Dutch: cavel\nDutch: (Flemish) kavel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kafl\nOld English: ċeafl\nMiddle English: chavel, chevel, chaule, chawel, chavyl, chawil, chawyl, chavalle, chaul, chewil; chefle, chafle; jawe, jawle\nEnglish: jowl, chavel\nScots: chowl, chow, chew\nYola: choule\nOld Saxon: kafl\nMiddle Low German: kavel\nOld Dutch: *kaval\nMiddle Dutch: cavel\nDutch: (Flemish) kavel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "káfl"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: káfl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: káfl"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ǵóp-wl̥ ~ *ǵép-uns"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵóp-wl̥ ~ *ǵép-uns",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kjaptr",
"t": "jaw"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kjaptr (“jaw”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kefutaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kefutaz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*žьvàti",
"t": "to chew"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *žьvàti (“to chew”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "žvakati"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian žvakati",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*gobbos",
"t": "muzzle, snout"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *gobbos (“muzzle, snout”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "gop"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish gop",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵóp-wl̥ ~ *ǵép-uns, from *ǵep- (“to eat, chew”),. Cognate with Old Norse kjaptr (“jaw”), from Proto-Germanic *kefutaz both paralleling *habulō (“head”), *haubudą (“head”), from *kap- (“head”). Perhaps also cognate with Proto-Slavic *žьvàti (“to chew”) (whence Serbo-Croatian žvakati), Proto-Celtic *gobbos (“muzzle, snout”) (whence Middle Irish gop).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kafl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kaflaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"jaw"
],
"id": "en-kaflaz-gem-pro-noun-9pXnGrOB",
"links": [
[
"jaw",
"jaw"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "kefutaz"
},
{
"word": "kebrą"
},
{
"word": "kebą"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Elmar Seebold",
"Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
"de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache"
]
}
],
"word": "kaflaz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kafl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kafl\nOld English: ċeafl\nMiddle English: chavel, chevel, chaule, chawel, chavyl, chawil, chawyl, chavalle, chaul, chewil; chefle, chafle; jawe, jawle\nEnglish: jowl, chavel\nScots: chowl, chow, chew\nYola: choule\nOld Saxon: kafl\nMiddle Low German: kavel\nOld Dutch: *kaval\nMiddle Dutch: cavel\nDutch: (Flemish) kavel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kafl\nOld English: ċeafl\nMiddle English: chavel, chevel, chaule, chawel, chavyl, chawil, chawyl, chavalle, chaul, chewil; chefle, chafle; jawe, jawle\nEnglish: jowl, chavel\nScots: chowl, chow, chew\nYola: choule\nOld Saxon: kafl\nMiddle Low German: kavel\nOld Dutch: *kaval\nMiddle Dutch: cavel\nDutch: (Flemish) kavel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "káfl"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: káfl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: káfl"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ǵóp-wl̥ ~ *ǵép-uns"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵóp-wl̥ ~ *ǵép-uns",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kjaptr",
"t": "jaw"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kjaptr (“jaw”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kefutaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kefutaz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*žьvàti",
"t": "to chew"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *žьvàti (“to chew”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "žvakati"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian žvakati",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*gobbos",
"t": "muzzle, snout"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *gobbos (“muzzle, snout”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "gop"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish gop",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵóp-wl̥ ~ *ǵép-uns, from *ǵep- (“to eat, chew”),. Cognate with Old Norse kjaptr (“jaw”), from Proto-Germanic *kefutaz both paralleling *habulō (“head”), *haubudą (“head”), from *kap- (“head”). Perhaps also cognate with Proto-Slavic *žьvàti (“to chew”) (whence Serbo-Croatian žvakati), Proto-Celtic *gobbos (“muzzle, snout”) (whence Middle Irish gop).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kafl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kaflaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "kefutaz"
},
{
"word": "kebrą"
},
{
"word": "kebą"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
"Undetermined terms with quotations",
"gem-pro:Body parts"
],
"glosses": [
"jaw"
],
"links": [
[
"jaw",
"jaw"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Elmar Seebold",
"Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
"de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache"
]
}
],
"word": "kaflaz"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (91e95e7 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.