See kaflaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kafl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kafl\nOld English: ċeafl\nMiddle English: chavel, chevel, chaule, chawel, chavyl, chawil, chawyl, chavalle, chaul, chewil, chefle, chafle (Early Middle English), jawe, jawle (influenced by the syn. joue)\nEnglish: jowl, chavel\nScots: chowl, chow, chew\nYola: choule\nOld Saxon: kafl\nMiddle Low German: kavel\nOld Dutch: *kaval\nMiddle Dutch: cavel\nDutch: (Flemish) kavel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kafl\nOld English: ċeafl\nMiddle English: chavel, chevel, chaule, chawel, chavyl, chawil, chawyl, chavalle, chaul, chewil, chefle, chafle (Early Middle English), jawe, jawle (influenced by the syn. joue)\nEnglish: jowl, chavel\nScots: chowl, chow, chew\nYola: choule\nOld Saxon: kafl\nMiddle Low German: kavel\nOld Dutch: *kaval\nMiddle Dutch: cavel\nDutch: (Flemish) kavel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "káfl"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: káfl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: káfl"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ǵóp-wl̥ ~ *ǵép-uns"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵóp-wl̥ ~ *ǵép-uns",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kjaptr",
"t": "jaw"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kjaptr (“jaw”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kefutaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kefutaz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*žьvàti",
"t": "to chew"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *žьvàti (“to chew”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "žvakati"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian žvakati",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*gobbos",
"t": "muzzle, snout"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *gobbos (“muzzle, snout”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "gop"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish gop",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵóp-wl̥ ~ *ǵép-uns, from *ǵep- (“to eat, chew”),. Cognate with Old Norse kjaptr (“jaw”), from Proto-Germanic *kefutaz both paralleling *habulō (“head”), *haubudą (“head”), from *kap- (“head”). Perhaps also cognate with Proto-Slavic *žьvàti (“to chew”) (whence Serbo-Croatian žvakati), Proto-Celtic *gobbos (“muzzle, snout”) (whence Middle Irish gop).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kafl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kaflaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"jaw"
],
"id": "en-kaflaz-gem-pro-noun-9pXnGrOB",
"links": [
[
"jaw",
"jaw"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "kefutaz"
},
{
"word": "kebrą"
},
{
"word": "kebą"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Elmar Seebold",
"Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
"de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache"
]
}
],
"word": "kaflaz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kafl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kafl\nOld English: ċeafl\nMiddle English: chavel, chevel, chaule, chawel, chavyl, chawil, chawyl, chavalle, chaul, chewil, chefle, chafle (Early Middle English), jawe, jawle (influenced by the syn. joue)\nEnglish: jowl, chavel\nScots: chowl, chow, chew\nYola: choule\nOld Saxon: kafl\nMiddle Low German: kavel\nOld Dutch: *kaval\nMiddle Dutch: cavel\nDutch: (Flemish) kavel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kafl\nOld English: ċeafl\nMiddle English: chavel, chevel, chaule, chawel, chavyl, chawil, chawyl, chavalle, chaul, chewil, chefle, chafle (Early Middle English), jawe, jawle (influenced by the syn. joue)\nEnglish: jowl, chavel\nScots: chowl, chow, chew\nYola: choule\nOld Saxon: kafl\nMiddle Low German: kavel\nOld Dutch: *kaval\nMiddle Dutch: cavel\nDutch: (Flemish) kavel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "káfl"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: káfl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: káfl"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ǵóp-wl̥ ~ *ǵép-uns"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵóp-wl̥ ~ *ǵép-uns",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kjaptr",
"t": "jaw"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kjaptr (“jaw”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kefutaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kefutaz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*žьvàti",
"t": "to chew"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *žьvàti (“to chew”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "žvakati"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian žvakati",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*gobbos",
"t": "muzzle, snout"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *gobbos (“muzzle, snout”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "gop"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish gop",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵóp-wl̥ ~ *ǵép-uns, from *ǵep- (“to eat, chew”),. Cognate with Old Norse kjaptr (“jaw”), from Proto-Germanic *kefutaz both paralleling *habulō (“head”), *haubudą (“head”), from *kap- (“head”). Perhaps also cognate with Proto-Slavic *žьvàti (“to chew”) (whence Serbo-Croatian žvakati), Proto-Celtic *gobbos (“muzzle, snout”) (whence Middle Irish gop).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kafl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaflamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kaflaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "kefutaz"
},
{
"word": "kebrą"
},
{
"word": "kebą"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"gem-pro:Body parts"
],
"glosses": [
"jaw"
],
"links": [
[
"jaw",
"jaw"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Elmar Seebold",
"Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
"de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache"
]
}
],
"word": "kaflaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kaflaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.