See kūlǭ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kiulijǭ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kūlā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kūlā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kūlā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*kūla"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *kūla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *kūla"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kûle"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: kûle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: kûle"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Kuhle",
"3": "Kuhl"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Kuhle, Kuhl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Kuhle, Kuhl"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kuhle",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Kuhle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Kuhle"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kule",
"bor": "1",
"gloss": "hole"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: kule (“hole”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: kule (“hole”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kula",
"bor": "1",
"gloss": "hole"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: kula (“hole”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: kula (“hole”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*kūla",
"3": "cūla"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *kūla, cūla",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "attested in placenames"
},
"expansion": "(attested in placenames)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *kūla, cūla (attested in placenames)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "cule",
"3": "cuul",
"4": "cuyl"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: cule, cuul, cuyl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: cule, cuul, cuyl"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kuil"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: kuil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: kuil"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "kuil"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: kuil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: kuil"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*kūla"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *kūla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *kūla"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "kūle"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: kūle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: kūle"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kaule"
},
"expansion": "German: Kaule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Kaule"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Kaul"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Kaul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Kaul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kúla"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: kúla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: kúla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kúla"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: kúla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: kúla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "kúla"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: kúla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: kúla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "kula",
"alt": "kūla"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: kūla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: kūla"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kula",
"gloss": "bump"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: kula (“bump”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: kula (“bump”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kule",
"gloss": "bump"
},
"expansion": "Danish: kule (“bump”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: kule (“bump”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gewlos",
"4": "*gewlo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gewlo-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*keulaz",
"3": "*keluz",
"4": "*kūliz"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of *keulaz, *keluz, and *kūliz",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *gewlo-, from the root *gew-, *gēw- (“to bend, curve, arch, buckle”) + *-los . Doublet of *keulaz, *keluz, and *kūliz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kūlǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kūlōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kūlǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kūlōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kūlōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kūlōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kūlōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kūlōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kūlōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kūlōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kūlōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kūlōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kūlǭ",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kūlō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kūlô"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bump"
],
"id": "en-kūlǭ-gem-pro-noun-X73pu5w~",
"links": [
[
"bump",
"bump"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hole"
],
"id": "en-kūlǭ-gem-pro-noun-Oe5FUZcH",
"links": [
[
"hole",
"hole"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "keulǭ"
}
],
"word": "kūlǭ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic doublets",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic ōn-stem nouns"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kiulijǭ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kūlā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kūlā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kūlā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*kūla"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *kūla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *kūla"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kûle"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: kûle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: kûle"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Kuhle",
"3": "Kuhl"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Kuhle, Kuhl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Kuhle, Kuhl"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kuhle",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Kuhle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Kuhle"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kule",
"bor": "1",
"gloss": "hole"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: kule (“hole”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: kule (“hole”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kula",
"bor": "1",
"gloss": "hole"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: kula (“hole”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: kula (“hole”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*kūla",
"3": "cūla"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *kūla, cūla",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "attested in placenames"
},
"expansion": "(attested in placenames)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *kūla, cūla (attested in placenames)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "cule",
"3": "cuul",
"4": "cuyl"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: cule, cuul, cuyl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: cule, cuul, cuyl"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kuil"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: kuil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: kuil"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "kuil"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: kuil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: kuil"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*kūla"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *kūla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *kūla"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "kūle"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: kūle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: kūle"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kaule"
},
"expansion": "German: Kaule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Kaule"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Kaul"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Kaul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Kaul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kúla"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: kúla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: kúla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kúla"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: kúla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: kúla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "kúla"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: kúla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: kúla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "kula",
"alt": "kūla"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: kūla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: kūla"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kula",
"gloss": "bump"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: kula (“bump”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: kula (“bump”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kule",
"gloss": "bump"
},
"expansion": "Danish: kule (“bump”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: kule (“bump”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gewlos",
"4": "*gewlo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gewlo-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*keulaz",
"3": "*keluz",
"4": "*kūliz"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of *keulaz, *keluz, and *kūliz",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *gewlo-, from the root *gew-, *gēw- (“to bend, curve, arch, buckle”) + *-los . Doublet of *keulaz, *keluz, and *kūliz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kūlǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kūlōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kūlǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kūlōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kūlōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kūlōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kūlōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kūlōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kūlōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kūlōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kūlōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kūlōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kūlǭ",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "kūlō"
},
{
"word": "kūlô"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bump"
],
"links": [
[
"bump",
"bump"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hole"
],
"links": [
[
"hole",
"hole"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "keulǭ"
}
],
"word": "kūlǭ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kūlǭ meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.