See izwiz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Germanic: *iwwi (from dative/accusative of *jīz)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ēow"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ēow",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ēow"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "yow",
"noalts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: yow\nEnglish: you\nScots: you",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: yow\nEnglish: you\nScots: you"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ēowic",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old English: ēowic",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "with -c from the singular accusative pronouns"
},
"expansion": "(with -c from the singular accusative pronouns)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old English: ēowic (with -c from the singular accusative pronouns)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "jū"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: jū, iu, jō, io\nNorth Frisian: juu\nSaterland Frisian: jou, Jou\nWest Frisian: jo",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: jū, iu, jō, io\nNorth Frisian: juu\nSaterland Frisian: jou, Jou\nWest Frisian: jo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "iu"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: iu, eu, iuu, giu\nMiddle Low German: jû, jûw\nLow German: ju, jug, jo, jau, u, ugg",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: iu, eu, iuu, giu\nMiddle Low German: jû, jûw\nLow German: ju, jug, jo, jau, u, ugg"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "iu"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: iu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: iu"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "u",
"3": "ju"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: u, ju",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: u, ju"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "u"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: u",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: u"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*jū"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *jū",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "northern variant"
},
"expansion": "(northern variant)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *jū (northern variant)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "jou"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: jou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: jou"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "jou"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: jou, a (Brabant)\nAfrikaans: jou\nJersey Dutch: jāu\nPetjo: jou\nSkepi Creole Dutch: asu",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: jou, a (Brabant)\nAfrikaans: jou\nJersey Dutch: jāu\nPetjo: jou\nSkepi Creole Dutch: asu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "iu"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: iu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: iu"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "iu"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: iu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: iu"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "öi"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: öi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: öi"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "iuwih",
"der": "1",
"qq": "with -h from the singular accusative pronouns"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old High German: iuwih (with -h from the singular accusative pronouns)\nMiddle High German: iuch\nAlemannic German: üüch\nCimbrian: òich\nGerman: euch\nLuxembourgish: iech\nYiddish: אײַך (aykh)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old High German: iuwih (with -h from the singular accusative pronouns)\nMiddle High German: iuch\nAlemannic German: üüch\nCimbrian: òich\nGerman: euch\nLuxembourgish: iech\nYiddish: אײַך (aykh)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non-own",
"2": "yðr"
},
"expansion": "Old West Norse: yðr, iðʀ — Old East Norse\nIcelandic: yður\nNorwegian Nynorsk: øder, (dialectal) ør, dør, døre",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old West Norse: yðr, iðʀ — Old East Norse\nIcelandic: yður\nNorwegian Nynorsk: øder, (dialectal) ør, dør, døre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non-oen",
"2": "iðʀ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Norse: iðʀ, yðr — Old West Norse\nOld Swedish: iþer, idher\nSwedish: eder, er\nDanish: eder, jer\nNorwegian Bokmål: eder\n→ Norwegian: (dialectal) der, dere\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: dere",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old East Norse: iðʀ, yðr — Old West Norse\nOld Swedish: iþer, idher\nSwedish: eder, er\nDanish: eder, jer\nNorwegian Bokmål: eder\n→ Norwegian: (dialectal) der, dere\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: dere"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 (izwis)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 (izwis)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*uswé"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *uswé",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ringe (2017: 235) cites two possibilities: (1) citing Katz (1998: 102-5, 110-12), from PIE Proto-Indo-European *uswé, an oblique form of *yū́ that then underwent apheresis to *swé, and in turn a prop vowel *I was added to create *iswé, with further changes and analogies leading to hypothetical accusative *is and dative-instrumental *izwiz, with the latter eventually replacing the former in form. (2) citing Michael Weiss (p.c.), dissimilation to *iswé took place.\nIn either case, an instrumental plural in *-is was formed on the model of the 1pl.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "pronoun form"
},
"expansion": "*izwiz",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/izwiz",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "jūz"
}
],
"glosses": [
"accusative/dative/instrumental of *jūz"
],
"id": "en-izwiz-gem-pro-pron-6FXPtU5G",
"links": [
[
"*jūz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/jūz"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"form-of",
"instrumental",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈiz.wiz/"
}
],
"word": "izwiz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Germanic: *iwwi (from dative/accusative of *jīz)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ēow"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ēow",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ēow"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "yow",
"noalts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: yow\nEnglish: you\nScots: you",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: yow\nEnglish: you\nScots: you"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ēowic",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old English: ēowic",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "with -c from the singular accusative pronouns"
},
"expansion": "(with -c from the singular accusative pronouns)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old English: ēowic (with -c from the singular accusative pronouns)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "jū"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: jū, iu, jō, io\nNorth Frisian: juu\nSaterland Frisian: jou, Jou\nWest Frisian: jo",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: jū, iu, jō, io\nNorth Frisian: juu\nSaterland Frisian: jou, Jou\nWest Frisian: jo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "iu"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: iu, eu, iuu, giu\nMiddle Low German: jû, jûw\nLow German: ju, jug, jo, jau, u, ugg",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: iu, eu, iuu, giu\nMiddle Low German: jû, jûw\nLow German: ju, jug, jo, jau, u, ugg"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "iu"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: iu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: iu"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "u",
"3": "ju"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: u, ju",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: u, ju"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "u"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: u",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: u"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*jū"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *jū",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "northern variant"
},
"expansion": "(northern variant)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *jū (northern variant)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "jou"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: jou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: jou"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "jou"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: jou, a (Brabant)\nAfrikaans: jou\nJersey Dutch: jāu\nPetjo: jou\nSkepi Creole Dutch: asu",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: jou, a (Brabant)\nAfrikaans: jou\nJersey Dutch: jāu\nPetjo: jou\nSkepi Creole Dutch: asu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "iu"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: iu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: iu"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "iu"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: iu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: iu"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "öi"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: öi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: öi"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "iuwih",
"der": "1",
"qq": "with -h from the singular accusative pronouns"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old High German: iuwih (with -h from the singular accusative pronouns)\nMiddle High German: iuch\nAlemannic German: üüch\nCimbrian: òich\nGerman: euch\nLuxembourgish: iech\nYiddish: אײַך (aykh)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old High German: iuwih (with -h from the singular accusative pronouns)\nMiddle High German: iuch\nAlemannic German: üüch\nCimbrian: òich\nGerman: euch\nLuxembourgish: iech\nYiddish: אײַך (aykh)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non-own",
"2": "yðr"
},
"expansion": "Old West Norse: yðr, iðʀ — Old East Norse\nIcelandic: yður\nNorwegian Nynorsk: øder, (dialectal) ør, dør, døre",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old West Norse: yðr, iðʀ — Old East Norse\nIcelandic: yður\nNorwegian Nynorsk: øder, (dialectal) ør, dør, døre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non-oen",
"2": "iðʀ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Norse: iðʀ, yðr — Old West Norse\nOld Swedish: iþer, idher\nSwedish: eder, er\nDanish: eder, jer\nNorwegian Bokmål: eder\n→ Norwegian: (dialectal) der, dere\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: dere",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old East Norse: iðʀ, yðr — Old West Norse\nOld Swedish: iþer, idher\nSwedish: eder, er\nDanish: eder, jer\nNorwegian Bokmål: eder\n→ Norwegian: (dialectal) der, dere\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: dere"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 (izwis)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 (izwis)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*uswé"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *uswé",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ringe (2017: 235) cites two possibilities: (1) citing Katz (1998: 102-5, 110-12), from PIE Proto-Indo-European *uswé, an oblique form of *yū́ that then underwent apheresis to *swé, and in turn a prop vowel *I was added to create *iswé, with further changes and analogies leading to hypothetical accusative *is and dative-instrumental *izwiz, with the latter eventually replacing the former in form. (2) citing Michael Weiss (p.c.), dissimilation to *iswé took place.\nIn either case, an instrumental plural in *-is was formed on the model of the 1pl.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "pronoun form"
},
"expansion": "*izwiz",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/izwiz",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic non-lemma forms",
"Proto-Germanic pronoun forms",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "jūz"
}
],
"glosses": [
"accusative/dative/instrumental of *jūz"
],
"links": [
[
"*jūz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/jūz"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"form-of",
"instrumental",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈiz.wiz/"
}
],
"word": "izwiz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for izwiz meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.