See isti in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*ist"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *ist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *ist"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "is"
},
"expansion": "Old English: is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: is"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "is",
"id": "is"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: is\nEnglish: is\nScots: is\nYola: is, ez",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: is\nEnglish: is\nScots: is\nYola: is, ez"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "is"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: is"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "as"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: as",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: as"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "is"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: is"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "is"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: is"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "ist",
"3": "is"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: ist, is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: ist, is"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "is"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: is"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-nl",
"2": "is"
},
"expansion": "Dutch Low Saxon: is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch Low Saxon: is"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "is",
"3": "es",
"4": "ös"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: is, es, ös",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: is, es, ös"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "es"
},
"expansion": "Plautdietsch: es",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Plautdietsch: es"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "ist"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: ist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: ist"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "is"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: is"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "is"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: is"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "is"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: is"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ist"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: ist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: ist"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "ist",
"3": "is"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: ist, is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: ist, is"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "isch"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: isch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: isch"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "is"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian: is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian: is"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "ist",
"3": "iz"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian: ist, iz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cimbrian: ist, iz"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "es"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian: es",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Franconian: es"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hrx",
"2": "is"
},
"expansion": "Hunsrik: is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hunsrik: is"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ist"
},
"expansion": "German: ist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: ist"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "ass"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: ass",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: ass"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdc",
"2": "iss"
},
"expansion": "Pennsylvania German: iss",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pennsylvania German: iss"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "איז"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: איז (iz)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: איז (iz)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "ᛁᛊᛏ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: ᛁᛊᛏ (ist)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: ᛁᛊᛏ (ist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "es"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: es",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "early"
},
"expansion": "(early)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-s replaced with -r by analogy to plural forms"
},
"expansion": "(-s replaced with -r by analogy to plural forms)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: es (early), er (-s replaced with -r by analogy to plural forms) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌹𐍃𐍄"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌹𐍃𐍄 (ist)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌹𐍃𐍄 (ist)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁ésti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "*isti",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/isti",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "wesaną"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular present active indicative of *wesaną"
],
"id": "en-isti-gem-pro-verb-3MINGjW9",
"links": [
[
"*wesaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wesaną"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"reconstruction",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "isti"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*ist"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *ist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *ist"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "is"
},
"expansion": "Old English: is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: is"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "is",
"id": "is"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: is\nEnglish: is\nScots: is\nYola: is, ez",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: is\nEnglish: is\nScots: is\nYola: is, ez"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "is"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: is"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "as"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: as",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: as"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "is"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: is"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "is"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: is"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "ist",
"3": "is"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: ist, is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: ist, is"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "is"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: is"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-nl",
"2": "is"
},
"expansion": "Dutch Low Saxon: is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch Low Saxon: is"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "is",
"3": "es",
"4": "ös"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: is, es, ös",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: is, es, ös"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "es"
},
"expansion": "Plautdietsch: es",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Plautdietsch: es"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "ist"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: ist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: ist"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "is"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: is"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "is"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: is"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "is"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: is"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ist"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: ist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: ist"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "ist",
"3": "is"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: ist, is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: ist, is"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "isch"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: isch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: isch"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "is"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian: is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian: is"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "ist",
"3": "iz"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian: ist, iz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cimbrian: ist, iz"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "es"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian: es",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Franconian: es"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hrx",
"2": "is"
},
"expansion": "Hunsrik: is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hunsrik: is"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ist"
},
"expansion": "German: ist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: ist"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "ass"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: ass",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: ass"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdc",
"2": "iss"
},
"expansion": "Pennsylvania German: iss",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pennsylvania German: iss"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "איז"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: איז (iz)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: איז (iz)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "ᛁᛊᛏ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: ᛁᛊᛏ (ist)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: ᛁᛊᛏ (ist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "es"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: es",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "early"
},
"expansion": "(early)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-s replaced with -r by analogy to plural forms"
},
"expansion": "(-s replaced with -r by analogy to plural forms)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: es (early), er (-s replaced with -r by analogy to plural forms) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌹𐍃𐍄"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌹𐍃𐍄 (ist)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌹𐍃𐍄 (ist)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁ésti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "*isti",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/isti",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic non-lemma forms",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "wesaną"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular present active indicative of *wesaną"
],
"links": [
[
"*wesaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wesaną"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"reconstruction",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "isti"
}
Download raw JSONL data for isti meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (4ba5975 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.