"ilhilaz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See ilhilaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈil.xi.lɑz/
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁elḱ-, compare Proto-Indo-European *h₁élḱos (“sore, ulcer”). Possibly cognate with Proto-Celtic *ulkos (“bad, evil”). Etymology templates: {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*h₁elḱ-}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁elḱ-, {{cog|ine-pro|*h₁élḱos|t=sore, ulcer}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁élḱos (“sore, ulcer”), {{cog|cel-pro|*ulkos|t=bad, evil}} Proto-Celtic *ulkos (“bad, evil”) Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-adj-a|ilhil}}, {{gem-decl-adj-table2|*ilhilaz|*ilhilanǭ|*ilhilas, -is|*ilhilammai|*ilhilanō|*ilhilai|*ilhilanz|*ilhilaizǫ̂|*ilhilaimaz|*ilhilaimiz|*ilhilō|*ilhilǭ|*ilhilaizōz|*ilhilaizōi|*ilhilaizō|*ilhilôz|*ilhilōz|*ilhilaizǫ̂|*ilhilaimaz|*ilhilaimiz|*ilhilą, -atō|*ilhilą, -atō|*ilhilas, -is|*ilhilammai|*ilhilanō|*ilhilō|*ilhilō|*ilhilaizǫ̂|*ilhilaimaz|*ilhilaimiz|*ilhilô|*ilhilanų|*ilhiliniz|*ilhilini|*ilhilinē|*ilhilaniz|*ilhilanunz|*ilhilanǫ̂|*ilhilammaz|*ilhilammiz|*ilhilǭ|*ilhilōnų|*ilhilōniz|*ilhilōni|*ilhilōnē|*ilhilōniz|*ilhilōnunz|*ilhilōnǫ̂|*ilhilōmaz|*ilhilōmiz|*ilhilô|*ilhilô|*ilhiliniz|*ilhilini|*ilhilinē|*ilhilōnō|*ilhilōnō|*ilhilanǫ̂|*ilhilammaz|*ilhilammiz|title=*ilhilaz (a-stem)}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], ilhilaz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], ilhilai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], ilhilō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], ilhilôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], ilhilą [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], ilhilō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], ilhilanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], ilhilanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], ilhilǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], ilhilōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], ilhilą [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], ilhilō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], ilhilas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], ilhilaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], ilhilaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], ilhilaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], ilhilas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], ilhilaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], ilhilammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], ilhilaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], ilhilaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], ilhilaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], ilhilammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], ilhilaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], ilhilanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], ilhilaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], ilhilaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], ilhilaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], ilhilanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], ilhilaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], ilhilô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], ilhilaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], ilhilǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], ilhilōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], ilhilô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], ilhilōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], ilhilanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], ilhilanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], ilhilōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], ilhilōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], ilhilô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], ilhilōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], ilhiliniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], ilhilanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], ilhilōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], ilhilōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], ilhiliniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], ilhilanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], ilhilini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], ilhilammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], ilhilōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], ilhilōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], ilhilini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], ilhilammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], ilhilinē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], ilhilammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], ilhilōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], ilhilōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], ilhilinē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], ilhilammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. (North Germanic) evil, bad Tags: Germanic, North, reconstruction Synonyms: *ubilaz
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "gōdaz"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "illr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: illr\nIcelandic: illur\nFaroese: illur\nOld Swedish: ilder, īller\nSwedish: illa\nDanish: ilde\nNorwegian Bokmål: ille\nNorwegian Nynorsk: ille\n→ Middle English: ille, ill, il\nEnglish: ill\nScots: ill\nYola: ill",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: illr\nIcelandic: illur\nFaroese: illur\nOld Swedish: ilder, īller\nSwedish: illa\nDanish: ilde\nNorwegian Bokmål: ille\nNorwegian Nynorsk: ille\n→ Middle English: ille, ill, il\nEnglish: ill\nScots: ill\nYola: ill"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "urj-fin-pro",
            "2": "*ilkëda",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *ilkëda\nEstonian: ilge\nFinnish: ilkeä\n→ Votic: hilkiä\nIngrian: ilkiä\nKarelian: (Northern) ilkie, (Southern) ilgie\nLivvi: ilgei\nVotic: ilka\n→ Northern Sami: ilgat\n→ Inari Sami: ilgâd",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *ilkëda\nEstonian: ilge\nFinnish: ilkeä\n→ Votic: hilkiä\nIngrian: ilkiä\nKarelian: (Northern) ilkie, (Southern) ilgie\nLivvi: ilgei\nVotic: ilka\n→ Northern Sami: ilgat\n→ Inari Sami: ilgâd"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁elḱ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁elḱ-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₁élḱos",
        "t": "sore, ulcer"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁élḱos (“sore, ulcer”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*ulkos",
        "t": "bad, evil"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ulkos (“bad, evil”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₁elḱ-, compare Proto-Indo-European *h₁élḱos (“sore, ulcer”). Possibly cognate with Proto-Celtic *ulkos (“bad, evil”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhiliniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhiliniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ilhil"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*ilhilaz",
        "10": "*ilhilaimiz",
        "11": "*ilhilō",
        "12": "*ilhilǭ",
        "13": "*ilhilaizōz",
        "14": "*ilhilaizōi",
        "15": "*ilhilaizō",
        "16": "*ilhilôz",
        "17": "*ilhilōz",
        "18": "*ilhilaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*ilhilaimaz",
        "2": "*ilhilanǭ",
        "20": "*ilhilaimiz",
        "21": "*ilhilą, -atō",
        "22": "*ilhilą, -atō",
        "23": "*ilhilas, -is",
        "24": "*ilhilammai",
        "25": "*ilhilanō",
        "26": "*ilhilō",
        "27": "*ilhilō",
        "28": "*ilhilaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*ilhilaimaz",
        "3": "*ilhilas, -is",
        "30": "*ilhilaimiz",
        "31": "*ilhilô",
        "32": "*ilhilanų",
        "33": "*ilhiliniz",
        "34": "*ilhilini",
        "35": "*ilhilinē",
        "36": "*ilhilaniz",
        "37": "*ilhilanunz",
        "38": "*ilhilanǫ̂",
        "39": "*ilhilammaz",
        "4": "*ilhilammai",
        "40": "*ilhilammiz",
        "41": "*ilhilǭ",
        "42": "*ilhilōnų",
        "43": "*ilhilōniz",
        "44": "*ilhilōni",
        "45": "*ilhilōnē",
        "46": "*ilhilōniz",
        "47": "*ilhilōnunz",
        "48": "*ilhilōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*ilhilōmaz",
        "5": "*ilhilanō",
        "50": "*ilhilōmiz",
        "51": "*ilhilô",
        "52": "*ilhilô",
        "53": "*ilhiliniz",
        "54": "*ilhilini",
        "55": "*ilhilinē",
        "56": "*ilhilōnō",
        "57": "*ilhilōnō",
        "58": "*ilhilanǫ̂",
        "59": "*ilhilammaz",
        "6": "*ilhilai",
        "60": "*ilhilammiz",
        "7": "*ilhilanz",
        "8": "*ilhilaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*ilhilaimaz",
        "title": "*ilhilaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ilhilaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "North Proto-Germanic",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-ilaz (adjectival)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "evil, bad"
      ],
      "id": "en-ilhilaz-gem-pro-adj-btqIF2dQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "evil",
          "evil"
        ],
        [
          "bad",
          "bad"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(North Germanic) evil, bad"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*ubilaz"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Germanic",
        "North",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈil.xi.lɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ilhilaz"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "gōdaz"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "illr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: illr\nIcelandic: illur\nFaroese: illur\nOld Swedish: ilder, īller\nSwedish: illa\nDanish: ilde\nNorwegian Bokmål: ille\nNorwegian Nynorsk: ille\n→ Middle English: ille, ill, il\nEnglish: ill\nScots: ill\nYola: ill",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: illr\nIcelandic: illur\nFaroese: illur\nOld Swedish: ilder, īller\nSwedish: illa\nDanish: ilde\nNorwegian Bokmål: ille\nNorwegian Nynorsk: ille\n→ Middle English: ille, ill, il\nEnglish: ill\nScots: ill\nYola: ill"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "urj-fin-pro",
            "2": "*ilkëda",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *ilkëda\nEstonian: ilge\nFinnish: ilkeä\n→ Votic: hilkiä\nIngrian: ilkiä\nKarelian: (Northern) ilkie, (Southern) ilgie\nLivvi: ilgei\nVotic: ilka\n→ Northern Sami: ilgat\n→ Inari Sami: ilgâd",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *ilkëda\nEstonian: ilge\nFinnish: ilkeä\n→ Votic: hilkiä\nIngrian: ilkiä\nKarelian: (Northern) ilkie, (Southern) ilgie\nLivvi: ilgei\nVotic: ilka\n→ Northern Sami: ilgat\n→ Inari Sami: ilgâd"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁elḱ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁elḱ-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₁élḱos",
        "t": "sore, ulcer"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁élḱos (“sore, ulcer”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*ulkos",
        "t": "bad, evil"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ulkos (“bad, evil”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₁elḱ-, compare Proto-Indo-European *h₁élḱos (“sore, ulcer”). Possibly cognate with Proto-Celtic *ulkos (“bad, evil”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhiliniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhiliniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ilhilammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ilhil"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*ilhilaz",
        "10": "*ilhilaimiz",
        "11": "*ilhilō",
        "12": "*ilhilǭ",
        "13": "*ilhilaizōz",
        "14": "*ilhilaizōi",
        "15": "*ilhilaizō",
        "16": "*ilhilôz",
        "17": "*ilhilōz",
        "18": "*ilhilaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*ilhilaimaz",
        "2": "*ilhilanǭ",
        "20": "*ilhilaimiz",
        "21": "*ilhilą, -atō",
        "22": "*ilhilą, -atō",
        "23": "*ilhilas, -is",
        "24": "*ilhilammai",
        "25": "*ilhilanō",
        "26": "*ilhilō",
        "27": "*ilhilō",
        "28": "*ilhilaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*ilhilaimaz",
        "3": "*ilhilas, -is",
        "30": "*ilhilaimiz",
        "31": "*ilhilô",
        "32": "*ilhilanų",
        "33": "*ilhiliniz",
        "34": "*ilhilini",
        "35": "*ilhilinē",
        "36": "*ilhilaniz",
        "37": "*ilhilanunz",
        "38": "*ilhilanǫ̂",
        "39": "*ilhilammaz",
        "4": "*ilhilammai",
        "40": "*ilhilammiz",
        "41": "*ilhilǭ",
        "42": "*ilhilōnų",
        "43": "*ilhilōniz",
        "44": "*ilhilōni",
        "45": "*ilhilōnē",
        "46": "*ilhilōniz",
        "47": "*ilhilōnunz",
        "48": "*ilhilōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*ilhilōmaz",
        "5": "*ilhilanō",
        "50": "*ilhilōmiz",
        "51": "*ilhilô",
        "52": "*ilhilô",
        "53": "*ilhiliniz",
        "54": "*ilhilini",
        "55": "*ilhilinē",
        "56": "*ilhilōnō",
        "57": "*ilhilōnō",
        "58": "*ilhilanǫ̂",
        "59": "*ilhilammaz",
        "6": "*ilhilai",
        "60": "*ilhilammiz",
        "7": "*ilhilanz",
        "8": "*ilhilaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*ilhilaimaz",
        "title": "*ilhilaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ilhilaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "North Proto-Germanic",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-ilaz (adjectival)"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "evil, bad"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "evil",
          "evil"
        ],
        [
          "bad",
          "bad"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(North Germanic) evil, bad"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*ubilaz"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Germanic",
        "North",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈil.xi.lɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ilhilaz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for ilhilaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (10.4kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (af5c55c and 66545a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.