"hīgōną" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See hīgōną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈxiː.ɣɔː.nɑ̃/
Etymology: Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey(H)gʰ- (“to move quickly, jump; swift, fierce”), thereby cognate with e.g. Russian сига́ть (sigátʹ, “to spring, jump”) (Proto-Slavic *sigáti) and maybe Sanskrit शीघ्र (śīghrá-, “quick, fast”); if so, Old English may preserve the original sense. Further derived from *ḱey- (“to move”); compare Latin cieō (“set in motion, invoke, provoke”), Ancient Greek κινέω (kinéō, “move, set in motion”). Etymology templates: {{root|gem-pro|ine-pro|*ḱeygʰ-}}, {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*ḱey(H)gʰ-||to move quickly, jump; swift, fierce}} Proto-Indo-European *ḱey(H)gʰ- (“to move quickly, jump; swift, fierce”), {{cog|ru|сига́ть||to spring, jump}} Russian сига́ть (sigátʹ, “to spring, jump”), {{cog|sla-pro|*sigáti}} Proto-Slavic *sigáti, {{cog|sa|शीघ्र|t=quick, fast|tr=śīghrá-}} Sanskrit शीघ्र (śīghrá-, “quick, fast”), {{cog|ang|-}} Old English, {{cog|la|cieō||set in motion, invoke, provoke}} Latin cieō (“set in motion, invoke, provoke”), {{cog|grc|κινέω||move, set in motion}} Ancient Greek κινέω (kinéō, “move, set in motion”) Inflection templates: {{gem-conj-wk2|hīg}} Forms: weak [table-tags], hīgō [active, first-person, indicative, singular], hīgǭ [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, singular], hīgōi [first-person, indicative, passive, singular], - [first-person, passive, singular, subjunctive], hīgōsi [active, indicative, second-person, singular], hīgōs [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], hīgō [active, imperative, second-person, singular], hīgōsai [indicative, passive, second-person, singular], hīgōsau [passive, second-person, singular, subjunctive], hīgōþi [active, indicative, singular, third-person], hīgō [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], hīgōþau [active, imperative, singular, third-person], hīgōþai [indicative, passive, singular, third-person], hīgōþau [passive, singular, subjunctive, third-person], hīgōs [active, dual, first-person, indicative], hīgōw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], - [active, dual, first-person, imperative], - [dual, first-person, indicative, passive], - [dual, first-person, passive, subjunctive], hīgōþiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], hīgōþiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], hīgōþiz [active, dual, imperative, second-person], - [dual, indicative, passive, second-person], - [dual, passive, second-person, subjunctive], hīgōmaz [active, first-person, indicative, plural], hīgōm [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, plural], hīgōnþai [first-person, indicative, passive, plural], hīgōnþau [first-person, passive, plural, subjunctive], hīgōþ [active, indicative, plural, second-person], hīgōþ [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], hīgōþ [active, imperative, plural, second-person], hīgōnþai [indicative, passive, plural, second-person], hīgōnþau [passive, plural, second-person, subjunctive], hīgōnþi [active, indicative, plural, third-person], hīgōn [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], hīgōnþau [active, imperative, plural, third-person], hīgōnþai [indicative, passive, plural, third-person], hīgōnþau [passive, plural, subjunctive, third-person], hīgōdǭ [active, first-person, indicative, singular], hīgōdēdį̄ [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], hīgōdēz [active, indicative, second-person, singular], hīgōdēdīz [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], hīgōdē [active, indicative, singular, third-person], hīgōdēdī [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], hīgōdēdū [active, dual, first-person, indicative], hīgōdēdīw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], hīgōdēdudiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], hīgōdēdīdiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], hīgōdēdum [active, first-person, indicative, plural], hīgōdēdīm [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], hīgōdēdud [active, indicative, plural, second-person], hīgōdēdīd [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], hīgōdēdun [active, indicative, plural, third-person], hīgōdēdīn [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], hīgōndz [active, participle, present], hīgōdaz [active, participle, past, subjunctive]
  1. to breathe (heavily), pant, snort, wheeze Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-hīgōną-gem-pro-verb-w0uunwS-
  2. (possibly) to move quickly, hasten Tags: possibly, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-hīgōną-gem-pro-verb-Hs~2VM5x Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 41 59 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 23 77 Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 30 70
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: hiksatjaną, hiksōną
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hiksatjaną"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hiksōną"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*hīgōn"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hīgōn\nOld English: hīgian (“to hasten, hurry”, < *hīgōjan)\nMiddle English: hyen\nEnglish: hie\nScots: hie\nOld Saxon: *hīgōn\nMiddle Low German: hîgen, hîchen; (hêgen, heigen)\nLow German: higen\nOld Dutch: *hīgon\nMiddle Dutch: hīgen, hīghen\nDutch: hijgen; hikken\nAfrikaans: hyg\nOld High German: *hīgōn (?)\n⇒? Middle High German: hecheln, hacheln (“to copulate”) (probably of different origin)\n>? German: hechen, heichen, hecheln (“to pant”) (possibly from Low German)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hīgōn\nOld English: hīgian (“to hasten, hurry”, < *hīgōjan)\nMiddle English: hyen\nEnglish: hie\nScots: hie\nOld Saxon: *hīgōn\nMiddle Low German: hîgen, hîchen; (hêgen, heigen)\nLow German: higen\nOld Dutch: *hīgon\nMiddle Dutch: hīgen, hīghen\nDutch: hijgen; hikken\nAfrikaans: hyg\nOld High German: *hīgōn (?)\n⇒? Middle High German: hecheln, hacheln (“to copulate”) (probably of different origin)\n>? German: hechen, heichen, hecheln (“to pant”) (possibly from Low German)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "*híga"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: *híga",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: *híga; (hexta)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "hike",
            "3": "hika"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: hike, hika",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: hike, hika, (hikke, hikka)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "hikke"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: hikke",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "(Norwegian Bokmål: hikke)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "hicka",
            "3": "hikja",
            "q2": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: hicka, (dialectal) hikja",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "(Swedish: hicka, (dialectal) hikja)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-scy",
            "2": "hiğa"
          },
          "expansion": "Scanian: hiğa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scanian: hiğa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "hige"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: hige",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: hige (hikke)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "hige",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: hige",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: hige"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱeygʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱey(H)gʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to move quickly, jump; swift, fierce"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱey(H)gʰ- (“to move quickly, jump; swift, fierce”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "сига́ть",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to spring, jump"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian сига́ть (sigátʹ, “to spring, jump”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*sigáti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *sigáti",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "शीघ्र",
        "t": "quick, fast",
        "tr": "śīghrá-"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit शीघ्र (śīghrá-, “quick, fast”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "cieō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "set in motion, invoke, provoke"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cieō (“set in motion, invoke, provoke”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κινέω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "move, set in motion"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κινέω (kinéō, “move, set in motion”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey(H)gʰ- (“to move quickly, jump; swift, fierce”), thereby cognate with e.g. Russian сига́ть (sigátʹ, “to spring, jump”) (Proto-Slavic *sigáti) and maybe Sanskrit शीघ्र (śīghrá-, “quick, fast”); if so, Old English may preserve the original sense. Further derived from *ḱey- (“to move”); compare Latin cieō (“set in motion, invoke, provoke”), Ancient Greek κινέω (kinéō, “move, set in motion”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-wk2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōsi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōsai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōsau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōnþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōnþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōnþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōnþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdēdį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdēz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdēdīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdēdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdēdū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdēdīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdēdudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdēdīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdēdum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdēdīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdēdud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdēdīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdēdun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdēdīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōndz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hīg"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-wk2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hīgōną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to breathe (heavily), pant, snort, wheeze"
      ],
      "id": "en-hīgōną-gem-pro-verb-w0uunwS-",
      "links": [
        [
          "breathe",
          "breathe"
        ],
        [
          "pant",
          "pant"
        ],
        [
          "snort",
          "snort"
        ],
        [
          "wheeze",
          "wheeze"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "41 59",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 77",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 70",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to move quickly, hasten"
      ],
      "id": "en-hīgōną-gem-pro-verb-Hs~2VM5x",
      "links": [
        [
          "hasten",
          "hasten"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(possibly) to move quickly, hasten"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "possibly",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxiː.ɣɔː.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hīgōną"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Germanic class 2 weak verbs",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱeygʰ-",
    "Proto-Germanic verbs"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "hiksatjaną"
    },
    {
      "word": "hiksōną"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*hīgōn"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hīgōn\nOld English: hīgian (“to hasten, hurry”, < *hīgōjan)\nMiddle English: hyen\nEnglish: hie\nScots: hie\nOld Saxon: *hīgōn\nMiddle Low German: hîgen, hîchen; (hêgen, heigen)\nLow German: higen\nOld Dutch: *hīgon\nMiddle Dutch: hīgen, hīghen\nDutch: hijgen; hikken\nAfrikaans: hyg\nOld High German: *hīgōn (?)\n⇒? Middle High German: hecheln, hacheln (“to copulate”) (probably of different origin)\n>? German: hechen, heichen, hecheln (“to pant”) (possibly from Low German)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hīgōn\nOld English: hīgian (“to hasten, hurry”, < *hīgōjan)\nMiddle English: hyen\nEnglish: hie\nScots: hie\nOld Saxon: *hīgōn\nMiddle Low German: hîgen, hîchen; (hêgen, heigen)\nLow German: higen\nOld Dutch: *hīgon\nMiddle Dutch: hīgen, hīghen\nDutch: hijgen; hikken\nAfrikaans: hyg\nOld High German: *hīgōn (?)\n⇒? Middle High German: hecheln, hacheln (“to copulate”) (probably of different origin)\n>? German: hechen, heichen, hecheln (“to pant”) (possibly from Low German)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "*híga"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: *híga",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: *híga; (hexta)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "hike",
            "3": "hika"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: hike, hika",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: hike, hika, (hikke, hikka)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "hikke"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: hikke",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "(Norwegian Bokmål: hikke)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "hicka",
            "3": "hikja",
            "q2": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: hicka, (dialectal) hikja",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "(Swedish: hicka, (dialectal) hikja)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-scy",
            "2": "hiğa"
          },
          "expansion": "Scanian: hiğa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scanian: hiğa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "hige"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: hige",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: hige (hikke)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "hige",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: hige",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: hige"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱeygʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱey(H)gʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to move quickly, jump; swift, fierce"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱey(H)gʰ- (“to move quickly, jump; swift, fierce”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "сига́ть",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to spring, jump"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian сига́ть (sigátʹ, “to spring, jump”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*sigáti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *sigáti",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "शीघ्र",
        "t": "quick, fast",
        "tr": "śīghrá-"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit शीघ्र (śīghrá-, “quick, fast”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "cieō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "set in motion, invoke, provoke"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cieō (“set in motion, invoke, provoke”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κινέω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "move, set in motion"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κινέω (kinéō, “move, set in motion”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey(H)gʰ- (“to move quickly, jump; swift, fierce”), thereby cognate with e.g. Russian сига́ть (sigátʹ, “to spring, jump”) (Proto-Slavic *sigáti) and maybe Sanskrit शीघ्र (śīghrá-, “quick, fast”); if so, Old English may preserve the original sense. Further derived from *ḱey- (“to move”); compare Latin cieō (“set in motion, invoke, provoke”), Ancient Greek κινέω (kinéō, “move, set in motion”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-wk2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōsi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōsai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōsau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōnþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōnþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōnþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōnþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdēdį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdēz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdēdīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdēdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdēdū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdēdīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdēdudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdēdīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdēdum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdēdīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdēdud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdēdīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdēdun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdēdīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōndz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hīgōdaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hīg"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-wk2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hīgōną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to breathe (heavily), pant, snort, wheeze"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "breathe",
          "breathe"
        ],
        [
          "pant",
          "pant"
        ],
        [
          "snort",
          "snort"
        ],
        [
          "wheeze",
          "wheeze"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to move quickly, hasten"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hasten",
          "hasten"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(possibly) to move quickly, hasten"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "possibly",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxiː.ɣɔː.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hīgōną"
}

Download raw JSONL data for hīgōną meaning in Proto-Germanic (11.4kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.