See hwōstōną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hwōstōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hwōstōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hwōstōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*hwōstian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *hwōstian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *hwōstian, (hwōstan); (*hwēstan (< *hwōstijaną))"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hosten",
"alt": "hōsten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: hōsten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: hōsten; hwēsten"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "whost",
"3": "whust"
},
"expansion": "Scots: whost, whust",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: whost, whust"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "whoost",
"3": "hoost"
},
"expansion": "English: whoost, hoost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: whoost, hoost (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*hwōstia",
"3": "*hōstia"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *hwōstia, *hōstia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *hwōstia, *hōstia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "hoostje"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: hoostje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: hoostje"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "hoastje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: hoastje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: hoastje"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*hwōstōn",
"3": "*hōstōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *hwōstōn, *hōstōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *hwōstōn, *hōstōn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "hôsten"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: hôsten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: hôsten"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "hoosten"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: hoosten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: hoosten"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "hosten"
},
"expansion": "Low German: hosten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: hosten"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*huoston"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *huoston",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *huoston"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "hoesten"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: hoesten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: hoesten"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hoesten"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: hoesten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: hoesten"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "huostōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: huostōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: huostōn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "huosten"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: huosten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: huosten"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "huasdn"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian: huasdn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian: huasdn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "houschten"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: houschten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: houschten"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hósta"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hósta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hósta"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hósta"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: hósta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: hósta"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "hosta"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: hosta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: hosta"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "hoste"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: hoste",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: hoste"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "hosta",
"alt": "hōsta"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: hōsta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: hōsta"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "hosta"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: hosta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: hosta"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "hostæ",
"alt": "hōstæ"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish: hōstæ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Danish: hōstæ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "hoste"
},
"expansion": "Danish: hoste",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: hoste"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "ųosta"
},
"expansion": "Elfdalian: ųosta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Elfdalian: ųosta"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-gut",
"2": "hokste"
},
"expansion": "Gutnish: hokste",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gutnish: hokste"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "*hosten",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: *hosten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: *hosten"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "host",
"3": "hoist"
},
"expansion": "Scots: host, hoist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: host, hoist"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hoast"
},
"expansion": "English: hoast",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hoast"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷeh₂s-",
"t": "to cough"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₂s- (“to cough”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hwōstô",
"3": "*-ōną",
"id2": "denominative",
"t1": "cough"
},
"expansion": "*hwōstô (“cough”) + *-ōną",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kosėti",
"3": "kṓsēti",
"4": "to cough"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kṓsēti (“to cough”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ка́шлять",
"3": "",
"4": "to cough"
},
"expansion": "Russian ка́шлять (kášljatʹ, “to cough”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कासते",
"tr": "kā́sate"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कासते (kā́sate)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₂s- (“to cough”). Equivalent to *hwōstô (“cough”) + *-ōną. Cognate with Lithuanian kṓsēti (“to cough”), Russian ка́шлять (kášljatʹ, “to cough”), Sanskrit कासते (kā́sate).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-conj-wk2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōsai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōsau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"passive",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"passive",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōnþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōnþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōnþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōnþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōnþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōnþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōnþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōnþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdēdį̄",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdēz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdēdīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdēdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdēdū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdēdīw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdēdudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdēdīdiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdēdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdēdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdēdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdēdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdēdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdēdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōndz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hwōst"
},
"name": "gem-conj-wk2"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwōstōną",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-ōną (denominative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to cough"
],
"id": "en-hwōstōną-gem-pro-verb-mlnwbWT0",
"links": [
[
"cough",
"cough"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "hwōstô"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hwōstāną"
},
{
"word": "hwōstijaną"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxʷɔːs.tɔː.nɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "hwōstōną"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hwōstōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hwōstōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hwōstōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*hwōstian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *hwōstian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *hwōstian, (hwōstan); (*hwēstan (< *hwōstijaną))"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hosten",
"alt": "hōsten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: hōsten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: hōsten; hwēsten"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "whost",
"3": "whust"
},
"expansion": "Scots: whost, whust",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: whost, whust"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "whoost",
"3": "hoost"
},
"expansion": "English: whoost, hoost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: whoost, hoost (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*hwōstia",
"3": "*hōstia"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *hwōstia, *hōstia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *hwōstia, *hōstia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "hoostje"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: hoostje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: hoostje"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "hoastje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: hoastje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: hoastje"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*hwōstōn",
"3": "*hōstōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *hwōstōn, *hōstōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *hwōstōn, *hōstōn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "hôsten"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: hôsten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: hôsten"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "hoosten"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: hoosten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: hoosten"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "hosten"
},
"expansion": "Low German: hosten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: hosten"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*huoston"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *huoston",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *huoston"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "hoesten"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: hoesten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: hoesten"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hoesten"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: hoesten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: hoesten"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "huostōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: huostōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: huostōn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "huosten"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: huosten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: huosten"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "huasdn"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian: huasdn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian: huasdn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "houschten"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: houschten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: houschten"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hósta"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hósta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hósta"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hósta"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: hósta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: hósta"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "hosta"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: hosta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: hosta"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "hoste"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: hoste",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: hoste"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "hosta",
"alt": "hōsta"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: hōsta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: hōsta"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "hosta"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: hosta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: hosta"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "hostæ",
"alt": "hōstæ"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish: hōstæ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Danish: hōstæ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "hoste"
},
"expansion": "Danish: hoste",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: hoste"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "ųosta"
},
"expansion": "Elfdalian: ųosta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Elfdalian: ųosta"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-gut",
"2": "hokste"
},
"expansion": "Gutnish: hokste",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gutnish: hokste"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "*hosten",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: *hosten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: *hosten"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "host",
"3": "hoist"
},
"expansion": "Scots: host, hoist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: host, hoist"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hoast"
},
"expansion": "English: hoast",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hoast"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷeh₂s-",
"t": "to cough"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₂s- (“to cough”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hwōstô",
"3": "*-ōną",
"id2": "denominative",
"t1": "cough"
},
"expansion": "*hwōstô (“cough”) + *-ōną",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kosėti",
"3": "kṓsēti",
"4": "to cough"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kṓsēti (“to cough”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ка́шлять",
"3": "",
"4": "to cough"
},
"expansion": "Russian ка́шлять (kášljatʹ, “to cough”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कासते",
"tr": "kā́sate"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कासते (kā́sate)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₂s- (“to cough”). Equivalent to *hwōstô (“cough”) + *-ōną. Cognate with Lithuanian kṓsēti (“to cough”), Russian ка́шлять (kášljatʹ, “to cough”), Sanskrit कासते (kā́sate).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-conj-wk2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōsai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōsau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"passive",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"passive",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōnþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōnþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōnþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōnþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōnþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōnþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōnþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōnþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdēdį̄",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdēz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdēdīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdēdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdēdū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdēdīw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdēdudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdēdīdiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdēdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdēdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdēdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdēdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdēdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdēdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōndz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōstōdaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hwōst"
},
"name": "gem-conj-wk2"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwōstōną",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "hwōstô"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Proto-Germanic class 2 weak verbs",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-ōną (denominative)",
"Proto-Germanic verbs",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"glosses": [
"to cough"
],
"links": [
[
"cough",
"cough"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxʷɔːs.tɔː.nɑ̃/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hwōstāną"
},
{
"word": "hwōstijaną"
}
],
"word": "hwōstōną"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hwōstōną meaning in Proto-Germanic (13.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.