See hwirbilaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "whirl"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "whirl"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "wherwille"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "whirl"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "whirl"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "whorlwyl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "whirl"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "whirl"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "wherl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "whirl"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "whirl"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"sense": "merged with Old Norse hvirfill",
"word": "whirl"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "hwierfel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "whirl"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "whirl"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "wherwille"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "whirl"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "whirl"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "whorlwyl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "whirl"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "whirl"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "wherl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "whirl"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "whirl"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"sense": "merged with Old Norse hvirfill",
"word": "whirl"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"late"
],
"word": "hwyrfel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "Wavel"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "warrel"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "warle"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "hwarvel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "Warvel"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "wervel"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*hwirvil"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "wervel"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "wervel"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*wirvil"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Wirbel"
},
{
"lang": "Hunsrik",
"lang_code": "hrx",
"word": "Werrvel"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "Wirbel"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "wirbel"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "wirbil"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*hwirbil"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "hvirfill"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "kvervel"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "virvel"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"pre-1906 spelling"
],
"word": "hvirfvel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "virvel"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "virvel"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "hvirvel"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "hvirfill"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hwerbaną",
"3": "*-ilaz",
"id2": "agent noun"
},
"expansion": "*hwerbaną + *-ilaz",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *hwerbaną + *-ilaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hwirbilaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwirbilōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hwirbilōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hwirbil",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hwirbilōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hwirbilōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hwirbilą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwirbilanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hwirbilas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwirbilis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwirbilǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hwirbilai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwirbilamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hwirbilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwirbilamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwirbilaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-ilaz (agent noun)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hwirbilōną"
}
],
"glosses": [
"circle, ring, whirl"
],
"id": "en-hwirbilaz-gem-pro-noun-mUN63-6Q",
"links": [
[
"circle",
"circle"
],
[
"ring",
"ring"
],
[
"whirl",
"whirl"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxʷir.βi.lɑz/"
}
],
"word": "hwirbilaz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "hwirbilōną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "whirl"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "whirl"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "wherwille"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "whirl"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "whirl"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "whorlwyl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "whirl"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "whirl"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "wherl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "whirl"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "whirl"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"sense": "merged with Old Norse hvirfill",
"word": "whirl"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "hwierfel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "whirl"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "whirl"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "wherwille"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "whirl"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "whirl"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "whorlwyl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "whirl"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "whirl"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "wherl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "whirl"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "whirl"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"sense": "merged with Old Norse hvirfill",
"word": "whirl"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"late"
],
"word": "hwyrfel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "Wavel"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "warrel"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "warle"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "hwarvel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "Warvel"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "wervel"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*hwirvil"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "wervel"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "wervel"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*wirvil"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Wirbel"
},
{
"lang": "Hunsrik",
"lang_code": "hrx",
"word": "Werrvel"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "Wirbel"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "wirbel"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "wirbil"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*hwirbil"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "hvirfill"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "kvervel"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "virvel"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"pre-1906 spelling"
],
"word": "hvirfvel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "virvel"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "virvel"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "hvirvel"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "hvirfill"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hwerbaną",
"3": "*-ilaz",
"id2": "agent noun"
},
"expansion": "*hwerbaną + *-ilaz",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *hwerbaną + *-ilaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hwirbilaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwirbilōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hwirbilōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hwirbil",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hwirbilōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hwirbilōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hwirbilą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwirbilanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hwirbilas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwirbilis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwirbilǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hwirbilai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwirbilamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hwirbilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwirbilamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwirbilaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-ilaz (agent noun)"
],
"glosses": [
"circle, ring, whirl"
],
"links": [
[
"circle",
"circle"
],
[
"ring",
"ring"
],
[
"whirl",
"whirl"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxʷir.βi.lɑz/"
}
],
"word": "hwirbilaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hwirbilaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-10-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-10-01 using wiktextract (19bd8d3 and 1ab82da). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.