See hwōtijaną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hœta"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hœta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hœta"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hæta"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: hæta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: hæta"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "höta"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: höta",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: höta (obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "høde"
},
"expansion": "Danish: høde",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Danish: høde (obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍈𐍉𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍈𐍉𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ƕōtjan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍈𐍉𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ƕōtjan)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hwētaną",
"3": "*-janą",
"id2": "causative",
"t1": "to attack, assault"
},
"expansion": "*hwētaną (“to attack, assault”) + *-janą",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hwōtō",
"3": "*-janą",
"id2": "denominative",
"t1": "threat"
},
"expansion": "*hwōtō (“threat”) + *-janą",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to Kroonen this verb is a merger of:\n* A causative verb equivalent to *hwētaną (“to attack, assault”) + *-janą.\n* A denominative verb equivalent to *hwōtō (“threat”) + *-janą.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-conj-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijaų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtīsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijais",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijasai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijaisau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtīþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijaþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijaþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijaiþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijaiw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"passive",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijaþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijaiþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijaþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"passive",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijaim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijanþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijainþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtīþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijaiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtīþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijanþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijainþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijanþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijanþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijanþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijainþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidēdį̄",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidēz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidēdīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidēdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidēdū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidēdīw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidēdudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidēdīdiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidēdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidēdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidēdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidēdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidēdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidēdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijandz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hwōt",
"j": "ij"
},
"name": "gem-conj-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwōtijaną",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to threaten"
],
"id": "en-hwōtijaną-gem-pro-verb-osDEqR2T",
"links": [
[
"threaten",
"threaten"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to threaten"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to reprimand"
],
"id": "en-hwōtijaną-gem-pro-verb-NptVhdnN",
"links": [
[
"reprimand",
"reprimand"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to reprimand"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "/ˈxʷɔː.ti.ja.nɑ̃/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "hwōtijaną"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Proto-Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Proto-Germanic verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hœta"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hœta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hœta"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hæta"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: hæta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: hæta"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "höta"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: höta",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: höta (obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "høde"
},
"expansion": "Danish: høde",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Danish: høde (obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍈𐍉𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍈𐍉𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ƕōtjan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍈𐍉𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ƕōtjan)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hwētaną",
"3": "*-janą",
"id2": "causative",
"t1": "to attack, assault"
},
"expansion": "*hwētaną (“to attack, assault”) + *-janą",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hwōtō",
"3": "*-janą",
"id2": "denominative",
"t1": "threat"
},
"expansion": "*hwōtō (“threat”) + *-janą",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to Kroonen this verb is a merger of:\n* A causative verb equivalent to *hwētaną (“to attack, assault”) + *-janą.\n* A denominative verb equivalent to *hwōtō (“threat”) + *-janą.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-conj-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijaų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtīsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijais",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijasai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijaisau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtīþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijaþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijaþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijaiþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijaiw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"passive",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijaþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijaiþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijaþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"passive",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijaim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijanþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijainþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtīþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijaiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtīþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijanþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijainþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijanþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijanþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijanþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijainþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidēdį̄",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidēz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidēdīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidēdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidēdū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidēdīw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidēdudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidēdīdiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidēdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidēdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidēdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidēdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidēdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidēdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtijandz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hwōtidaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hwōt",
"j": "ij"
},
"name": "gem-conj-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwōtijaną",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to threaten"
],
"links": [
[
"threaten",
"threaten"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to threaten"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to reprimand"
],
"links": [
[
"reprimand",
"reprimand"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to reprimand"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "/ˈxʷɔː.ti.ja.nɑ̃/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "hwōtijaną"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hwōtijaną meaning in Proto-Germanic (8.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.