hrusǭ in Proto-Germanic

IPA: /ˈxru.sɔ̃ː/ [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *krus- (“crust”). Cognate with Latin crusta (“crust”), Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”), κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀 (xruzdra, “hard”), Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”). Etymology templates: {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*krews-|*krus-|t=crust}} Proto-Indo-European *krus- (“crust”), {{cog|la|crusta||crust}} Latin crusta (“crust”), {{cog|grc|κρύος||frost, icy cold}} Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”), {{cog|ae|𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀|t=hard}} Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀 (xruzdra, “hard”), {{cog|sa|क्रूड्||thicken, make hard}} Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”) Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-noun}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], hrusǭ [nominative, singular], hrusōniz [nominative, plural], hrusǭ [singular, vocative], hrusōniz [plural, vocative], hrusōnų [accusative, singular], hrusōnunz [accusative, plural], hrusōniz [genitive, singular], hrusōnǫ̂ [genitive, plural], hrusōni [dative, singular], hrusōmaz [dative, plural], hrusōnē [instrumental, singular], hrusōmiz [instrumental, plural]

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{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "hruse"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: hruse",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: hruse"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "hrosa",
            "3": "rosa"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: hrosa, rosa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: hrosa, rosa; hroso, roso"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*krews-",
        "4": "*krus-",
        "t": "crust"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krus- (“crust”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "crusta",
        "3": "",
        "4": "crust"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin crusta (“crust”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κρύος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "frost, icy cold"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀",
        "t": "hard"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀 (xruzdra, “hard”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "क्रूड्",
        "3": "",
        "4": "thicken, make hard"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *krus- (“crust”). Cognate with Latin crusta (“crust”), Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”), κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀 (xruzdra, “hard”), Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōn-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrusǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrusōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrusǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrusōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrusōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrusōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrusōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrusōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrusōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrusōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrusōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrusōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrusǭ",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hreusaną"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "86 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "90 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "95 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ground; crust"
      ],
      "id": "en-hrusǭ-gem-pro-noun-XcFqwZdv",
      "links": [
        [
          "ground",
          "ground"
        ],
        [
          "crust",
          "crust"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "ice"
      ],
      "id": "en-hrusǭ-gem-pro-noun-TLCyUMYl",
      "links": [
        [
          "ice",
          "ice"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxru.sɔ̃ː/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hrusǭ"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic ōn-stem nouns"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "hruse"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: hruse",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: hruse"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "hrosa",
            "3": "rosa"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: hrosa, rosa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: hrosa, rosa; hroso, roso"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*krews-",
        "4": "*krus-",
        "t": "crust"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krus- (“crust”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "crusta",
        "3": "",
        "4": "crust"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin crusta (“crust”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κρύος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "frost, icy cold"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀",
        "t": "hard"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀 (xruzdra, “hard”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "क्रूड्",
        "3": "",
        "4": "thicken, make hard"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *krus- (“crust”). Cognate with Latin crusta (“crust”), Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”), κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀 (xruzdra, “hard”), Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōn-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrusǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrusōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrusǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrusōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrusōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrusōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrusōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrusōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrusōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrusōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrusōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrusōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrusǭ",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "hreusaną"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "ground; crust"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ground",
          "ground"
        ],
        [
          "crust",
          "crust"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "ice"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ice",
          "ice"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxru.sɔ̃ː/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hrusǭ"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

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"hrusǭ" meaning in Proto-Germanic

Noun