See hrabnaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hrabn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hrabn, *hrabō\nOld English: hræfn, hrefn, hræmn, hrem, hremn, hræfen\nMiddle English: raven, reven, revin\nEnglish: raven\nScots: ravin, revin, rawin\nOld Frisian: ravan\nSaterland Frisian: Roave (possibly from Middle Low German)\nWest Frisian: raven\nOld Saxon: hravan, hraƀan, ravan\nMiddle Low German: rāven, rāve, rāvene, rāmme\nGerman Low German: Raav, Roov\nWestphalian:\nRavensbergisch: Räwe\nLippisch: Rabe\nWestmünsterländisch: Raawe, Raabe\nPlautdietsch: Rowen\nOld Dutch: ravan\nMiddle Dutch: rāven\nDutch: raaf\nOld High German: raban, hraban, hram, ram, rabo, rappo\nMiddle High German: raben, ram; rabe, rab, rappe, rapp; rauen (plural; Niederrheinisch)\nAlemannic German: Rapp\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Raab, Raaf\nLuxembourgish: Ramm\nGerman: Rabe\nRhine Franconian: Rab, Ramm, Rapp\nFrankfurterisch: [ʀɑːp]\nYiddish: ראָב (rob)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hrabn, *hrabō\nOld English: hræfn, hrefn, hræmn, hrem, hremn, hræfen\nMiddle English: raven, reven, revin\nEnglish: raven\nScots: ravin, revin, rawin\nOld Frisian: ravan\nSaterland Frisian: Roave (possibly from Middle Low German)\nWest Frisian: raven\nOld Saxon: hravan, hraƀan, ravan\nMiddle Low German: rāven, rāve, rāvene, rāmme\nGerman Low German: Raav, Roov\nWestphalian:\nRavensbergisch: Räwe\nLippisch: Rabe\nWestmünsterländisch: Raawe, Raabe\nPlautdietsch: Rowen\nOld Dutch: ravan\nMiddle Dutch: rāven\nDutch: raaf\nOld High German: raban, hraban, hram, ram, rabo, rappo\nMiddle High German: raben, ram; rabe, rab, rappe, rapp; rauen (plural; Niederrheinisch)\nAlemannic German: Rapp\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Raab, Raaf\nLuxembourgish: Ramm\nGerman: Rabe\nRhine Franconian: Rab, Ramm, Rapp\nFrankfurterisch: [ʀɑːp]\nYiddish: ראָב (rob)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "ᚺᚨᚱᚨᛒᚨᚾᚨᛉ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: ᚺᚨᚱᚨᛒᚨᚾᚨᛉ (harabanaʀ)\nOld Norse: hrafn, hramn\nIcelandic: hrafn\nFaroese: ravnur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: ramn, (dialectal) rabn, rabm, ravn\nOld Swedish: ramn, rampn, rafn\nSwedish: ramn, ramm (dialectal)\nOld Danish: rafn\nDanish: ravn\nNorwegian Bokmål: ravn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: ᚺᚨᚱᚨᛒᚨᚾᚨᛉ (harabanaʀ)\nOld Norse: hrafn, hramn\nIcelandic: hrafn\nFaroese: ravnur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: ramn, (dialectal) rabn, rabm, ravn\nOld Swedish: ramn, rampn, rafn\nSwedish: ramn, ramm (dialectal)\nOld Danish: rafn\nDanish: ravn\nNorwegian Bokmål: ravn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeia"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "korp"
},
"expansion": "Swedish korp",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱer-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱer-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "corvus"
},
"expansion": "Latin corvus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*śárˀkāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *śárˀkāˀ",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *krobʰ-no-s, from a root *krobʰ- likely of onomatopoeic origin, similar to that of various words for corvids in various languages; compare Swedish korp.\nOlder theories derived the word from a root Proto-Indo-European *ḱer-, whence also Latin corvus, Proto-Balto-Slavic *śárˀkāˀ. Regardless, these words share the same sound-symbolic logic as the Germanic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hrabnaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrabnōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrabnōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrabn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hrabnōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hrabnōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hrabną",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrabnanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrabnas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrabnis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrabnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrabnai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrabnamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrabnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrabnamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrabnaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"raven"
],
"id": "en-hrabnaz-gem-pro-noun-CSzaOQtH",
"links": [
[
"raven",
"raven"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxrɑβ.nɑz/"
}
],
"word": "hrabnaz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hrabn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hrabn, *hrabō\nOld English: hræfn, hrefn, hræmn, hrem, hremn, hræfen\nMiddle English: raven, reven, revin\nEnglish: raven\nScots: ravin, revin, rawin\nOld Frisian: ravan\nSaterland Frisian: Roave (possibly from Middle Low German)\nWest Frisian: raven\nOld Saxon: hravan, hraƀan, ravan\nMiddle Low German: rāven, rāve, rāvene, rāmme\nGerman Low German: Raav, Roov\nWestphalian:\nRavensbergisch: Räwe\nLippisch: Rabe\nWestmünsterländisch: Raawe, Raabe\nPlautdietsch: Rowen\nOld Dutch: ravan\nMiddle Dutch: rāven\nDutch: raaf\nOld High German: raban, hraban, hram, ram, rabo, rappo\nMiddle High German: raben, ram; rabe, rab, rappe, rapp; rauen (plural; Niederrheinisch)\nAlemannic German: Rapp\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Raab, Raaf\nLuxembourgish: Ramm\nGerman: Rabe\nRhine Franconian: Rab, Ramm, Rapp\nFrankfurterisch: [ʀɑːp]\nYiddish: ראָב (rob)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hrabn, *hrabō\nOld English: hræfn, hrefn, hræmn, hrem, hremn, hræfen\nMiddle English: raven, reven, revin\nEnglish: raven\nScots: ravin, revin, rawin\nOld Frisian: ravan\nSaterland Frisian: Roave (possibly from Middle Low German)\nWest Frisian: raven\nOld Saxon: hravan, hraƀan, ravan\nMiddle Low German: rāven, rāve, rāvene, rāmme\nGerman Low German: Raav, Roov\nWestphalian:\nRavensbergisch: Räwe\nLippisch: Rabe\nWestmünsterländisch: Raawe, Raabe\nPlautdietsch: Rowen\nOld Dutch: ravan\nMiddle Dutch: rāven\nDutch: raaf\nOld High German: raban, hraban, hram, ram, rabo, rappo\nMiddle High German: raben, ram; rabe, rab, rappe, rapp; rauen (plural; Niederrheinisch)\nAlemannic German: Rapp\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Raab, Raaf\nLuxembourgish: Ramm\nGerman: Rabe\nRhine Franconian: Rab, Ramm, Rapp\nFrankfurterisch: [ʀɑːp]\nYiddish: ראָב (rob)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "ᚺᚨᚱᚨᛒᚨᚾᚨᛉ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: ᚺᚨᚱᚨᛒᚨᚾᚨᛉ (harabanaʀ)\nOld Norse: hrafn, hramn\nIcelandic: hrafn\nFaroese: ravnur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: ramn, (dialectal) rabn, rabm, ravn\nOld Swedish: ramn, rampn, rafn\nSwedish: ramn, ramm (dialectal)\nOld Danish: rafn\nDanish: ravn\nNorwegian Bokmål: ravn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: ᚺᚨᚱᚨᛒᚨᚾᚨᛉ (harabanaʀ)\nOld Norse: hrafn, hramn\nIcelandic: hrafn\nFaroese: ravnur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: ramn, (dialectal) rabn, rabm, ravn\nOld Swedish: ramn, rampn, rafn\nSwedish: ramn, ramm (dialectal)\nOld Danish: rafn\nDanish: ravn\nNorwegian Bokmål: ravn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeia"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "korp"
},
"expansion": "Swedish korp",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱer-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱer-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "corvus"
},
"expansion": "Latin corvus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*śárˀkāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *śárˀkāˀ",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *krobʰ-no-s, from a root *krobʰ- likely of onomatopoeic origin, similar to that of various words for corvids in various languages; compare Swedish korp.\nOlder theories derived the word from a root Proto-Indo-European *ḱer-, whence also Latin corvus, Proto-Balto-Slavic *śárˀkāˀ. Regardless, these words share the same sound-symbolic logic as the Germanic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hrabnaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrabnōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrabnōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrabn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hrabnōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hrabnōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hrabną",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrabnanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrabnas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrabnis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrabnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrabnai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrabnamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrabnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrabnamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrabnaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic onomatopoeias",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"gem-pro:Corvids"
],
"glosses": [
"raven"
],
"links": [
[
"raven",
"raven"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxrɑβ.nɑz/"
}
],
"word": "hrabnaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hrabnaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.