See hrōkaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hrōk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hrōk\nOld English: hrōc\nMiddle English: roc, roke, rook\nScots: ruke, ruik\nEnglish: rook\nOld Frisian:\nSaterland Frisian: Rouk\nWest Frisian: roek\nOld Saxon: hrōk\nMiddle Low German: rôk, rôke\nGerman Low German: Rook\nLow German: rok\nOld Dutch: *ruok\nMiddle Dutch: roec\nDutch: roek\nOld High German: hruoh, ruoh; hruoho, ruoho\nMiddle High German: ruoch\nGerman: Ruch\n→ Vulgar Latin: *frocum (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hrōk\nOld English: hrōc\nMiddle English: roc, roke, rook\nScots: ruke, ruik\nEnglish: rook\nOld Frisian:\nSaterland Frisian: Rouk\nWest Frisian: roek\nOld Saxon: hrōk\nMiddle Low German: rôk, rôke\nGerman Low German: Rook\nLow German: rok\nOld Dutch: *ruok\nMiddle Dutch: roec\nDutch: roek\nOld High German: hruoh, ruoh; hruoho, ruoho\nMiddle High German: ruoch\nGerman: Ruch\n→ Vulgar Latin: *frocum (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hrókr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hrókr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hrókr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hrókur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: hrókur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: hrókur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "rókur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: rókur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: rókur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "rok"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: rok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: rok"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "roker",
"3": "roka"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: roker, roka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: roker, roka"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "råka"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: råka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: råka"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "råge"
},
"expansion": "Danish: råge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: råge"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-bur",
"2": "hrōks"
},
"expansion": "Burgundian: hrōks",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "in personal names"
},
"expansion": "(in personal names)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Burgundian: hrōks (in personal names)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kreg-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kreg-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ker-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ker-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *kreg-, *krek-, *kerk- (“to crow, croak”), from Proto-Indo-European *ker-, *kor- (“to crow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōkaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōkōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōkōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōkōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōkōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōką",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōkanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōkas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōkis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōkǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōkai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōkamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōkamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrōkaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rook, crow"
],
"id": "en-hrōkaz-gem-pro-noun-RTdrXM4N",
"links": [
[
"rook",
"rook"
],
[
"crow",
"crow"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxrɔː.kɑz/"
}
],
"word": "hrōkaz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hrōk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hrōk\nOld English: hrōc\nMiddle English: roc, roke, rook\nScots: ruke, ruik\nEnglish: rook\nOld Frisian:\nSaterland Frisian: Rouk\nWest Frisian: roek\nOld Saxon: hrōk\nMiddle Low German: rôk, rôke\nGerman Low German: Rook\nLow German: rok\nOld Dutch: *ruok\nMiddle Dutch: roec\nDutch: roek\nOld High German: hruoh, ruoh; hruoho, ruoho\nMiddle High German: ruoch\nGerman: Ruch\n→ Vulgar Latin: *frocum (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hrōk\nOld English: hrōc\nMiddle English: roc, roke, rook\nScots: ruke, ruik\nEnglish: rook\nOld Frisian:\nSaterland Frisian: Rouk\nWest Frisian: roek\nOld Saxon: hrōk\nMiddle Low German: rôk, rôke\nGerman Low German: Rook\nLow German: rok\nOld Dutch: *ruok\nMiddle Dutch: roec\nDutch: roek\nOld High German: hruoh, ruoh; hruoho, ruoho\nMiddle High German: ruoch\nGerman: Ruch\n→ Vulgar Latin: *frocum (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hrókr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hrókr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hrókr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hrókur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: hrókur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: hrókur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "rókur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: rókur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: rókur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "rok"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: rok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: rok"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "roker",
"3": "roka"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: roker, roka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: roker, roka"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "råka"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: råka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: råka"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "råge"
},
"expansion": "Danish: råge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: råge"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-bur",
"2": "hrōks"
},
"expansion": "Burgundian: hrōks",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "in personal names"
},
"expansion": "(in personal names)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Burgundian: hrōks (in personal names)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kreg-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kreg-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ker-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ker-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *kreg-, *krek-, *kerk- (“to crow, croak”), from Proto-Indo-European *ker-, *kor- (“to crow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōkaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōkōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōkōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōkōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōkōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōką",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōkanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōkas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōkis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōkǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōkai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōkamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōkamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrōkaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"gem-pro:Corvids"
],
"glosses": [
"rook, crow"
],
"links": [
[
"rook",
"rook"
],
[
"crow",
"crow"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxrɔː.kɑz/"
}
],
"word": "hrōkaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hrōkaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.