See hrōfą in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hrōf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hrōf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hrōf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hrōf"
},
"expansion": "Old English: hrōf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: hrōf"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rof",
"3": "roof",
"4": "ruffe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: rof, roof, ruffe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: rof, roof, ruffe"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "roof"
},
"expansion": "English: roof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: roof"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ruf",
"3": "ruif"
},
"expansion": "Scots: ruf, ruif",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: ruf, ruif"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "hrōf"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: hrōf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: hrōf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*hrōf"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *hrōf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *hrōf"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "rôf"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: rôf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: rôf"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Roof"
},
"expansion": "Low German: Roof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: Roof"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Roof",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Roof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Roof"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*ruof"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *ruof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *ruof"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "roef",
"3": "rouf"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: roef, rouf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: roef, rouf"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "roef"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: roef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: roef"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "rouf",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: rouf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: rouf"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "ruff",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: ruff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: ruff"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ruff",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: ruff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: ruff"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ruf",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: ruf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: ruf"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rúff",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Icelandic: rúff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Icelandic: rúff"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "ruff",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Faroese: ruff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Faroese: ruff"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ruof"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: ruof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: ruof"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hróf"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hróf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hróf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hróf"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: hróf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: hróf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "rógv"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: rógv",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: rógv (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "rov",
"alt": "rōv",
"t": "collapsed building"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: rōv (“collapsed building”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "likely merged with <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*rubą</i>"
},
"expansion": "(likely merged with *rubą)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: rōv (“collapsed building”) (likely merged with *rubą)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "rogh",
"alt": "rōgh"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: rōgh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: rōgh"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ro"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: ro",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: ro (dialectal)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krāpo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krāpo-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krāwə-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cover, heap"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krāwə- (“to cover, heap”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cró",
"3": "",
"4": "pen, barn, cabin"
},
"expansion": "Irish cró (“pen, barn, cabin”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*stropъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *stropъ",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *krāpo-, *ḱrapo- (“roof”), from Proto-Indo-European *krāwə- (“to cover, heap”).\nCognate with Irish cró (“pen, barn, cabin”), Proto-Slavic *stropъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōfą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōfō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōfą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōfō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōfą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōfō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōfas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōfis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōfǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōfai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōfamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōfō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōfamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrōfą",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"roof"
],
"id": "en-hrōfą-gem-pro-noun-0aDW9HB0",
"links": [
[
"roof",
"roof"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*hrōtą"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "hrōfą"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hrōf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hrōf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hrōf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hrōf"
},
"expansion": "Old English: hrōf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: hrōf"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rof",
"3": "roof",
"4": "ruffe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: rof, roof, ruffe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: rof, roof, ruffe"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "roof"
},
"expansion": "English: roof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: roof"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ruf",
"3": "ruif"
},
"expansion": "Scots: ruf, ruif",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: ruf, ruif"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "hrōf"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: hrōf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: hrōf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*hrōf"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *hrōf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *hrōf"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "rôf"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: rôf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: rôf"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Roof"
},
"expansion": "Low German: Roof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: Roof"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Roof",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Roof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Roof"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*ruof"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *ruof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *ruof"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "roef",
"3": "rouf"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: roef, rouf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: roef, rouf"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "roef"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: roef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: roef"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "rouf",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: rouf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: rouf"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "ruff",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: ruff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: ruff"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ruff",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: ruff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: ruff"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ruf",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: ruf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: ruf"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rúff",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Icelandic: rúff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Icelandic: rúff"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "ruff",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Faroese: ruff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Faroese: ruff"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ruof"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: ruof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: ruof"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hróf"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hróf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hróf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hróf"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: hróf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: hróf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "rógv"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: rógv",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: rógv (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "rov",
"alt": "rōv",
"t": "collapsed building"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: rōv (“collapsed building”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "likely merged with <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*rubą</i>"
},
"expansion": "(likely merged with *rubą)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: rōv (“collapsed building”) (likely merged with *rubą)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "rogh",
"alt": "rōgh"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: rōgh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: rōgh"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ro"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: ro",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: ro (dialectal)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krāpo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krāpo-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krāwə-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cover, heap"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krāwə- (“to cover, heap”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cró",
"3": "",
"4": "pen, barn, cabin"
},
"expansion": "Irish cró (“pen, barn, cabin”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*stropъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *stropъ",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *krāpo-, *ḱrapo- (“roof”), from Proto-Indo-European *krāwə- (“to cover, heap”).\nCognate with Irish cró (“pen, barn, cabin”), Proto-Slavic *stropъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōfą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōfō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōfą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōfō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōfą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōfō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōfas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōfis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōfǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōfai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōfamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōfō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōfamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrōfą",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"gem-pro:Architecture"
],
"glosses": [
"roof"
],
"links": [
[
"roof",
"roof"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*hrōtą"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "hrōfą"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hrōfą meaning in Proto-Germanic (7.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.