"hnawwaz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See hnawwaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈxnɑw.wɑz/
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *knew- (“to scrape; scratch; rub”). Etymology templates: {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*knew-|t=to scrape; scratch; rub}} Proto-Indo-European *knew- (“to scrape; scratch; rub”) Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-adj-a|hnaww}}, {{gem-decl-adj-table2|*hnawwaz|*hnawwanǭ|*hnawwas, -is|*hnawwammai|*hnawwanō|*hnawwai|*hnawwanz|*hnawwaizǫ̂|*hnawwaimaz|*hnawwaimiz|*hnawwō|*hnawwǭ|*hnawwaizōz|*hnawwaizōi|*hnawwaizō|*hnawwôz|*hnawwōz|*hnawwaizǫ̂|*hnawwaimaz|*hnawwaimiz|*hnawwą, -atō|*hnawwą, -atō|*hnawwas, -is|*hnawwammai|*hnawwanō|*hnawwō|*hnawwō|*hnawwaizǫ̂|*hnawwaimaz|*hnawwaimiz|*hnawwô|*hnawwanų|*hnawwiniz|*hnawwini|*hnawwinē|*hnawwaniz|*hnawwanunz|*hnawwanǫ̂|*hnawwammaz|*hnawwammiz|*hnawwǭ|*hnawwōnų|*hnawwōniz|*hnawwōni|*hnawwōnē|*hnawwōniz|*hnawwōnunz|*hnawwōnǫ̂|*hnawwōmaz|*hnawwōmiz|*hnawwô|*hnawwô|*hnawwiniz|*hnawwini|*hnawwinē|*hnawwōnō|*hnawwōnō|*hnawwanǫ̂|*hnawwammaz|*hnawwammiz|title=*hnawwaz (a-stem)}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], hnawwaz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], hnawwai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], hnawwō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], hnawwôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], hnawwą [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], hnawwō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], hnawwanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], hnawwanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], hnawwǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], hnawwōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], hnawwą [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], hnawwō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], hnawwas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], hnawwaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], hnawwaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], hnawwaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], hnawwas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], hnawwaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], hnawwammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], hnawwaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], hnawwaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], hnawwaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], hnawwammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], hnawwaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], hnawwanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], hnawwaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], hnawwaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], hnawwaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], hnawwanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], hnawwaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], hnawwô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], hnawwaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], hnawwǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], hnawwōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], hnawwô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], hnawwōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], hnawwanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], hnawwanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], hnawwōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], hnawwōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], hnawwô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], hnawwōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], hnawwiniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], hnawwanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], hnawwōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], hnawwōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], hnawwiniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], hnawwanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], hnawwini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], hnawwammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], hnawwōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], hnawwōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], hnawwini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], hnawwammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], hnawwinē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], hnawwammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], hnawwōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], hnawwōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], hnawwinē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], hnawwammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. tight; narrow Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-hnawwaz-gem-pro-adj-olAFv3HA
  2. sparse; meager; lean; scarce Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-hnawwaz-gem-pro-adj-t2x4q4Pt Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 0 100 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 100 Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 4 96
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: hnawwuz Related terms: hnēwwaz, hnewwaną
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "hnēaw"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: hnēaw",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: hnēaw"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "*nāu"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: *nāu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: *nāu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "stq",
            "2": "nau"
          },
          "expansion": "Saterland Frisian: nau",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Saterland Frisian: nau"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "nau"
          },
          "expansion": "West Frisian: nau",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "West Frisian: nau"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*hnauw"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *hnauw",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *hnauw"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "nouwe",
            "3": "nau"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: nouwe, nau",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: nouwe, nau"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds-de",
            "2": "nau"
          },
          "expansion": "German Low German: nau",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German Low German: nau"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "genouwe",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Middle Low German: genouwe",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Middle Low German: genouwe"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds-de",
            "2": "genau",
            "3": "jenaif<q:regional Low Prussian (Danziger Nehrung mit dem nördlichen Teil des Werders)>"
          },
          "expansion": "German Low German: genau, (regional Low Prussian (Danziger Nehrung mit dem nördlichen Teil des Werders)) jenaif",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German Low German: genau, (regional Low Prussian (Danziger Nehrung mit dem nördlichen Teil des Werders)) jenaif"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "stq",
            "2": "gnau",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Saterland Frisian: gnau",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Saterland Frisian: gnau"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*nauw"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *nauw",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *nauw"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "nauwe"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: nauwe",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: nauwe"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "nauw"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: nauw",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: nauw"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "nou"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: nou",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: nou"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "*hnouw",
            "3": "*nouw"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: *hnouw, *nouw",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: *hnouw, *nouw"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "nouwe",
            "3": "nou"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: nouwe, nou",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: nouwe, nou"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "genouwe",
            "3": "genoue",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Middle High German: genouwe, genoue",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Middle High German: genouwe, genoue"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "genau"
          },
          "expansion": "German: genau",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: genau"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "hnøggr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: hnøggr\nIcelandic: hnöggur\nNorwegian: nøgg\nSwedish: njugg\n→ Middle English: nig, nigard\nEnglish: niggard\nScots: negart, niggard",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: hnøggr\nIcelandic: hnöggur\nNorwegian: nøgg\nSwedish: njugg\n→ Middle English: nig, nigard\nEnglish: niggard\nScots: negart, niggard"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*knew-",
        "t": "to scrape; scratch; rub"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *knew- (“to scrape; scratch; rub”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *knew- (“to scrape; scratch; rub”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hnaww"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*hnawwaz",
        "10": "*hnawwaimiz",
        "11": "*hnawwō",
        "12": "*hnawwǭ",
        "13": "*hnawwaizōz",
        "14": "*hnawwaizōi",
        "15": "*hnawwaizō",
        "16": "*hnawwôz",
        "17": "*hnawwōz",
        "18": "*hnawwaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*hnawwaimaz",
        "2": "*hnawwanǭ",
        "20": "*hnawwaimiz",
        "21": "*hnawwą, -atō",
        "22": "*hnawwą, -atō",
        "23": "*hnawwas, -is",
        "24": "*hnawwammai",
        "25": "*hnawwanō",
        "26": "*hnawwō",
        "27": "*hnawwō",
        "28": "*hnawwaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*hnawwaimaz",
        "3": "*hnawwas, -is",
        "30": "*hnawwaimiz",
        "31": "*hnawwô",
        "32": "*hnawwanų",
        "33": "*hnawwiniz",
        "34": "*hnawwini",
        "35": "*hnawwinē",
        "36": "*hnawwaniz",
        "37": "*hnawwanunz",
        "38": "*hnawwanǫ̂",
        "39": "*hnawwammaz",
        "4": "*hnawwammai",
        "40": "*hnawwammiz",
        "41": "*hnawwǭ",
        "42": "*hnawwōnų",
        "43": "*hnawwōniz",
        "44": "*hnawwōni",
        "45": "*hnawwōnē",
        "46": "*hnawwōniz",
        "47": "*hnawwōnunz",
        "48": "*hnawwōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*hnawwōmaz",
        "5": "*hnawwanō",
        "50": "*hnawwōmiz",
        "51": "*hnawwô",
        "52": "*hnawwô",
        "53": "*hnawwiniz",
        "54": "*hnawwini",
        "55": "*hnawwinē",
        "56": "*hnawwōnō",
        "57": "*hnawwōnō",
        "58": "*hnawwanǫ̂",
        "59": "*hnawwammaz",
        "6": "*hnawwai",
        "60": "*hnawwammiz",
        "7": "*hnawwanz",
        "8": "*hnawwaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*hnawwaimaz",
        "title": "*hnawwaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnawwaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hnēwwaz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hnewwaną"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "tight; narrow"
      ],
      "id": "en-hnawwaz-gem-pro-adj-olAFv3HA",
      "links": [
        [
          "tight",
          "tight"
        ],
        [
          "narrow",
          "narrow"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 96",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sparse; meager; lean; scarce"
      ],
      "id": "en-hnawwaz-gem-pro-adj-t2x4q4Pt",
      "links": [
        [
          "sparse",
          "sparse"
        ],
        [
          "meager",
          "meager"
        ],
        [
          "lean",
          "lean"
        ],
        [
          "scarce",
          "scarce"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxnɑw.wɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hnawwuz"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hnawwaz"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "hnēaw"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: hnēaw",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: hnēaw"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "*nāu"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: *nāu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: *nāu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "stq",
            "2": "nau"
          },
          "expansion": "Saterland Frisian: nau",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Saterland Frisian: nau"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "nau"
          },
          "expansion": "West Frisian: nau",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "West Frisian: nau"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*hnauw"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *hnauw",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *hnauw"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "nouwe",
            "3": "nau"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: nouwe, nau",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: nouwe, nau"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds-de",
            "2": "nau"
          },
          "expansion": "German Low German: nau",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German Low German: nau"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "genouwe",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Middle Low German: genouwe",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Middle Low German: genouwe"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds-de",
            "2": "genau",
            "3": "jenaif<q:regional Low Prussian (Danziger Nehrung mit dem nördlichen Teil des Werders)>"
          },
          "expansion": "German Low German: genau, (regional Low Prussian (Danziger Nehrung mit dem nördlichen Teil des Werders)) jenaif",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German Low German: genau, (regional Low Prussian (Danziger Nehrung mit dem nördlichen Teil des Werders)) jenaif"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "stq",
            "2": "gnau",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Saterland Frisian: gnau",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Saterland Frisian: gnau"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*nauw"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *nauw",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *nauw"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "nauwe"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: nauwe",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: nauwe"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "nauw"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: nauw",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: nauw"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "nou"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: nou",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: nou"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "*hnouw",
            "3": "*nouw"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: *hnouw, *nouw",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: *hnouw, *nouw"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "nouwe",
            "3": "nou"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: nouwe, nou",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: nouwe, nou"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "genouwe",
            "3": "genoue",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Middle High German: genouwe, genoue",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Middle High German: genouwe, genoue"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "genau"
          },
          "expansion": "German: genau",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: genau"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "hnøggr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: hnøggr\nIcelandic: hnöggur\nNorwegian: nøgg\nSwedish: njugg\n→ Middle English: nig, nigard\nEnglish: niggard\nScots: negart, niggard",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: hnøggr\nIcelandic: hnöggur\nNorwegian: nøgg\nSwedish: njugg\n→ Middle English: nig, nigard\nEnglish: niggard\nScots: negart, niggard"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*knew-",
        "t": "to scrape; scratch; rub"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *knew- (“to scrape; scratch; rub”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *knew- (“to scrape; scratch; rub”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnawwammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hnaww"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*hnawwaz",
        "10": "*hnawwaimiz",
        "11": "*hnawwō",
        "12": "*hnawwǭ",
        "13": "*hnawwaizōz",
        "14": "*hnawwaizōi",
        "15": "*hnawwaizō",
        "16": "*hnawwôz",
        "17": "*hnawwōz",
        "18": "*hnawwaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*hnawwaimaz",
        "2": "*hnawwanǭ",
        "20": "*hnawwaimiz",
        "21": "*hnawwą, -atō",
        "22": "*hnawwą, -atō",
        "23": "*hnawwas, -is",
        "24": "*hnawwammai",
        "25": "*hnawwanō",
        "26": "*hnawwō",
        "27": "*hnawwō",
        "28": "*hnawwaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*hnawwaimaz",
        "3": "*hnawwas, -is",
        "30": "*hnawwaimiz",
        "31": "*hnawwô",
        "32": "*hnawwanų",
        "33": "*hnawwiniz",
        "34": "*hnawwini",
        "35": "*hnawwinē",
        "36": "*hnawwaniz",
        "37": "*hnawwanunz",
        "38": "*hnawwanǫ̂",
        "39": "*hnawwammaz",
        "4": "*hnawwammai",
        "40": "*hnawwammiz",
        "41": "*hnawwǭ",
        "42": "*hnawwōnų",
        "43": "*hnawwōniz",
        "44": "*hnawwōni",
        "45": "*hnawwōnē",
        "46": "*hnawwōniz",
        "47": "*hnawwōnunz",
        "48": "*hnawwōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*hnawwōmaz",
        "5": "*hnawwanō",
        "50": "*hnawwōmiz",
        "51": "*hnawwô",
        "52": "*hnawwô",
        "53": "*hnawwiniz",
        "54": "*hnawwini",
        "55": "*hnawwinē",
        "56": "*hnawwōnō",
        "57": "*hnawwōnō",
        "58": "*hnawwanǫ̂",
        "59": "*hnawwammaz",
        "6": "*hnawwai",
        "60": "*hnawwammiz",
        "7": "*hnawwanz",
        "8": "*hnawwaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*hnawwaimaz",
        "title": "*hnawwaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnawwaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "hnēwwaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "hnewwaną"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "tight; narrow"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "tight",
          "tight"
        ],
        [
          "narrow",
          "narrow"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "sparse; meager; lean; scarce"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sparse",
          "sparse"
        ],
        [
          "meager",
          "meager"
        ],
        [
          "lean",
          "lean"
        ],
        [
          "scarce",
          "scarce"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxnɑw.wɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "hnawwuz"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hnawwaz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for hnawwaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (12.6kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.