See hlaibaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hlaibawardaz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "lōph",
"word": "লোফ"
},
{
"lang": "Marshallese",
"lang_code": "mh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ļoob"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lofa"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "loaf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "laif"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "lof"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "lōph",
"word": "লোফ"
},
{
"lang": "Marshallese",
"lang_code": "mh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ļoob"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lofa"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "loaf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "laif"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "lofe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "lōph",
"word": "লোফ"
},
{
"lang": "Marshallese",
"lang_code": "mh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ļoob"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lofa"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "loaf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "laif"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "loff"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "lōph",
"word": "লোফ"
},
{
"lang": "Marshallese",
"lang_code": "mh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ļoob"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lofa"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "loaf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "laif"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "loof"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "lōph",
"word": "লোফ"
},
{
"lang": "Marshallese",
"lang_code": "mh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ļoob"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lofa"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "loaf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "laif"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "looffe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "lōph",
"word": "লোফ"
},
{
"lang": "Marshallese",
"lang_code": "mh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ļoob"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lofa"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "loaf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "laif"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "love"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "lōph",
"word": "লোফ"
},
{
"lang": "Marshallese",
"lang_code": "mh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ļoob"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
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"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lofa"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "loaf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "laif"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "hlaf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
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"borrowed"
],
"roman": "lōph",
"word": "লোফ"
},
{
"lang": "Marshallese",
"lang_code": "mh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ļoob"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lofa"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "loaf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "laif"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"Early Middle English"
],
"word": "laf"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "hlāf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "luffe"
},
{
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"word": "liaf"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "hlēf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "klepe"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*hlēf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
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"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "klepe"
}
],
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"word": "*hlēfa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bavarian",
"lang_code": "bar",
"word": "Loab"
},
{
"lang": "Central Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-cfr",
"raw_tags": [
"only Siegerland"
],
"word": "Laif"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Laib"
},
{
"lang": "Rhine Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
"word": "Lääb"
},
{
"lang": "Rhine Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
"word": "Laab"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "leip"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "hleib"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
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{
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"lang_code": "bar",
"word": "Loab"
},
{
"lang": "Central Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-cfr",
"raw_tags": [
"only Siegerland"
],
"word": "Laif"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Laib"
},
{
"lang": "Rhine Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
"word": "Lääb"
},
{
"lang": "Rhine Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
"word": "Laab"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "leip"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "leib"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bavarian",
"lang_code": "bar",
"word": "Loab"
},
{
"lang": "Central Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-cfr",
"raw_tags": [
"only Siegerland"
],
"word": "Laif"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Laib"
},
{
"lang": "Rhine Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
"word": "Lääb"
},
{
"lang": "Rhine Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
"word": "Laab"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "leip"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "leip"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bavarian",
"lang_code": "bar",
"word": "Loab"
},
{
"lang": "Central Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-cfr",
"raw_tags": [
"only Siegerland"
],
"word": "Laif"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Laib"
},
{
"lang": "Rhine Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
"word": "Lääb"
},
{
"lang": "Rhine Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
"word": "Laab"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "leip"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "hlaiba"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bavarian",
"lang_code": "bar",
"word": "Loab"
},
{
"lang": "Central Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-cfr",
"raw_tags": [
"only Siegerland"
],
"word": "Laif"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Laib"
},
{
"lang": "Rhine Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
"word": "Lääb"
},
{
"lang": "Rhine Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
"word": "Laab"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "leip"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "laiba"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*hlaib"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "hleifur"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "leivur"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"word": "leiv"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "lev"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "lēver"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "lev"
}
],
"lang": "Old Danish",
"lang_code": "gmq-oda",
"word": "lev"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "hleifr"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*xlěbъ"
}
],
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "hlaifs",
"word": "𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*xlěbъ"
}
],
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "hlaibs",
"word": "𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐍃"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Samic",
"lang_code": "smi-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*lājpē"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*laipa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"id": "bread"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "unclear",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "unclear",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "klàips",
"t": "loaf"
},
"expansion": "Latvian klàips (“loaf”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kliẽpas",
"t": "loaf"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kliẽpas (“loaf”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kʷel-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷel-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of unclear origin. The word could have been borrowed from an unknown language or constructed from native material in late Proto-Germanic. It has been connected by Walde 1910 to the Ancient Greek words κλίβανος (klíbanos), κρίβανος (kríbanos, “baker's oven; pan with a lid for baking bread”) and κλιβανίτης (klibanítēs, “bread baked in a κλίβανος”), which according to Beekes is probably a borrowing from an unknown substrate language. The Germanic word could well have been borrowed from the same source. If so, it would be an early borrowing, since the word then apparently displays the effects of Grimm's Law.\nCompare Latvian klàips (“loaf”), Lithuanian kliẽpas (“loaf”). Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- is suggested as their origin, owing to the fact that the earliest flatbreads were disk-shaped. The Proto-Germanic word could have been borrowed from Balto-Slavic or vice versa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlaibaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"bread"
],
"id": "en-hlaibaz-gem-pro-noun-mFYEwrYC",
"links": [
[
"bread",
"bread"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"loaf"
],
"id": "en-hlaibaz-gem-pro-noun-3AuojyCm",
"links": [
[
"loaf",
"loaf"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxlɑi̯.βɑz/"
}
],
"word": "hlaibaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from substrate languages",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hlaibawardaz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "lōph",
"word": "লোফ"
},
{
"lang": "Marshallese",
"lang_code": "mh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ļoob"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lofa"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "loaf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "laif"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "lof"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "lōph",
"word": "লোফ"
},
{
"lang": "Marshallese",
"lang_code": "mh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ļoob"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lofa"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "loaf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "laif"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "lofe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "lōph",
"word": "লোফ"
},
{
"lang": "Marshallese",
"lang_code": "mh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ļoob"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lofa"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "loaf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "laif"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "loff"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "lōph",
"word": "লোফ"
},
{
"lang": "Marshallese",
"lang_code": "mh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ļoob"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lofa"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "loaf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "laif"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "loof"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "lōph",
"word": "লোফ"
},
{
"lang": "Marshallese",
"lang_code": "mh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ļoob"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lofa"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "loaf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "laif"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "looffe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "lōph",
"word": "লোফ"
},
{
"lang": "Marshallese",
"lang_code": "mh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ļoob"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lofa"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "loaf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "laif"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "love"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "lōph",
"word": "লোফ"
},
{
"lang": "Marshallese",
"lang_code": "mh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ļoob"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lofa"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "loaf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "laif"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "hlaf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "lōph",
"word": "লোফ"
},
{
"lang": "Marshallese",
"lang_code": "mh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ļoob"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "loff"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lofa"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "loaf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "laif"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"Early Middle English"
],
"word": "laf"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "hlāf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "luffe"
},
{
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"word": "liaf"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "hlēf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "klepe"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*hlēf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "klepe"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*hlēfa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bavarian",
"lang_code": "bar",
"word": "Loab"
},
{
"lang": "Central Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-cfr",
"raw_tags": [
"only Siegerland"
],
"word": "Laif"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Laib"
},
{
"lang": "Rhine Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
"word": "Lääb"
},
{
"lang": "Rhine Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
"word": "Laab"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "leip"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "hleib"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bavarian",
"lang_code": "bar",
"word": "Loab"
},
{
"lang": "Central Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-cfr",
"raw_tags": [
"only Siegerland"
],
"word": "Laif"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Laib"
},
{
"lang": "Rhine Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
"word": "Lääb"
},
{
"lang": "Rhine Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
"word": "Laab"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "leip"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "leib"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bavarian",
"lang_code": "bar",
"word": "Loab"
},
{
"lang": "Central Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-cfr",
"raw_tags": [
"only Siegerland"
],
"word": "Laif"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Laib"
},
{
"lang": "Rhine Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
"word": "Lääb"
},
{
"lang": "Rhine Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
"word": "Laab"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "leip"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "leip"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bavarian",
"lang_code": "bar",
"word": "Loab"
},
{
"lang": "Central Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-cfr",
"raw_tags": [
"only Siegerland"
],
"word": "Laif"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Laib"
},
{
"lang": "Rhine Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
"word": "Lääb"
},
{
"lang": "Rhine Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
"word": "Laab"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "leip"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "hlaiba"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bavarian",
"lang_code": "bar",
"word": "Loab"
},
{
"lang": "Central Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-cfr",
"raw_tags": [
"only Siegerland"
],
"word": "Laif"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Laib"
},
{
"lang": "Rhine Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
"word": "Lääb"
},
{
"lang": "Rhine Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
"word": "Laab"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "leip"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "laiba"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*hlaib"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "hleifur"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "leivur"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"word": "leiv"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "lev"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "lēver"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "lev"
}
],
"lang": "Old Danish",
"lang_code": "gmq-oda",
"word": "lev"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "hleifr"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*xlěbъ"
}
],
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "hlaifs",
"word": "𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*xlěbъ"
}
],
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "hlaibs",
"word": "𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐍃"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Samic",
"lang_code": "smi-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*lājpē"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*laipa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"id": "bread"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "unclear",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "unclear",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "klàips",
"t": "loaf"
},
"expansion": "Latvian klàips (“loaf”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kliẽpas",
"t": "loaf"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kliẽpas (“loaf”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kʷel-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷel-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of unclear origin. The word could have been borrowed from an unknown language or constructed from native material in late Proto-Germanic. It has been connected by Walde 1910 to the Ancient Greek words κλίβανος (klíbanos), κρίβανος (kríbanos, “baker's oven; pan with a lid for baking bread”) and κλιβανίτης (klibanítēs, “bread baked in a κλίβανος”), which according to Beekes is probably a borrowing from an unknown substrate language. The Germanic word could well have been borrowed from the same source. If so, it would be an early borrowing, since the word then apparently displays the effects of Grimm's Law.\nCompare Latvian klàips (“loaf”), Lithuanian kliẽpas (“loaf”). Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- is suggested as their origin, owing to the fact that the earliest flatbreads were disk-shaped. The Proto-Germanic word could have been borrowed from Balto-Slavic or vice versa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlaibaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gem-pro:Foods"
],
"glosses": [
"bread"
],
"links": [
[
"bread",
"bread"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"loaf"
],
"links": [
[
"loaf",
"loaf"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxlɑi̯.βɑz/"
}
],
"word": "hlaibaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hlaibaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (13.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-10-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-10-01 using wiktextract (19bd8d3 and 1ab82da). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.