See hlaibaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hlaibawardaz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hlaib"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hlaib\nOld English: hlāf\nMiddle English: lof, lofe, loff, loof, looffe, love, hlaf, laf (Early Middle English)\nEnglish: loaf\n→ Bengali: লোফ (lōph)\n→ Marshallese: ļoob\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: loff\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: loff\n→ Scottish Gaelic: lofa\nScots: laif\nOld Frisian: hlēf\nSaterland Frisian: luffe\nNorth Frisian: liaf\nOld Saxon: *hlēf; *hlēfa\n(Middle Low German: klepe?)\nOld High German: hleib, leib, leip; hlaiba, laiba\nMiddle High German: leip\nBavarian: Loab\nCentral Franconian: Laif (only Siegerland)\nGerman: Laib\nRhine Franconian: Lääb, Laab",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hlaib\nOld English: hlāf\nMiddle English: lof, lofe, loff, loof, looffe, love, hlaf, laf (Early Middle English)\nEnglish: loaf\n→ Bengali: লোফ (lōph)\n→ Marshallese: ļoob\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: loff\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: loff\n→ Scottish Gaelic: lofa\nScots: laif\nOld Frisian: hlēf\nSaterland Frisian: luffe\nNorth Frisian: liaf\nOld Saxon: *hlēf; *hlēfa\n(Middle Low German: klepe?)\nOld High German: hleib, leib, leip; hlaiba, laiba\nMiddle High German: leip\nBavarian: Loab\nCentral Franconian: Laif (only Siegerland)\nGerman: Laib\nRhine Franconian: Lääb, Laab"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hleifr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hleifr\nIcelandic: hleifur\nFaroese: leivur\nNorwegian: leiv\nOld Swedish: lēver\nSwedish: lev\nOld Danish: lev\nDanish: lev",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hleifr\nIcelandic: hleifur\nFaroese: leivur\nNorwegian: leiv\nOld Swedish: lēver\nSwedish: lev\nOld Danish: lev\nDanish: lev"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs)\n→ Proto-Slavic: *xlěbъ (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs)\n→ Proto-Slavic: *xlěbъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*lājpē",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *lājpē",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *lājpē (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*laipa",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *laipa",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *laipa (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "unclear",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "unclear",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "klàips",
"t": "loaf"
},
"expansion": "Latvian klàips (“loaf”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kliẽpas",
"t": "loaf"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kliẽpas (“loaf”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kʷel-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷel-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of unclear origin; the word was either borrowed from an unknown language or constructed from native material in late Proto-Germanic. The word has been connected by Walde 1910 to the Ancient Greek words κλίβανος (klíbanos), κρίβανος (kríbanos, “baker's oven; pan with a lid for baking bread”) and κλιβανίτης (klibanítēs, “bread baked in a κλίβανος”), which according to Beekes is probably a borrowing from an unknown substrate language. The Germanic word could well have been borrowed from the same source. If so, it would be an early borrowing, since the word then apparently displays the effects of Grimm's Law.\nCompare Latvian klàips (“loaf”), Lithuanian kliẽpas (“loaf”) (Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- is suggested as their origin, owing to the fact that the earliest flatbreads were disk-shaped.)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlaibaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"bread"
],
"id": "en-hlaibaz-gem-pro-noun-mFYEwrYC",
"links": [
[
"bread",
"bread"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"loaf"
],
"id": "en-hlaibaz-gem-pro-noun-3AuojyCm",
"links": [
[
"loaf",
"loaf"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxlɑi̯.βɑz/"
}
],
"word": "hlaibaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from substrate languages",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hlaibawardaz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hlaib"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hlaib\nOld English: hlāf\nMiddle English: lof, lofe, loff, loof, looffe, love, hlaf, laf (Early Middle English)\nEnglish: loaf\n→ Bengali: লোফ (lōph)\n→ Marshallese: ļoob\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: loff\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: loff\n→ Scottish Gaelic: lofa\nScots: laif\nOld Frisian: hlēf\nSaterland Frisian: luffe\nNorth Frisian: liaf\nOld Saxon: *hlēf; *hlēfa\n(Middle Low German: klepe?)\nOld High German: hleib, leib, leip; hlaiba, laiba\nMiddle High German: leip\nBavarian: Loab\nCentral Franconian: Laif (only Siegerland)\nGerman: Laib\nRhine Franconian: Lääb, Laab",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hlaib\nOld English: hlāf\nMiddle English: lof, lofe, loff, loof, looffe, love, hlaf, laf (Early Middle English)\nEnglish: loaf\n→ Bengali: লোফ (lōph)\n→ Marshallese: ļoob\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: loff\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: loff\n→ Scottish Gaelic: lofa\nScots: laif\nOld Frisian: hlēf\nSaterland Frisian: luffe\nNorth Frisian: liaf\nOld Saxon: *hlēf; *hlēfa\n(Middle Low German: klepe?)\nOld High German: hleib, leib, leip; hlaiba, laiba\nMiddle High German: leip\nBavarian: Loab\nCentral Franconian: Laif (only Siegerland)\nGerman: Laib\nRhine Franconian: Lääb, Laab"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hleifr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hleifr\nIcelandic: hleifur\nFaroese: leivur\nNorwegian: leiv\nOld Swedish: lēver\nSwedish: lev\nOld Danish: lev\nDanish: lev",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hleifr\nIcelandic: hleifur\nFaroese: leivur\nNorwegian: leiv\nOld Swedish: lēver\nSwedish: lev\nOld Danish: lev\nDanish: lev"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs)\n→ Proto-Slavic: *xlěbъ (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs)\n→ Proto-Slavic: *xlěbъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*lājpē",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *lājpē",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *lājpē (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*laipa",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *laipa",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *laipa (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "unclear",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "unclear",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "klàips",
"t": "loaf"
},
"expansion": "Latvian klàips (“loaf”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kliẽpas",
"t": "loaf"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kliẽpas (“loaf”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kʷel-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷel-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of unclear origin; the word was either borrowed from an unknown language or constructed from native material in late Proto-Germanic. The word has been connected by Walde 1910 to the Ancient Greek words κλίβανος (klíbanos), κρίβανος (kríbanos, “baker's oven; pan with a lid for baking bread”) and κλιβανίτης (klibanítēs, “bread baked in a κλίβανος”), which according to Beekes is probably a borrowing from an unknown substrate language. The Germanic word could well have been borrowed from the same source. If so, it would be an early borrowing, since the word then apparently displays the effects of Grimm's Law.\nCompare Latvian klàips (“loaf”), Lithuanian kliẽpas (“loaf”) (Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- is suggested as their origin, owing to the fact that the earliest flatbreads were disk-shaped.)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hlaibamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlaibaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gem-pro:Foods"
],
"glosses": [
"bread"
],
"links": [
[
"bread",
"bread"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"loaf"
],
"links": [
[
"loaf",
"loaf"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxlɑi̯.βɑz/"
}
],
"word": "hlaibaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hlaibaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.