"hlūdaz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See hlūdaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈxluː.ðɑz/
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *ḱlutós, from *ḱlew- (“to hear; famous”). The origin of the long vowel is unclear. Etymology templates: {{root|gem-pro|ine-pro|*ḱlew-}}, {{inh|gem-pro|ine-pro|*ḱlutós}} Proto-Indo-European *ḱlutós Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-adj-a|hlūd}}, {{gem-decl-adj-table2|*hlūdaz|*hlūdanǭ|*hlūdas, -is|*hlūdammai|*hlūdanō|*hlūdai|*hlūdanz|*hlūdaizǫ̂|*hlūdaimaz|*hlūdaimiz|*hlūdō|*hlūdǭ|*hlūdaizōz|*hlūdaizōi|*hlūdaizō|*hlūdôz|*hlūdōz|*hlūdaizǫ̂|*hlūdaimaz|*hlūdaimiz|*hlūdą, -atō|*hlūdą, -atō|*hlūdas, -is|*hlūdammai|*hlūdanō|*hlūdō|*hlūdō|*hlūdaizǫ̂|*hlūdaimaz|*hlūdaimiz|*hlūdô|*hlūdanų|*hlūdiniz|*hlūdini|*hlūdinē|*hlūdaniz|*hlūdanunz|*hlūdanǫ̂|*hlūdammaz|*hlūdammiz|*hlūdǭ|*hlūdōnų|*hlūdōniz|*hlūdōni|*hlūdōnē|*hlūdōniz|*hlūdōnunz|*hlūdōnǫ̂|*hlūdōmaz|*hlūdōmiz|*hlūdô|*hlūdô|*hlūdiniz|*hlūdini|*hlūdinē|*hlūdōnō|*hlūdōnō|*hlūdanǫ̂|*hlūdammaz|*hlūdammiz|title=*hlūdaz (a-stem)}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], hlūdaz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], hlūdai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], hlūdō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], hlūdôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], hlūdą [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], hlūdō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], hlūdanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], hlūdanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], hlūdǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], hlūdōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], hlūdą [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], hlūdō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], hlūdas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], hlūdaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], hlūdaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], hlūdaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], hlūdas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], hlūdaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], hlūdammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], hlūdaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], hlūdaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], hlūdaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], hlūdammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], hlūdaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], hlūdanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], hlūdaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], hlūdaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], hlūdaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], hlūdanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], hlūdaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], hlūdô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], hlūdaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], hlūdǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], hlūdōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], hlūdô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], hlūdōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], hlūdanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], hlūdanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], hlūdōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], hlūdōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], hlūdô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], hlūdōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], hlūdiniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], hlūdanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], hlūdōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], hlūdōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], hlūdiniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], hlūdanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], hlūdini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], hlūdammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], hlūdōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], hlūdōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], hlūdini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], hlūdammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], hlūdinē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], hlūdammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], hlūdōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], hlūdōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], hlūdinē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], hlūdammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. loud Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-hlūdaz-gem-pro-adj-2xpgu~8i
  2. famous Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-hlūdaz-gem-pro-adj-ebG8gTFN Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 30 70 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 11 89 Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 21 79
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: hlūdą, hlūdijô, Hlūdawaldą Related terms: hleuþą, hleuþaz, hleuþrą, hliudijaną, hliuþijaną
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hlūdą"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hlūdijô"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Hlūdawaldą"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*hlūd"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hlūd\nOld English: hlūd\nMiddle English: loud, loude, lowd, lowde, lud\nEnglish: loud\nScots: loud, lood\nOld Frisian: hlūd\nSaterland Frisian: luud\nWest Frisian: lûd\nOld Saxon: hlūd\nMiddle Low German: lūt, lūd\nGerman Low German: luud, luut\nLow German: luud\nPlautdietsch: lud\nOld Dutch: lūd\nMiddle Dutch: luut\nDutch: luid\nLimburgish: luud\nOld High German: lūt\nMiddle High German: lūt\nGerman: laut\n→ Esperanto: laŭta",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hlūd\nOld English: hlūd\nMiddle English: loud, loude, lowd, lowde, lud\nEnglish: loud\nScots: loud, lood\nOld Frisian: hlūd\nSaterland Frisian: luud\nWest Frisian: lûd\nOld Saxon: hlūd\nMiddle Low German: lūt, lūd\nGerman Low German: luud, luut\nLow German: luud\nPlautdietsch: lud\nOld Dutch: lūd\nMiddle Dutch: luut\nDutch: luid\nLimburgish: luud\nOld High German: lūt\nMiddle High German: lūt\nGerman: laut\n→ Esperanto: laŭta"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱlew-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱlutós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱlutós",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ḱlutós, from *ḱlew- (“to hear; famous”). The origin of the long vowel is unclear.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hlūd"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*hlūdaz",
        "10": "*hlūdaimiz",
        "11": "*hlūdō",
        "12": "*hlūdǭ",
        "13": "*hlūdaizōz",
        "14": "*hlūdaizōi",
        "15": "*hlūdaizō",
        "16": "*hlūdôz",
        "17": "*hlūdōz",
        "18": "*hlūdaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*hlūdaimaz",
        "2": "*hlūdanǭ",
        "20": "*hlūdaimiz",
        "21": "*hlūdą, -atō",
        "22": "*hlūdą, -atō",
        "23": "*hlūdas, -is",
        "24": "*hlūdammai",
        "25": "*hlūdanō",
        "26": "*hlūdō",
        "27": "*hlūdō",
        "28": "*hlūdaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*hlūdaimaz",
        "3": "*hlūdas, -is",
        "30": "*hlūdaimiz",
        "31": "*hlūdô",
        "32": "*hlūdanų",
        "33": "*hlūdiniz",
        "34": "*hlūdini",
        "35": "*hlūdinē",
        "36": "*hlūdaniz",
        "37": "*hlūdanunz",
        "38": "*hlūdanǫ̂",
        "39": "*hlūdammaz",
        "4": "*hlūdammai",
        "40": "*hlūdammiz",
        "41": "*hlūdǭ",
        "42": "*hlūdōnų",
        "43": "*hlūdōniz",
        "44": "*hlūdōni",
        "45": "*hlūdōnē",
        "46": "*hlūdōniz",
        "47": "*hlūdōnunz",
        "48": "*hlūdōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*hlūdōmaz",
        "5": "*hlūdanō",
        "50": "*hlūdōmiz",
        "51": "*hlūdô",
        "52": "*hlūdô",
        "53": "*hlūdiniz",
        "54": "*hlūdini",
        "55": "*hlūdinē",
        "56": "*hlūdōnō",
        "57": "*hlūdōnō",
        "58": "*hlūdanǫ̂",
        "59": "*hlūdammaz",
        "6": "*hlūdai",
        "60": "*hlūdammiz",
        "7": "*hlūdanz",
        "8": "*hlūdaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*hlūdaimaz",
        "title": "*hlūdaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlūdaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hleuþą"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hleuþaz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hleuþrą"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hliudijaną"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hliuþijaną"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "loud"
      ],
      "id": "en-hlūdaz-gem-pro-adj-2xpgu~8i",
      "links": [
        [
          "loud",
          "loud"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "30 70",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 89",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 79",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "famous"
      ],
      "id": "en-hlūdaz-gem-pro-adj-ebG8gTFN",
      "links": [
        [
          "famous",
          "famous"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxluː.ðɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "hlūdaz"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱlew-",
    "Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "hlūdą"
    },
    {
      "word": "hlūdijô"
    },
    {
      "word": "Hlūdawaldą"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*hlūd"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hlūd\nOld English: hlūd\nMiddle English: loud, loude, lowd, lowde, lud\nEnglish: loud\nScots: loud, lood\nOld Frisian: hlūd\nSaterland Frisian: luud\nWest Frisian: lûd\nOld Saxon: hlūd\nMiddle Low German: lūt, lūd\nGerman Low German: luud, luut\nLow German: luud\nPlautdietsch: lud\nOld Dutch: lūd\nMiddle Dutch: luut\nDutch: luid\nLimburgish: luud\nOld High German: lūt\nMiddle High German: lūt\nGerman: laut\n→ Esperanto: laŭta",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hlūd\nOld English: hlūd\nMiddle English: loud, loude, lowd, lowde, lud\nEnglish: loud\nScots: loud, lood\nOld Frisian: hlūd\nSaterland Frisian: luud\nWest Frisian: lûd\nOld Saxon: hlūd\nMiddle Low German: lūt, lūd\nGerman Low German: luud, luut\nLow German: luud\nPlautdietsch: lud\nOld Dutch: lūd\nMiddle Dutch: luut\nDutch: luid\nLimburgish: luud\nOld High German: lūt\nMiddle High German: lūt\nGerman: laut\n→ Esperanto: laŭta"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱlew-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱlutós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱlutós",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ḱlutós, from *ḱlew- (“to hear; famous”). The origin of the long vowel is unclear.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hlūd"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*hlūdaz",
        "10": "*hlūdaimiz",
        "11": "*hlūdō",
        "12": "*hlūdǭ",
        "13": "*hlūdaizōz",
        "14": "*hlūdaizōi",
        "15": "*hlūdaizō",
        "16": "*hlūdôz",
        "17": "*hlūdōz",
        "18": "*hlūdaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*hlūdaimaz",
        "2": "*hlūdanǭ",
        "20": "*hlūdaimiz",
        "21": "*hlūdą, -atō",
        "22": "*hlūdą, -atō",
        "23": "*hlūdas, -is",
        "24": "*hlūdammai",
        "25": "*hlūdanō",
        "26": "*hlūdō",
        "27": "*hlūdō",
        "28": "*hlūdaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*hlūdaimaz",
        "3": "*hlūdas, -is",
        "30": "*hlūdaimiz",
        "31": "*hlūdô",
        "32": "*hlūdanų",
        "33": "*hlūdiniz",
        "34": "*hlūdini",
        "35": "*hlūdinē",
        "36": "*hlūdaniz",
        "37": "*hlūdanunz",
        "38": "*hlūdanǫ̂",
        "39": "*hlūdammaz",
        "4": "*hlūdammai",
        "40": "*hlūdammiz",
        "41": "*hlūdǭ",
        "42": "*hlūdōnų",
        "43": "*hlūdōniz",
        "44": "*hlūdōni",
        "45": "*hlūdōnē",
        "46": "*hlūdōniz",
        "47": "*hlūdōnunz",
        "48": "*hlūdōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*hlūdōmaz",
        "5": "*hlūdanō",
        "50": "*hlūdōmiz",
        "51": "*hlūdô",
        "52": "*hlūdô",
        "53": "*hlūdiniz",
        "54": "*hlūdini",
        "55": "*hlūdinē",
        "56": "*hlūdōnō",
        "57": "*hlūdōnō",
        "58": "*hlūdanǫ̂",
        "59": "*hlūdammaz",
        "6": "*hlūdai",
        "60": "*hlūdammiz",
        "7": "*hlūdanz",
        "8": "*hlūdaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*hlūdaimaz",
        "title": "*hlūdaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlūdaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "hleuþą"
    },
    {
      "word": "hleuþaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "hleuþrą"
    },
    {
      "word": "hliudijaną"
    },
    {
      "word": "hliuþijaną"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "loud"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "loud",
          "loud"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "famous"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "famous",
          "famous"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxluː.ðɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "hlūdaz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for hlūdaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (10.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.