See hiwją in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hiwi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hiwi\nOld English: hīew, hīw\nMiddle English: hewe\nScots: hew, hu, hue\nEnglish: hue",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hiwi\nOld English: hīew, hīw\nMiddle English: hewe\nScots: hew, hu, hue\nEnglish: hue"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hý"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hý",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hý"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hý",
"3": "hé"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: hý, hé",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: hý, hé"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "hýggj"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: hýggj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: hýggj"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "hy"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: hy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: hy"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "hy",
"alt": "hȳ"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: hȳ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: hȳ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "hy"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: hy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: hy"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-gut",
"2": "höi"
},
"expansion": "Gutnish: höi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gutnish: höi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*(h)uvjë",
"bor": "1",
"t": "down"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *(h)uvjë (“down”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *(h)uvjë (“down”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌹𐍅𐌹"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐍅𐌹 (hiwi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐍅𐌹 (hiwi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*hipjä",
"bor": "1",
"t": "skin"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *hipjä (“skin”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *hipjä (“skin”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*ipjë",
"bor": "1",
"t": "dust"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *ipjë (“dust”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *ipjë (“dust”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sma",
"2": "ïbje"
},
"expansion": "Southern Sami: ïbje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Sami: ïbje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*heben",
"bor": "1",
"t": "single hair, fluff"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *heben (“single hair, fluff”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *heben (“single hair, fluff”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "heven",
"3": "hepene"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: heven, hepene",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: heven, hepene"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*häivä",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *häivä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "? → Proto-Finnic: *häivä (< *häwjä)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "häivä"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: häivä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: häivä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*jievjë",
"bor": "1",
"t": "white (of fur, hair)"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *jievjë (“white (of fur, hair)”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *jievjë (“white (of fur, hair)”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "→ Pre-Sami: *kepji"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*këpjë"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic: *këpjë",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Samic: *këpjë (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kew-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kew-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱyeh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "grey, dark shade"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱyeh₁- (“grey, dark shade”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "छवि",
"t": "skin, beauty"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit छवि (chavi, “skin, beauty”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Disputed. Either from Proto-Indo-European *kew-, *ḱew- (“skin, cuticle, hide; beauty, splendour”) or from Proto-Indo-European *ḱyeh₁- (“grey, dark shade”), or a merger of the two. Compare Sanskrit छवि (chavi, “skin, beauty”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hiwją",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hiwjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hiwją",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hiwjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hiwją",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hiwjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hiwjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hiwis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hiwjǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hiwjai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hiwjamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hiwjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hiwjamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hiwją",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 37 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 36 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"appearance, blee"
],
"id": "en-hiwją-gem-pro-noun-y3VvkjEy",
"links": [
[
"appearance",
"appearance"
],
[
"blee",
"blee"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 37 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 36 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 41 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"form, shape"
],
"id": "en-hiwją-gem-pro-noun-brVzy2zf",
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 37 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 36 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mold, mildew"
],
"id": "en-hiwją-gem-pro-noun-myhEX-NX",
"links": [
[
"mold",
"mold"
],
[
"mildew",
"mildew"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxiw.jɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "hiwją"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic ja-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hiwi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hiwi\nOld English: hīew, hīw\nMiddle English: hewe\nScots: hew, hu, hue\nEnglish: hue",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hiwi\nOld English: hīew, hīw\nMiddle English: hewe\nScots: hew, hu, hue\nEnglish: hue"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hý"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hý",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hý"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hý",
"3": "hé"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: hý, hé",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: hý, hé"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "hýggj"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: hýggj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: hýggj"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "hy"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: hy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: hy"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "hy",
"alt": "hȳ"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: hȳ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: hȳ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "hy"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: hy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: hy"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-gut",
"2": "höi"
},
"expansion": "Gutnish: höi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gutnish: höi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*(h)uvjë",
"bor": "1",
"t": "down"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *(h)uvjë (“down”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *(h)uvjë (“down”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌹𐍅𐌹"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐍅𐌹 (hiwi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐍅𐌹 (hiwi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*hipjä",
"bor": "1",
"t": "skin"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *hipjä (“skin”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *hipjä (“skin”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*ipjë",
"bor": "1",
"t": "dust"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *ipjë (“dust”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *ipjë (“dust”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sma",
"2": "ïbje"
},
"expansion": "Southern Sami: ïbje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Sami: ïbje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*heben",
"bor": "1",
"t": "single hair, fluff"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *heben (“single hair, fluff”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *heben (“single hair, fluff”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "heven",
"3": "hepene"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: heven, hepene",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: heven, hepene"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*häivä",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *häivä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "? → Proto-Finnic: *häivä (< *häwjä)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "häivä"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: häivä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: häivä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*jievjë",
"bor": "1",
"t": "white (of fur, hair)"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *jievjë (“white (of fur, hair)”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *jievjë (“white (of fur, hair)”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "→ Pre-Sami: *kepji"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*këpjë"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic: *këpjë",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Samic: *këpjë (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kew-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kew-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱyeh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "grey, dark shade"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱyeh₁- (“grey, dark shade”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "छवि",
"t": "skin, beauty"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit छवि (chavi, “skin, beauty”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Disputed. Either from Proto-Indo-European *kew-, *ḱew- (“skin, cuticle, hide; beauty, splendour”) or from Proto-Indo-European *ḱyeh₁- (“grey, dark shade”), or a merger of the two. Compare Sanskrit छवि (chavi, “skin, beauty”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hiwją",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hiwjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hiwją",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hiwjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hiwją",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hiwjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hiwjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hiwis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hiwjǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hiwjai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hiwjamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hiwjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hiwjamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hiwją",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"appearance, blee"
],
"links": [
[
"appearance",
"appearance"
],
[
"blee",
"blee"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"form, shape"
],
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mold, mildew"
],
"links": [
[
"mold",
"mold"
],
[
"mildew",
"mildew"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxiw.jɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "hiwją"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hiwją meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.