See hinder in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ḱem-tér-",
"t": "down, back, along, over, through"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱem-tér- (“down, back, along, over, through”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "contrā",
"3": "",
"4": "back, against"
},
"expansion": "Latin contrā (“back, against”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "owl",
"2": "cant",
"3": "",
"4": "with, at, along"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh cant (“with, at, along”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gan",
"3": "",
"4": "with, by"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gan (“with, by”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κατά",
"3": "",
"4": "downwards"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “downwards”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱís"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱís",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ḱem-tér- (“down, back, along, over, through”), from *ḱóm (“beside, near, by, with”). Cognate with Latin contrā (“back, against”), Old Welsh cant (“with, at, along”); > Modern Welsh gan (“with, by”), Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “downwards”).\nAn alternative theory by Orel derives the term from *hiz (“this”), and thus from Proto-Indo-European *ḱís.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hinder",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"behind, beyond"
],
"id": "en-hinder-gem-pro-prep-M2gCC5nj",
"links": [
[
"behind",
"behind"
],
[
"beyond",
"beyond"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with accusative or dative) behind, beyond"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"with-accusative",
"with-dative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxin.der/"
}
],
"word": "hinder"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hinder"
},
"expansion": "Old English: hinder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: hinder"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "hinder"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: hinder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: hinder"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "hinder"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: hinder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: hinder (rare as simplex)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hinder"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: hinder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: hinder (rare as simplex)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hintar"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: hintar\nMiddle High German: hinter\nCentral Franconian: henger, henner (Moselle Franconian), honner, hönner (Eifel), hinger (Kölsch)\nCimbrian: hintare\nGerman: hinter\nLuxembourgish: hanner\nYiddish: הינטער (hinter)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: hintar\nMiddle High German: hinter\nCentral Franconian: henger, henner (Moselle Franconian), honner, hönner (Eifel), hinger (Kölsch)\nCimbrian: hintare\nGerman: hinter\nLuxembourgish: hanner\nYiddish: הינטער (hinter)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hindar"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hindar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hindar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍂"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍂 (hindar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍂 (hindar)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ḱem-tér-",
"t": "down, back, along, over, through"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱem-tér- (“down, back, along, over, through”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "contrā",
"3": "",
"4": "back, against"
},
"expansion": "Latin contrā (“back, against”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "owl",
"2": "cant",
"3": "",
"4": "with, at, along"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh cant (“with, at, along”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gan",
"3": "",
"4": "with, by"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gan (“with, by”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κατά",
"3": "",
"4": "downwards"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “downwards”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱís"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱís",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ḱem-tér- (“down, back, along, over, through”), from *ḱóm (“beside, near, by, with”). Cognate with Latin contrā (“back, against”), Old Welsh cant (“with, at, along”); > Modern Welsh gan (“with, by”), Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “downwards”).\nAn alternative theory by Orel derives the term from *hiz (“this”), and thus from Proto-Indo-European *ḱís.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hinder",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hinderōną"
}
],
"glosses": [
"back, on that side of, behind"
],
"id": "en-hinder-gem-pro-adv-VdkJNMjY",
"links": [
[
"back",
"back"
],
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"that",
"that"
],
[
"side",
"side"
],
[
"behind",
"behind"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "hindana",
"sense": "*hindanē",
"tags": [
"Gothic"
],
"word": "𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌰"
},
{
"word": "hindrōną"
},
{
"sense": "Old English: hindemest",
"tags": [
"English"
],
"word": "hindmost"
},
{
"roman": "hindumists",
"sense": "*hindumistaz",
"tags": [
"Gothic"
],
"word": "𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxin.der/"
}
],
"word": "hinder"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic adverbs",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ḱem-tér-",
"t": "down, back, along, over, through"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱem-tér- (“down, back, along, over, through”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "contrā",
"3": "",
"4": "back, against"
},
"expansion": "Latin contrā (“back, against”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "owl",
"2": "cant",
"3": "",
"4": "with, at, along"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh cant (“with, at, along”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gan",
"3": "",
"4": "with, by"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gan (“with, by”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κατά",
"3": "",
"4": "downwards"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “downwards”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱís"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱís",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ḱem-tér- (“down, back, along, over, through”), from *ḱóm (“beside, near, by, with”). Cognate with Latin contrā (“back, against”), Old Welsh cant (“with, at, along”); > Modern Welsh gan (“with, by”), Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “downwards”).\nAn alternative theory by Orel derives the term from *hiz (“this”), and thus from Proto-Indo-European *ḱís.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hinder",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"behind, beyond"
],
"links": [
[
"behind",
"behind"
],
[
"beyond",
"beyond"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with accusative or dative) behind, beyond"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"with-accusative",
"with-dative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxin.der/"
}
],
"word": "hinder"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic adverbs",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hinderōną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hinder"
},
"expansion": "Old English: hinder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: hinder"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "hinder"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: hinder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: hinder"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "hinder"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: hinder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: hinder (rare as simplex)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hinder"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: hinder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: hinder (rare as simplex)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hintar"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: hintar\nMiddle High German: hinter\nCentral Franconian: henger, henner (Moselle Franconian), honner, hönner (Eifel), hinger (Kölsch)\nCimbrian: hintare\nGerman: hinter\nLuxembourgish: hanner\nYiddish: הינטער (hinter)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: hintar\nMiddle High German: hinter\nCentral Franconian: henger, henner (Moselle Franconian), honner, hönner (Eifel), hinger (Kölsch)\nCimbrian: hintare\nGerman: hinter\nLuxembourgish: hanner\nYiddish: הינטער (hinter)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hindar"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hindar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hindar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍂"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍂 (hindar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍂 (hindar)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ḱem-tér-",
"t": "down, back, along, over, through"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱem-tér- (“down, back, along, over, through”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "contrā",
"3": "",
"4": "back, against"
},
"expansion": "Latin contrā (“back, against”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "owl",
"2": "cant",
"3": "",
"4": "with, at, along"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh cant (“with, at, along”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gan",
"3": "",
"4": "with, by"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gan (“with, by”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κατά",
"3": "",
"4": "downwards"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “downwards”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱís"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱís",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ḱem-tér- (“down, back, along, over, through”), from *ḱóm (“beside, near, by, with”). Cognate with Latin contrā (“back, against”), Old Welsh cant (“with, at, along”); > Modern Welsh gan (“with, by”), Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “downwards”).\nAn alternative theory by Orel derives the term from *hiz (“this”), and thus from Proto-Indo-European *ḱís.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hinder",
"pos": "adv",
"related": [
{
"roman": "hindana",
"sense": "*hindanē",
"tags": [
"Gothic"
],
"word": "𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌰"
},
{
"word": "hindrōną"
},
{
"sense": "Old English: hindemest",
"tags": [
"English"
],
"word": "hindmost"
},
{
"roman": "hindumists",
"sense": "*hindumistaz",
"tags": [
"Gothic"
],
"word": "𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"back, on that side of, behind"
],
"links": [
[
"back",
"back"
],
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"that",
"that"
],
[
"side",
"side"
],
[
"behind",
"behind"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxin.der/"
}
],
"word": "hinder"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hinder meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (f889f65 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.