See helmaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for helmaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.1kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *helm\nOld English: helm\nMiddle English: helm\nEnglish: helm\nOld Frisian: helm\nSaterland Frisian: Hälm\nWest Frisian: helm\nOld Saxon: helm\nMiddle Low German: helm\nLow German: Helm\nOld Dutch: helm\nMiddle Dutch: helm\nDutch: helm\nOld High German: helm\nMiddle High German: helm\nGerman: Helm\nPolish: hełm\nLuxembourgish: Helm\n→ Latin: helmus [8th century, Reichenau Glossary] (see there for further descendants)\n→ Proto-Slavic: *šelmъ (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *helm\nOld English: helm\nMiddle English: helm\nEnglish: helm\nOld Frisian: helm\nSaterland Frisian: Hälm\nWest Frisian: helm\nOld Saxon: helm\nMiddle Low German: helm\nLow German: Helm\nOld Dutch: helm\nMiddle Dutch: helm\nDutch: helm\nOld High German: helm\nMiddle High German: helm\nGerman: Helm\nPolish: hełm\nLuxembourgish: Helm\n→ Latin: helmus [8th century, Reichenau Glossary] (see there for further descendants)\n→ Proto-Slavic: *šelmъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hjalmr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hjalmr\nIcelandic: hjálmur m\nFaroese: hjálmur m\nNorwegian Nynorsk: hjelm m; (dialectal) hjalm m, kjålm m, kjelm m, sjælm m\nOld Swedish: hiælmber\nSwedish: hjälm c\nDanish: hjelm c\nNorwegian Bokmål: hjelm m",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hjalmr\nIcelandic: hjálmur m\nFaroese: hjálmur m\nNorwegian Nynorsk: hjelm m; (dialectal) hjalm m, kjålm m, kjelm m, sjælm m\nOld Swedish: hiælmber\nSwedish: hjälm c\nDanish: hjelm c\nNorwegian Bokmål: hjelm m"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*hëlma",
"bor": "1",
"t": "hem, margin of cloth",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Finnic: *hëlma (“hem, margin of cloth”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Finnic: *hëlma (“hem, margin of cloth”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"id1": "cover"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ḱelmos",
"5": "covering"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱelmos (“covering”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*helaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helaną",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "clam"
},
"expansion": "Latin clam",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "celo"
},
"expansion": "Latin celo",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelmos (“covering”), from the root *ḱel- (“to cover, hide, protect”).\nCognate to Proto-Germanic *helaną, Latin clam, Latin celo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "helmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "helmōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "helmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "helmą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hilmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hilmai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/helmaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Aþalahelmaz"
},
{
"word": "Aldahelmaz"
},
{
"word": "Wiljahelmaz"
}
],
"glosses": [
"helmet"
],
"id": "en-helmaz-gem-pro-noun-EVWEhgzV",
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Elmar Seebold",
"Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
"de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxel.mɑz/"
}
],
"word": "helmaz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "Aþalahelmaz"
},
{
"word": "Aldahelmaz"
},
{
"word": "Wiljahelmaz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *helm\nOld English: helm\nMiddle English: helm\nEnglish: helm\nOld Frisian: helm\nSaterland Frisian: Hälm\nWest Frisian: helm\nOld Saxon: helm\nMiddle Low German: helm\nLow German: Helm\nOld Dutch: helm\nMiddle Dutch: helm\nDutch: helm\nOld High German: helm\nMiddle High German: helm\nGerman: Helm\nPolish: hełm\nLuxembourgish: Helm\n→ Latin: helmus [8th century, Reichenau Glossary] (see there for further descendants)\n→ Proto-Slavic: *šelmъ (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *helm\nOld English: helm\nMiddle English: helm\nEnglish: helm\nOld Frisian: helm\nSaterland Frisian: Hälm\nWest Frisian: helm\nOld Saxon: helm\nMiddle Low German: helm\nLow German: Helm\nOld Dutch: helm\nMiddle Dutch: helm\nDutch: helm\nOld High German: helm\nMiddle High German: helm\nGerman: Helm\nPolish: hełm\nLuxembourgish: Helm\n→ Latin: helmus [8th century, Reichenau Glossary] (see there for further descendants)\n→ Proto-Slavic: *šelmъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hjalmr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hjalmr\nIcelandic: hjálmur m\nFaroese: hjálmur m\nNorwegian Nynorsk: hjelm m; (dialectal) hjalm m, kjålm m, kjelm m, sjælm m\nOld Swedish: hiælmber\nSwedish: hjälm c\nDanish: hjelm c\nNorwegian Bokmål: hjelm m",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hjalmr\nIcelandic: hjálmur m\nFaroese: hjálmur m\nNorwegian Nynorsk: hjelm m; (dialectal) hjalm m, kjålm m, kjelm m, sjælm m\nOld Swedish: hiælmber\nSwedish: hjälm c\nDanish: hjelm c\nNorwegian Bokmål: hjelm m"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*hëlma",
"bor": "1",
"t": "hem, margin of cloth",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Finnic: *hëlma (“hem, margin of cloth”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Finnic: *hëlma (“hem, margin of cloth”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"id1": "cover"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ḱelmos",
"5": "covering"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱelmos (“covering”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*helaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helaną",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "clam"
},
"expansion": "Latin clam",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "celo"
},
"expansion": "Latin celo",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelmos (“covering”), from the root *ḱel- (“to cover, hide, protect”).\nCognate to Proto-Germanic *helaną, Latin clam, Latin celo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "helmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "helmōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "helmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "helmą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hilmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hilmai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/helmaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱel- (cover)",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"gem-pro:Military"
],
"glosses": [
"helmet"
],
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Elmar Seebold",
"Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
"de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxel.mɑz/"
}
],
"word": "helmaz"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (1b9bfc5 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.