"harmaz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See harmaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈxɑr.mɑz/
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *pḱórmos (“shame, grief, torment, pain”), from *pḱer-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *sormъ (“shame”), Persian شرم , Avestan 𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀 (fšar^əma, “sense of shame”). Etymology templates: {{inh|gem-pro|ine-pro|*pḱórmos||shame, grief, torment, pain}} Proto-Indo-European *pḱórmos (“shame, grief, torment, pain”), {{cog|sla-pro|*sormъ||shame}} Proto-Slavic *sormъ (“shame”), {{cog|fa|شرم⁩}} Persian شرم, {{cog|ae|𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀|t=sense of shame}} Avestan 𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀 (fšar^əma, “sense of shame”) Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-adj-a|harm}}, {{gem-decl-adj-table2|*harmaz|*harmanǭ|*harmas, -is|*harmammai|*harmanō|*harmai|*harmanz|*harmaizǫ̂|*harmaimaz|*harmaimiz|*harmō|*harmǭ|*harmaizōz|*harmaizōi|*harmaizō|*harmôz|*harmōz|*harmaizǫ̂|*harmaimaz|*harmaimiz|*harmą, -atō|*harmą, -atō|*harmas, -is|*harmammai|*harmanō|*harmō|*harmō|*harmaizǫ̂|*harmaimaz|*harmaimiz|*harmô|*harmanų|*harminiz|*harmini|*harminē|*harmaniz|*harmanunz|*harmanǫ̂|*harmammaz|*harmammiz|*harmǭ|*harmōnų|*harmōniz|*harmōni|*harmōnē|*harmōniz|*harmōnunz|*harmōnǫ̂|*harmōmaz|*harmōmiz|*harmô|*harmô|*harminiz|*harmini|*harminē|*harmōnō|*harmōnō|*harmanǫ̂|*harmammaz|*harmammiz|title=*harmaz (a-stem)}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], harmaz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], harmai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], harmō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], harmôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], harmą [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], harmō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], harmanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], harmanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], harmǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], harmōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], harmą [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], harmō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], harmas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], harmaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], harmaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], harmaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], harmas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], harmaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], harmammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], harmaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], harmaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], harmaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], harmammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], harmaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], harmanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], harmaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], harmaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], harmaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], harmanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], harmaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], harmô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], harmaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], harmǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], harmōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], harmô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], harmōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], harmanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], harmanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], harmōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], harmōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], harmô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], harmōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], harminiz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], harmanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], harmōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], harmōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], harminiz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], harmanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], harmini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], harmammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], harmōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], harmōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], harmini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], harmammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], harminē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], harmammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], harmōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], harmōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], harminē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], harmammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. painful; sorrowful; doleful Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-harmaz-gem-pro-adj-aqvXjqOy Categories (other): Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 43 50 6
  2. harmful; malicious; evil Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-harmaz-gem-pro-adj-CzG2fXUP Categories (other): Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 43 50 6

Noun

IPA: /ˈxɑr.mɑz/
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *pḱórmos (“shame, grief, torment, pain”), from *pḱer-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *sormъ (“shame”), Persian شرم , Avestan 𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀 (fšar^əma, “sense of shame”). Etymology templates: {{inh|gem-pro|ine-pro|*pḱórmos||shame, grief, torment, pain}} Proto-Indo-European *pḱórmos (“shame, grief, torment, pain”), {{cog|sla-pro|*sormъ||shame}} Proto-Slavic *sormъ (“shame”), {{cog|fa|شرم⁩}} Persian شرم, {{cog|ae|𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀|t=sense of shame}} Avestan 𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀 (fšar^əma, “sense of shame”) Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-noun}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], harmaz [nominative, singular], harmōz [nominative, plural], harmōs [nominative, plural], harm [singular, vocative], harmōz [plural, vocative], harmōs [plural, vocative], harmą [accusative, singular], harmanz [accusative, plural], harmas [genitive, singular], harmis [genitive, singular], harmǫ̂ [genitive, plural], harmai [dative, singular], harmamaz [dative, plural], harmō [instrumental, singular], harmamiz [instrumental, plural]
  1. harm; shame; pain; injury Tags: masculine, reconstruction Derived forms: harmalausaz, harmāną, harmijaną Related terms: harmōną
    Sense id: en-harmaz-gem-pro-noun-PidK9YY6

Download JSON data for harmaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (15.2kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*harm",
            "id": "painful"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *harm\nOld English: hearm\nOld Saxon: harm\nMiddle Low German: *harm (possibly)\n→ Old Danish: harm\nDanish: harm\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: harm\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: harm",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *harm\nOld English: hearm\nOld Saxon: harm\nMiddle Low German: *harm (possibly)\n→ Old Danish: harm\nDanish: harm\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: harm\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: harm"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*pḱórmos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "shame, grief, torment, pain"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pḱórmos (“shame, grief, torment, pain”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*sormъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shame"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *sormъ (“shame”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "شرم⁩"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian شرم",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀",
        "t": "sense of shame"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀 (fšar^əma, “sense of shame”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pḱórmos (“shame, grief, torment, pain”), from *pḱer-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *sormъ (“shame”), Persian شرم , Avestan 𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀 (fšar^əma, “sense of shame”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harminiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harminiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harminē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harminē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "harm"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*harmaz",
        "10": "*harmaimiz",
        "11": "*harmō",
        "12": "*harmǭ",
        "13": "*harmaizōz",
        "14": "*harmaizōi",
        "15": "*harmaizō",
        "16": "*harmôz",
        "17": "*harmōz",
        "18": "*harmaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*harmaimaz",
        "2": "*harmanǭ",
        "20": "*harmaimiz",
        "21": "*harmą, -atō",
        "22": "*harmą, -atō",
        "23": "*harmas, -is",
        "24": "*harmammai",
        "25": "*harmanō",
        "26": "*harmō",
        "27": "*harmō",
        "28": "*harmaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*harmaimaz",
        "3": "*harmas, -is",
        "30": "*harmaimiz",
        "31": "*harmô",
        "32": "*harmanų",
        "33": "*harminiz",
        "34": "*harmini",
        "35": "*harminē",
        "36": "*harmaniz",
        "37": "*harmanunz",
        "38": "*harmanǫ̂",
        "39": "*harmammaz",
        "4": "*harmammai",
        "40": "*harmammiz",
        "41": "*harmǭ",
        "42": "*harmōnų",
        "43": "*harmōniz",
        "44": "*harmōni",
        "45": "*harmōnē",
        "46": "*harmōniz",
        "47": "*harmōnunz",
        "48": "*harmōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*harmōmaz",
        "5": "*harmanō",
        "50": "*harmōmiz",
        "51": "*harmô",
        "52": "*harmô",
        "53": "*harminiz",
        "54": "*harmini",
        "55": "*harminē",
        "56": "*harmōnō",
        "57": "*harmōnō",
        "58": "*harmanǫ̂",
        "59": "*harmammaz",
        "6": "*harmai",
        "60": "*harmammiz",
        "7": "*harmanz",
        "8": "*harmaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*harmaimaz",
        "title": "*harmaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harmaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "43 50 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "painful; sorrowful; doleful"
      ],
      "id": "en-harmaz-gem-pro-adj-aqvXjqOy",
      "links": [
        [
          "painful",
          "painful"
        ],
        [
          "sorrowful",
          "sorrowful"
        ],
        [
          "doleful",
          "doleful"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "43 50 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "harmful; malicious; evil"
      ],
      "id": "en-harmaz-gem-pro-adj-CzG2fXUP",
      "links": [
        [
          "harmful",
          "harmful"
        ],
        [
          "malicious",
          "malicious"
        ],
        [
          "evil",
          "evil"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxɑr.mɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "harmaz"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*harm",
            "id": "pain"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *harm\nOld English: hearm\nMiddle English: harm, harem, arme, herme\nEnglish: harm\nScots: herm, hairm\nYola: harrm\nOld Frisian: herm (in compounds)\nOld Saxon: harm\nMiddle Low German: harm, herm\nOld Dutch: harm\nMiddle Dutch: harm\nDutch: harm\nOld High German: harm, haram\nMiddle High German: harm\nGerman: Harm",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *harm\nOld English: hearm\nMiddle English: harm, harem, arme, herme\nEnglish: harm\nScots: herm, hairm\nYola: harrm\nOld Frisian: herm (in compounds)\nOld Saxon: harm\nMiddle Low German: harm, herm\nOld Dutch: harm\nMiddle Dutch: harm\nDutch: harm\nOld High German: harm, haram\nMiddle High German: harm\nGerman: Harm"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "harmr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: harmr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: harmr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "harmur"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: harmur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: harmur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "harmligur"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: harmligur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "(Faroese: harmligur)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "harme"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: harme",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Bokmål: harme"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "harm"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: harm",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: harm"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "harmber"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: harmber",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: harmber"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "harm"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: harm",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: harm"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "harmi",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Finnish: harmi",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Finnish: harmi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "harme"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: harme",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: harme"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*pḱórmos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "shame, grief, torment, pain"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pḱórmos (“shame, grief, torment, pain”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*sormъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shame"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *sormъ (“shame”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "شرم⁩"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian شرم",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀",
        "t": "sense of shame"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀 (fšar^əma, “sense of shame”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pḱórmos (“shame, grief, torment, pain”), from *pḱer-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *sormъ (“shame”), Persian شرم , Avestan 𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀 (fšar^əma, “sense of shame”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmamiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harmaz",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "harmalausaz"
        },
        {
          "word": "harmāną"
        },
        {
          "word": "harmijaną"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "harm; shame; pain; injury"
      ],
      "id": "en-harmaz-gem-pro-noun-PidK9YY6",
      "links": [
        [
          "harm",
          "harm"
        ],
        [
          "shame",
          "shame"
        ],
        [
          "pain",
          "pain"
        ],
        [
          "injury",
          "injury"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "harmōną"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxɑr.mɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "harmaz"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*harm",
            "id": "painful"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *harm\nOld English: hearm\nOld Saxon: harm\nMiddle Low German: *harm (possibly)\n→ Old Danish: harm\nDanish: harm\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: harm\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: harm",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *harm\nOld English: hearm\nOld Saxon: harm\nMiddle Low German: *harm (possibly)\n→ Old Danish: harm\nDanish: harm\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: harm\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: harm"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*pḱórmos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "shame, grief, torment, pain"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pḱórmos (“shame, grief, torment, pain”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*sormъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shame"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *sormъ (“shame”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "شرم⁩"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian شرم",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀",
        "t": "sense of shame"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀 (fšar^əma, “sense of shame”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pḱórmos (“shame, grief, torment, pain”), from *pḱer-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *sormъ (“shame”), Persian شرم , Avestan 𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀 (fšar^əma, “sense of shame”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harminiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harminiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harminē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harminē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "harm"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*harmaz",
        "10": "*harmaimiz",
        "11": "*harmō",
        "12": "*harmǭ",
        "13": "*harmaizōz",
        "14": "*harmaizōi",
        "15": "*harmaizō",
        "16": "*harmôz",
        "17": "*harmōz",
        "18": "*harmaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*harmaimaz",
        "2": "*harmanǭ",
        "20": "*harmaimiz",
        "21": "*harmą, -atō",
        "22": "*harmą, -atō",
        "23": "*harmas, -is",
        "24": "*harmammai",
        "25": "*harmanō",
        "26": "*harmō",
        "27": "*harmō",
        "28": "*harmaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*harmaimaz",
        "3": "*harmas, -is",
        "30": "*harmaimiz",
        "31": "*harmô",
        "32": "*harmanų",
        "33": "*harminiz",
        "34": "*harmini",
        "35": "*harminē",
        "36": "*harmaniz",
        "37": "*harmanunz",
        "38": "*harmanǫ̂",
        "39": "*harmammaz",
        "4": "*harmammai",
        "40": "*harmammiz",
        "41": "*harmǭ",
        "42": "*harmōnų",
        "43": "*harmōniz",
        "44": "*harmōni",
        "45": "*harmōnē",
        "46": "*harmōniz",
        "47": "*harmōnunz",
        "48": "*harmōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*harmōmaz",
        "5": "*harmanō",
        "50": "*harmōmiz",
        "51": "*harmô",
        "52": "*harmô",
        "53": "*harminiz",
        "54": "*harmini",
        "55": "*harminē",
        "56": "*harmōnō",
        "57": "*harmōnō",
        "58": "*harmanǫ̂",
        "59": "*harmammaz",
        "6": "*harmai",
        "60": "*harmammiz",
        "7": "*harmanz",
        "8": "*harmaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*harmaimaz",
        "title": "*harmaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harmaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "painful; sorrowful; doleful"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "painful",
          "painful"
        ],
        [
          "sorrowful",
          "sorrowful"
        ],
        [
          "doleful",
          "doleful"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "harmful; malicious; evil"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "harmful",
          "harmful"
        ],
        [
          "malicious",
          "malicious"
        ],
        [
          "evil",
          "evil"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxɑr.mɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "harmaz"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "harmalausaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "harmāną"
    },
    {
      "word": "harmijaną"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*harm",
            "id": "pain"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *harm\nOld English: hearm\nMiddle English: harm, harem, arme, herme\nEnglish: harm\nScots: herm, hairm\nYola: harrm\nOld Frisian: herm (in compounds)\nOld Saxon: harm\nMiddle Low German: harm, herm\nOld Dutch: harm\nMiddle Dutch: harm\nDutch: harm\nOld High German: harm, haram\nMiddle High German: harm\nGerman: Harm",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *harm\nOld English: hearm\nMiddle English: harm, harem, arme, herme\nEnglish: harm\nScots: herm, hairm\nYola: harrm\nOld Frisian: herm (in compounds)\nOld Saxon: harm\nMiddle Low German: harm, herm\nOld Dutch: harm\nMiddle Dutch: harm\nDutch: harm\nOld High German: harm, haram\nMiddle High German: harm\nGerman: Harm"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "harmr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: harmr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: harmr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "harmur"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: harmur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: harmur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "harmligur"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: harmligur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "(Faroese: harmligur)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "harme"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: harme",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Bokmål: harme"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "harm"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: harm",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: harm"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "harmber"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: harmber",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: harmber"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "harm"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: harm",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: harm"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "harmi",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Finnish: harmi",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Finnish: harmi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "harme"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: harme",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: harme"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*pḱórmos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "shame, grief, torment, pain"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pḱórmos (“shame, grief, torment, pain”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*sormъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shame"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *sormъ (“shame”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "شرم⁩"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian شرم",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀",
        "t": "sense of shame"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀 (fšar^əma, “sense of shame”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pḱórmos (“shame, grief, torment, pain”), from *pḱer-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *sormъ (“shame”), Persian شرم , Avestan 𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀 (fšar^əma, “sense of shame”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmamiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harmaz",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "harmōną"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "harm; shame; pain; injury"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "harm",
          "harm"
        ],
        [
          "shame",
          "shame"
        ],
        [
          "pain",
          "pain"
        ],
        [
          "injury",
          "injury"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxɑr.mɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "harmaz"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.