"hamfaz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See hamfaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

Etymology: Possibly, via an earlier sense “bent (out of shape), crooked”, from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to bend, curve”, but the reconstruction is disputed: * *kámpos (“bent, curved”), whence perhaps also Latin campus (“field”) and Proto-Slavic *kǫpъ ~ *kǫpa (“hill, island ~ clump, thicket; tassel”), apparently extended in *-p- from a root *kam-: compare Latin camur (“curved, bent, crooked”), Sanskrit क्मरति (kmárati, “to be curved”) (< *kam-er-); * *kómpos (id.), from a root *kemp-: compare Latvian kùmpt (“to be(come) bent”), Lithuanian kum̃pas (“curved”), Proto-Celtic *kambos (“twisted, crooked, bent, curved”) and possibly Proto-Germanic *huppōną (“to turn back, retreat”). In either case, considered cognate with Lithuanian kam̃pas (“corner”), Ancient Greek κάμπτω (kámptō, “to bend, bow, curve”) and Ancient Greek καμπή (kampḗ, “bend”). Derksen, maintaining the former etymology, supposes the u-vocalism of Lithuanian kum̃p- is secondary. Etymology templates: {{inh|gem-pro|ine-pro|-}} Proto-Indo-European, {{unk|gem-pro|disputed}} disputed, {{cog|la|campus|t=field}} Latin campus (“field”), {{cog|sla-pro|*kǫpъ}} Proto-Slavic *kǫpъ, {{m+|la|camur|t=curved, bent, crooked}} Latin camur (“curved, bent, crooked”), {{cog|sa|क्मरति|t=to be curved|tr=kmárati}} Sanskrit क्मरति (kmárati, “to be curved”), {{cog|lv|kùmpt|t=to be(come) bent}} Latvian kùmpt (“to be(come) bent”), {{cog|lt|kum̃pas|t=curved}} Lithuanian kum̃pas (“curved”), {{cog|cel-pro|*kambos|t=twisted, crooked, bent, curved}} Proto-Celtic *kambos (“twisted, crooked, bent, curved”), {{m+|gem-pro|*huppōną|t=to turn back, retreat}} Proto-Germanic *huppōną (“to turn back, retreat”), {{cog|lt|kam̃pas|t=corner}} Lithuanian kam̃pas (“corner”), {{cog|grc|κάμπτω|t=to bend, bow, curve}} Ancient Greek κάμπτω (kámptō, “to bend, bow, curve”), {{m+|grc|καμπή|t=bend}} Ancient Greek καμπή (kampḗ, “bend”), {{m+|lt||kum̃p-}} Lithuanian kum̃p- Head templates: {{head|gem-pro|adjective}} *hamfaz Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-adj-a|hamf}}, {{gem-decl-adj-table2|*hamfaz|*hamfanǭ|*hamfas, -is|*hamfammai|*hamfanō|*hamfai|*hamfanz|*hamfaizǫ̂|*hamfaimaz|*hamfaimiz|*hamfō|*hamfǭ|*hamfaizōz|*hamfaizōi|*hamfaizō|*hamfôz|*hamfōz|*hamfaizǫ̂|*hamfaimaz|*hamfaimiz|*hamfą, -atō|*hamfą, -atō|*hamfas, -is|*hamfammai|*hamfanō|*hamfō|*hamfō|*hamfaizǫ̂|*hamfaimaz|*hamfaimiz|*hamfô|*hamfanų|*hamfiniz|*hamfini|*hamfinē|*hamfaniz|*hamfanunz|*hamfanǫ̂|*hamfammaz|*hamfammiz|*hamfǭ|*hamfōnų|*hamfōniz|*hamfōni|*hamfōnē|*hamfōniz|*hamfōnunz|*hamfōnǫ̂|*hamfōmaz|*hamfōmiz|*hamfô|*hamfô|*hamfiniz|*hamfini|*hamfinē|*hamfōnō|*hamfōnō|*hamfanǫ̂|*hamfammaz|*hamfammiz|title=*hamfaz (a-stem)}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], hamfaz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], hamfai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], hamfō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], hamfôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], hamfą [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], hamfō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], hamfanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], hamfanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], hamfǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], hamfōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], hamfą [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], hamfō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], hamfas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], hamfaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], hamfaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], hamfaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], hamfas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], hamfaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], hamfammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], hamfaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], hamfaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], hamfaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], hamfammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], hamfaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], hamfanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], hamfaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], hamfaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], hamfaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], hamfanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], hamfaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], hamfô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], hamfaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], hamfǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], hamfōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], hamfô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], hamfōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], hamfanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], hamfanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], hamfōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], hamfōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], hamfô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], hamfōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], hamfiniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], hamfanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], hamfōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], hamfōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], hamfiniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], hamfanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], hamfini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], hamfammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], hamfōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], hamfōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], hamfini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], hamfammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], hamfinē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], hamfammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], hamfōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], hamfōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], hamfinē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], hamfammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. maimed, lame Wikipedia link: Brill Publishers Tags: reconstruction Synonyms: *hammaz
    Sense id: en-hamfaz-gem-pro-adj-qkuFSCXa Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header
     
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*hamf"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hamf\nOld Saxon: hāf\nOld High German: hamf",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hamf\nOld Saxon: hāf\nOld High German: hamf"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐌷𐌰𐌼𐍆𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌼𐍆𐍃 (hamfs)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌼𐍆𐍃 (hamfs)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "disputed"
      },
      "expansion": "disputed",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "campus",
        "t": "field"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin campus (“field”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*kǫpъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kǫpъ",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "camur",
        "t": "curved, bent, crooked"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin camur (“curved, bent, crooked”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "क्मरति",
        "t": "to be curved",
        "tr": "kmárati"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit क्मरति (kmárati, “to be curved”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "kùmpt",
        "t": "to be(come) bent"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian kùmpt (“to be(come) bent”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "kum̃pas",
        "t": "curved"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian kum̃pas (“curved”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*kambos",
        "t": "twisted, crooked, bent, curved"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kambos (“twisted, crooked, bent, curved”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*huppōną",
        "t": "to turn back, retreat"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *huppōną (“to turn back, retreat”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "kam̃pas",
        "t": "corner"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian kam̃pas (“corner”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κάμπτω",
        "t": "to bend, bow, curve"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κάμπτω (kámptō, “to bend, bow, curve”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "καμπή",
        "t": "bend"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek καμπή (kampḗ, “bend”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "",
        "3": "kum̃p-"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian kum̃p-",
      "name": "m+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Possibly, via an earlier sense “bent (out of shape), crooked”, from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to bend, curve”, but the reconstruction is disputed:\n* *kámpos (“bent, curved”), whence perhaps also Latin campus (“field”) and Proto-Slavic *kǫpъ ~ *kǫpa (“hill, island ~ clump, thicket; tassel”), apparently extended in *-p- from a root *kam-: compare Latin camur (“curved, bent, crooked”), Sanskrit क्मरति (kmárati, “to be curved”) (< *kam-er-);\n* *kómpos (id.), from a root *kemp-: compare Latvian kùmpt (“to be(come) bent”), Lithuanian kum̃pas (“curved”), Proto-Celtic *kambos (“twisted, crooked, bent, curved”) and possibly Proto-Germanic *huppōną (“to turn back, retreat”).\nIn either case, considered cognate with Lithuanian kam̃pas (“corner”), Ancient Greek κάμπτω (kámptō, “to bend, bow, curve”) and Ancient Greek καμπή (kampḗ, “bend”). Derksen, maintaining the former etymology, supposes the u-vocalism of Lithuanian kum̃p- is secondary.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "*hamfaz",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hamf"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*hamfaz",
        "10": "*hamfaimiz",
        "11": "*hamfō",
        "12": "*hamfǭ",
        "13": "*hamfaizōz",
        "14": "*hamfaizōi",
        "15": "*hamfaizō",
        "16": "*hamfôz",
        "17": "*hamfōz",
        "18": "*hamfaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*hamfaimaz",
        "2": "*hamfanǭ",
        "20": "*hamfaimiz",
        "21": "*hamfą, -atō",
        "22": "*hamfą, -atō",
        "23": "*hamfas, -is",
        "24": "*hamfammai",
        "25": "*hamfanō",
        "26": "*hamfō",
        "27": "*hamfō",
        "28": "*hamfaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*hamfaimaz",
        "3": "*hamfas, -is",
        "30": "*hamfaimiz",
        "31": "*hamfô",
        "32": "*hamfanų",
        "33": "*hamfiniz",
        "34": "*hamfini",
        "35": "*hamfinē",
        "36": "*hamfaniz",
        "37": "*hamfanunz",
        "38": "*hamfanǫ̂",
        "39": "*hamfammaz",
        "4": "*hamfammai",
        "40": "*hamfammiz",
        "41": "*hamfǭ",
        "42": "*hamfōnų",
        "43": "*hamfōniz",
        "44": "*hamfōni",
        "45": "*hamfōnē",
        "46": "*hamfōniz",
        "47": "*hamfōnunz",
        "48": "*hamfōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*hamfōmaz",
        "5": "*hamfanō",
        "50": "*hamfōmiz",
        "51": "*hamfô",
        "52": "*hamfô",
        "53": "*hamfiniz",
        "54": "*hamfini",
        "55": "*hamfinē",
        "56": "*hamfōnō",
        "57": "*hamfōnō",
        "58": "*hamfanǫ̂",
        "59": "*hamfammaz",
        "6": "*hamfai",
        "60": "*hamfammiz",
        "7": "*hamfanz",
        "8": "*hamfaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*hamfaimaz",
        "title": "*hamfaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hamfaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "maimed, lame"
      ],
      "id": "en-hamfaz-gem-pro-adj-qkuFSCXa",
      "links": [
        [
          "maimed",
          "maimed"
        ],
        [
          "lame",
          "lame"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*hammaz"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "hamfaz"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*hamf"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hamf\nOld Saxon: hāf\nOld High German: hamf",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hamf\nOld Saxon: hāf\nOld High German: hamf"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐌷𐌰𐌼𐍆𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌼𐍆𐍃 (hamfs)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌼𐍆𐍃 (hamfs)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "disputed"
      },
      "expansion": "disputed",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "campus",
        "t": "field"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin campus (“field”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*kǫpъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kǫpъ",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "camur",
        "t": "curved, bent, crooked"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin camur (“curved, bent, crooked”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "क्मरति",
        "t": "to be curved",
        "tr": "kmárati"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit क्मरति (kmárati, “to be curved”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "kùmpt",
        "t": "to be(come) bent"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian kùmpt (“to be(come) bent”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "kum̃pas",
        "t": "curved"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian kum̃pas (“curved”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*kambos",
        "t": "twisted, crooked, bent, curved"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kambos (“twisted, crooked, bent, curved”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*huppōną",
        "t": "to turn back, retreat"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *huppōną (“to turn back, retreat”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "kam̃pas",
        "t": "corner"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian kam̃pas (“corner”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κάμπτω",
        "t": "to bend, bow, curve"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κάμπτω (kámptō, “to bend, bow, curve”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "καμπή",
        "t": "bend"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek καμπή (kampḗ, “bend”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "",
        "3": "kum̃p-"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian kum̃p-",
      "name": "m+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Possibly, via an earlier sense “bent (out of shape), crooked”, from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to bend, curve”, but the reconstruction is disputed:\n* *kámpos (“bent, curved”), whence perhaps also Latin campus (“field”) and Proto-Slavic *kǫpъ ~ *kǫpa (“hill, island ~ clump, thicket; tassel”), apparently extended in *-p- from a root *kam-: compare Latin camur (“curved, bent, crooked”), Sanskrit क्मरति (kmárati, “to be curved”) (< *kam-er-);\n* *kómpos (id.), from a root *kemp-: compare Latvian kùmpt (“to be(come) bent”), Lithuanian kum̃pas (“curved”), Proto-Celtic *kambos (“twisted, crooked, bent, curved”) and possibly Proto-Germanic *huppōną (“to turn back, retreat”).\nIn either case, considered cognate with Lithuanian kam̃pas (“corner”), Ancient Greek κάμπτω (kámptō, “to bend, bow, curve”) and Ancient Greek καμπή (kampḗ, “bend”). Derksen, maintaining the former etymology, supposes the u-vocalism of Lithuanian kum̃p- is secondary.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamfammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "*hamfaz",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hamf"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*hamfaz",
        "10": "*hamfaimiz",
        "11": "*hamfō",
        "12": "*hamfǭ",
        "13": "*hamfaizōz",
        "14": "*hamfaizōi",
        "15": "*hamfaizō",
        "16": "*hamfôz",
        "17": "*hamfōz",
        "18": "*hamfaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*hamfaimaz",
        "2": "*hamfanǭ",
        "20": "*hamfaimiz",
        "21": "*hamfą, -atō",
        "22": "*hamfą, -atō",
        "23": "*hamfas, -is",
        "24": "*hamfammai",
        "25": "*hamfanō",
        "26": "*hamfō",
        "27": "*hamfō",
        "28": "*hamfaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*hamfaimaz",
        "3": "*hamfas, -is",
        "30": "*hamfaimiz",
        "31": "*hamfô",
        "32": "*hamfanų",
        "33": "*hamfiniz",
        "34": "*hamfini",
        "35": "*hamfinē",
        "36": "*hamfaniz",
        "37": "*hamfanunz",
        "38": "*hamfanǫ̂",
        "39": "*hamfammaz",
        "4": "*hamfammai",
        "40": "*hamfammiz",
        "41": "*hamfǭ",
        "42": "*hamfōnų",
        "43": "*hamfōniz",
        "44": "*hamfōni",
        "45": "*hamfōnē",
        "46": "*hamfōniz",
        "47": "*hamfōnunz",
        "48": "*hamfōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*hamfōmaz",
        "5": "*hamfanō",
        "50": "*hamfōmiz",
        "51": "*hamfô",
        "52": "*hamfô",
        "53": "*hamfiniz",
        "54": "*hamfini",
        "55": "*hamfinē",
        "56": "*hamfōnō",
        "57": "*hamfōnō",
        "58": "*hamfanǫ̂",
        "59": "*hamfammaz",
        "6": "*hamfai",
        "60": "*hamfammiz",
        "7": "*hamfanz",
        "8": "*hamfaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*hamfaimaz",
        "title": "*hamfaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hamfaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "maimed, lame"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "maimed",
          "maimed"
        ],
        [
          "lame",
          "lame"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*hammaz"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "hamfaz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for hamfaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (11.9kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.