See hakô in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hakō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hakō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hakō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "haca",
"3": "hæca"
},
"expansion": "Old English: haca, hæca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: haca, hæca"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "*hake"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: *hake",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: *hake"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hake"
},
"expansion": "English: hake",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hake"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "hake",
"3": "haik"
},
"expansion": "Scots: hake, haik",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: hake, haik"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hæċċe",
"der": "1",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old English: hæċċe f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old English: hæċċe f (< *hakjǭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "haka"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: haka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: haka"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Hoake"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Hoake",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Hoake"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "heak"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: heak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: heak"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "haco",
"3": "hako"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: haco, hako",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: haco, hako"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "hāke"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: hāke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: hāke"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Hake",
"3": "Haak"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Hake, Haak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Hake, Haak"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*hako"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *hako",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *hako"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "hake"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: hake\nDutch: haak\nAfrikaans: haak\nBerbice Creole Dutch: haki\nNegerhollands: huk\n→ Indonesian: hak\n→ Papiamentu: hak, haak\n→ Sranan Tongo: aka\n→ Caribbean Javanese: akah\nLimburgish: haok",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: hake\nDutch: haak\nAfrikaans: haak\nBerbice Creole Dutch: haki\nNegerhollands: huk\n→ Indonesian: hak\n→ Papiamentu: hak, haak\n→ Sranan Tongo: aka\n→ Caribbean Javanese: akah\nLimburgish: haok"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "haho",
"3": "hako"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: haho, hako\nMiddle High German: hāken\nGerman: Haken\n→ Czech: hák\n→ Polish: hak",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: haho, hako\nMiddle High German: hāken\nGerman: Haken\n→ Czech: hák\n→ Polish: hak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "haki"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: haki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: haki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "haki"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: haki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: haki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "haki"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: haki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: haki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "hake"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: hake",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: hake"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "hake"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: hake",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: hake"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "atji"
},
"expansion": "Elfdalian: atji",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Elfdalian: atji"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "haki"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: haki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: haki"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "hake"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: hake",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: hake"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "hage"
},
"expansion": "Danish: hage",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: hage"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"t": "tooth",
"tr": "kaka-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (kaka-, “tooth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kogъtь",
"t": "claw, talon"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kogъtь (“claw, talon”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keg-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keg-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "چنگ",
"t": "claw, talon",
"tr": "čang"
},
"expansion": "Persian چنگ (čang, “claw, talon”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Appears to stem from a pre-Germanic *kh₂/₃k-on-, with no certain cognates outside of Germanic, due to a degree of semantic uncertainty with words of similar sound and meaning in other branches. Orel compares Hittite [script needed] (kaka-, “tooth”) and Proto-Slavic *kogъtь (“claw, talon”). The Germanic has been traditionally reconstructed further to a Proto-Indo-European *keg-, *keng- (“peg; hook”), and, in addition to the Slavic, compared with Persian چنگ (čang, “claw, talon”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hakô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hakaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hakô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hakaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hakanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hakanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hakiniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hakanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hakini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hakammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hakinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hakammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hakô",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hook"
],
"id": "en-hakô-gem-pro-noun-Bkgpi0i-",
"links": [
[
"hook",
"hook"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hēkô"
},
{
"word": "hōkaz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɑ.kɔːː/"
}
],
"word": "hakô"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hakō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hakō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hakō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "haca",
"3": "hæca"
},
"expansion": "Old English: haca, hæca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: haca, hæca"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "*hake"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: *hake",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: *hake"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hake"
},
"expansion": "English: hake",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hake"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "hake",
"3": "haik"
},
"expansion": "Scots: hake, haik",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: hake, haik"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hæċċe",
"der": "1",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old English: hæċċe f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old English: hæċċe f (< *hakjǭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "haka"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: haka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: haka"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Hoake"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Hoake",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Hoake"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "heak"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: heak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: heak"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "haco",
"3": "hako"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: haco, hako",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: haco, hako"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "hāke"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: hāke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: hāke"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Hake",
"3": "Haak"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Hake, Haak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Hake, Haak"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*hako"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *hako",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *hako"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "hake"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: hake\nDutch: haak\nAfrikaans: haak\nBerbice Creole Dutch: haki\nNegerhollands: huk\n→ Indonesian: hak\n→ Papiamentu: hak, haak\n→ Sranan Tongo: aka\n→ Caribbean Javanese: akah\nLimburgish: haok",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: hake\nDutch: haak\nAfrikaans: haak\nBerbice Creole Dutch: haki\nNegerhollands: huk\n→ Indonesian: hak\n→ Papiamentu: hak, haak\n→ Sranan Tongo: aka\n→ Caribbean Javanese: akah\nLimburgish: haok"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "haho",
"3": "hako"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: haho, hako\nMiddle High German: hāken\nGerman: Haken\n→ Czech: hák\n→ Polish: hak",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: haho, hako\nMiddle High German: hāken\nGerman: Haken\n→ Czech: hák\n→ Polish: hak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "haki"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: haki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: haki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "haki"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: haki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: haki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "haki"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: haki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: haki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "hake"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: hake",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: hake"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "hake"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: hake",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: hake"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "atji"
},
"expansion": "Elfdalian: atji",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Elfdalian: atji"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "haki"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: haki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: haki"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "hake"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: hake",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: hake"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "hage"
},
"expansion": "Danish: hage",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: hage"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"t": "tooth",
"tr": "kaka-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (kaka-, “tooth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kogъtь",
"t": "claw, talon"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kogъtь (“claw, talon”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keg-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keg-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "چنگ",
"t": "claw, talon",
"tr": "čang"
},
"expansion": "Persian چنگ (čang, “claw, talon”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Appears to stem from a pre-Germanic *kh₂/₃k-on-, with no certain cognates outside of Germanic, due to a degree of semantic uncertainty with words of similar sound and meaning in other branches. Orel compares Hittite [script needed] (kaka-, “tooth”) and Proto-Slavic *kogъtь (“claw, talon”). The Germanic has been traditionally reconstructed further to a Proto-Indo-European *keg-, *keng- (“peg; hook”), and, in addition to the Slavic, compared with Persian چنگ (čang, “claw, talon”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hakô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hakaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hakô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hakaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hakanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hakanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hakiniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hakanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hakini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hakammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hakinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hakammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hakô",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic an-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Requests for native script for Hittite terms"
],
"glosses": [
"hook"
],
"links": [
[
"hook",
"hook"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɑ.kɔːː/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hēkô"
},
{
"word": "hōkaz"
}
],
"word": "hakô"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hakô meaning in Proto-Germanic (7.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (b81b832 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.