See habukaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*habuk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *habuk\nOld English: hafuc, hafoc, heafoc, heafuc\nMiddle English: hauk, hafek, havek, havk, hawk, hawke, hafvek, hævek, heavek, hevek (Early Middle English)\nEnglish: hawk\nSranan Tongo: aka\nScots: hawk\n→ Old Irish: sebac\nIrish: seabhac\nManx: shawk\nScottish Gaelic: seabhag\nOld Frisian: havek, hauk\nNorth Frisian: hafk, häfk\nSaterland Frisian: Hauk\nWest Frisian: hauk\nOld Saxon: havuk, haƀuk\nMiddle Low German: hāvek, hāvik\nGerman Low German: Haavke\nLow German: Haavk, Havik, Haav, Hoovk\n→ Polabian: ofkă\nOld Dutch: *havuk, havek\nMiddle Dutch: hāvec, hāvic\nDutch: havik\nAfrikaans: hawik\nOld High German: habuch, habuh\nMiddle High German: habech, habeh, habich, habch, hebech, hebich, hock\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Hawich\nGerman: Habicht\nSwabian: Hack",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *habuk\nOld English: hafuc, hafoc, heafoc, heafuc\nMiddle English: hauk, hafek, havek, havk, hawk, hawke, hafvek, hævek, heavek, hevek (Early Middle English)\nEnglish: hawk\nSranan Tongo: aka\nScots: hawk\n→ Old Irish: sebac\nIrish: seabhac\nManx: shawk\nScottish Gaelic: seabhag\nOld Frisian: havek, hauk\nNorth Frisian: hafk, häfk\nSaterland Frisian: Hauk\nWest Frisian: hauk\nOld Saxon: havuk, haƀuk\nMiddle Low German: hāvek, hāvik\nGerman Low German: Haavke\nLow German: Haavk, Havik, Haav, Hoovk\n→ Polabian: ofkă\nOld Dutch: *havuk, havek\nMiddle Dutch: hāvec, hāvic\nDutch: havik\nAfrikaans: hawik\nOld High German: habuch, habuh\nMiddle High German: habech, habeh, habich, habch, hebech, hebich, hock\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Hawich\nGerman: Habicht\nSwabian: Hack"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "haukr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: haukr\nIcelandic: haukur\nFaroese: heykur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: hauk\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: hauk\nElfdalian: ok\nOld Swedish: hø̄ker\nSwedish: hök\nOld Danish: høk\nDanish: høg\nNorwegian Bokmål: høk (obsolete)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: haukr\nIcelandic: haukur\nFaroese: heykur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: hauk\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: hauk\nElfdalian: ok\nOld Swedish: hø̄ker\nSwedish: hök\nOld Danish: høk\nDanish: høg\nNorwegian Bokmål: høk (obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*habukka",
"3": "*habuk'as",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *habukka, *habuk'as",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *habukka, *habuk'as"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "haugas"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: haugas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: haugas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "haukka"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: haukka",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: haukka, (dialectal) havukka"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "haukka"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: haukka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: haukka"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "habuk"
},
"expansion": "Veps: habuk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: habuk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "der",
"3": "unc",
"4": "ine-pro>*kap->seize",
"id": "hawk"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kap-",
"4": "",
"5": "seize"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kap- (“seize”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kobь̀cь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kobь̀cь",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "capys"
},
"expansion": "Latin capys",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "gabonjë",
"3": "",
"4": "eagle, griffon vulture, hawk"
},
"expansion": "Albanian gabonjë (“eagle, griffon vulture, hawk”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *kap- (“seize”), but in view of Proto-Slavic *kobь̀cь, *kobъzъ (“small bird of prey: falcon ~ sparrowhawk ~ merlin ~ buzzard”) apparently from a word along the lines of *kobʰuǵos. Kroonen (2013), however, considers the sound correspondences between the words in different Indo-European branches to be too irregular and thus views it as a Wanderwort rather than a common PIE inheritance. Note also Latin capys, capus (“bird of prey”) and Albanian gabonjë (“eagle, griffon vulture, hawk”), themselves of unknown and likely substrate origin. If the Slavic cognate is a native formation, the Germanic may have been borrowed from it at an early stage prior to Grimm's law.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "habukaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "habukōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "habukōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "habuk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "habukōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "habukōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "habuką",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "habukanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "habukas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "habukis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "habukǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "habukai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "habukamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "habukō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "habukamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/habukaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "sparwahabukaz"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hawk"
],
"id": "en-habukaz-gem-pro-noun-ATm8Xeuq",
"links": [
[
"hawk",
"hawk"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɑ.βu.kɑz/"
}
],
"word": "habukaz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "sparwahabukaz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*habuk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *habuk\nOld English: hafuc, hafoc, heafoc, heafuc\nMiddle English: hauk, hafek, havek, havk, hawk, hawke, hafvek, hævek, heavek, hevek (Early Middle English)\nEnglish: hawk\nSranan Tongo: aka\nScots: hawk\n→ Old Irish: sebac\nIrish: seabhac\nManx: shawk\nScottish Gaelic: seabhag\nOld Frisian: havek, hauk\nNorth Frisian: hafk, häfk\nSaterland Frisian: Hauk\nWest Frisian: hauk\nOld Saxon: havuk, haƀuk\nMiddle Low German: hāvek, hāvik\nGerman Low German: Haavke\nLow German: Haavk, Havik, Haav, Hoovk\n→ Polabian: ofkă\nOld Dutch: *havuk, havek\nMiddle Dutch: hāvec, hāvic\nDutch: havik\nAfrikaans: hawik\nOld High German: habuch, habuh\nMiddle High German: habech, habeh, habich, habch, hebech, hebich, hock\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Hawich\nGerman: Habicht\nSwabian: Hack",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *habuk\nOld English: hafuc, hafoc, heafoc, heafuc\nMiddle English: hauk, hafek, havek, havk, hawk, hawke, hafvek, hævek, heavek, hevek (Early Middle English)\nEnglish: hawk\nSranan Tongo: aka\nScots: hawk\n→ Old Irish: sebac\nIrish: seabhac\nManx: shawk\nScottish Gaelic: seabhag\nOld Frisian: havek, hauk\nNorth Frisian: hafk, häfk\nSaterland Frisian: Hauk\nWest Frisian: hauk\nOld Saxon: havuk, haƀuk\nMiddle Low German: hāvek, hāvik\nGerman Low German: Haavke\nLow German: Haavk, Havik, Haav, Hoovk\n→ Polabian: ofkă\nOld Dutch: *havuk, havek\nMiddle Dutch: hāvec, hāvic\nDutch: havik\nAfrikaans: hawik\nOld High German: habuch, habuh\nMiddle High German: habech, habeh, habich, habch, hebech, hebich, hock\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Hawich\nGerman: Habicht\nSwabian: Hack"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "haukr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: haukr\nIcelandic: haukur\nFaroese: heykur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: hauk\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: hauk\nElfdalian: ok\nOld Swedish: hø̄ker\nSwedish: hök\nOld Danish: høk\nDanish: høg\nNorwegian Bokmål: høk (obsolete)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: haukr\nIcelandic: haukur\nFaroese: heykur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: hauk\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: hauk\nElfdalian: ok\nOld Swedish: hø̄ker\nSwedish: hök\nOld Danish: høk\nDanish: høg\nNorwegian Bokmål: høk (obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*habukka",
"3": "*habuk'as",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *habukka, *habuk'as",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *habukka, *habuk'as"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "haugas"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: haugas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: haugas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "haukka"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: haukka",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: haukka, (dialectal) havukka"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "haukka"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: haukka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: haukka"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "habuk"
},
"expansion": "Veps: habuk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: habuk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "der",
"3": "unc",
"4": "ine-pro>*kap->seize",
"id": "hawk"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kap-",
"4": "",
"5": "seize"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kap- (“seize”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kobь̀cь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kobь̀cь",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "capys"
},
"expansion": "Latin capys",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "gabonjë",
"3": "",
"4": "eagle, griffon vulture, hawk"
},
"expansion": "Albanian gabonjë (“eagle, griffon vulture, hawk”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *kap- (“seize”), but in view of Proto-Slavic *kobь̀cь, *kobъzъ (“small bird of prey: falcon ~ sparrowhawk ~ merlin ~ buzzard”) apparently from a word along the lines of *kobʰuǵos. Kroonen (2013), however, considers the sound correspondences between the words in different Indo-European branches to be too irregular and thus views it as a Wanderwort rather than a common PIE inheritance. Note also Latin capys, capus (“bird of prey”) and Albanian gabonjë (“eagle, griffon vulture, hawk”), themselves of unknown and likely substrate origin. If the Slavic cognate is a native formation, the Germanic may have been borrowed from it at an early stage prior to Grimm's law.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "habukaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "habukōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "habukōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "habuk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "habukōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "habukōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "habuką",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "habukanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "habukas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "habukis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "habukǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "habukai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "habukamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "habukō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "habukamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/habukaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from substrate languages",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kap- (seize)",
"gem-pro:Birds of prey"
],
"glosses": [
"hawk"
],
"links": [
[
"hawk",
"hawk"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɑ.βu.kɑz/"
}
],
"word": "habukaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for habukaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.