See hūnaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*hūn"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *hūn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *hūn (attested in derivatives and personal names: Hūnbald, Ælfhūn, etc.)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hun",
"3": "hune",
"4": "houn",
"5": "hownde"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: hun, hune, houn, hownde",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "also possibly from Old Norse"
},
"expansion": "(also possibly from Old Norse)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: hun, hune, houn, hownde (also possibly from Old Norse)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "hun",
"3": "hune",
"4": "huin"
},
"expansion": "Scots: hun, hune, huin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: hun, hune, huin"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hune",
"3": "hound"
},
"expansion": "English: hune, hound",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hune, hound"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sċealdhūn",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old English: sċealdhūn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old English: sċealdhūn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*hūn"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *hūn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *hūn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "hun",
"3": "hune",
"alt": "hūn",
"alt2": "hūne"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: hūn, hūne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: hūn, hūne"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "huin"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: huin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: huin"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "Hūn-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: Hūn-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: Hūn- (in personal names)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Alsatian: hünsch"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "húnn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: húnn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: húnn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "húnn"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: húnn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: húnn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "hun"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: hun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: hun"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "hun",
"alt": "hūn"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: hūn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: hūn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "hune",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: hune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: hune"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "hune"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: hune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: hune"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "hune"
},
"expansion": "French: hune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: hune"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xvn",
"2": "*hūna-"
},
"expansion": "Vandalic: *hūna-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vandalic: *hūna- (in personal names)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱewh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱuh₁nós",
"4": "*ḱūnós",
"5": "swollen"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱūnós (“swollen”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शुन",
"3": "",
"4": "thriving",
"tr": "śuná"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शुन (śuná, “thriving”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "šusnis",
"3": "šūsnis",
"4": "stack, pile, heap"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian šūsnis (“stack, pile, heap”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "inciēns",
"3": "",
"4": "with child, pregnant"
},
"expansion": "Latin inciēns (“with child, pregnant”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ḱūnós (“swollen”), whence also Sanskrit शुन (śuná, “thriving”), from an n-stem or heteroclitic r/n-stem derived from the root *ḱewh₁-, *ḱweh₁- (“to swell, spread out, enlarge, be strong”). Further cognate with Lithuanian šūsnis (“stack, pile, heap”), Latin inciēns (“with child, pregnant”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hūnaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hūnōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hūnōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hūnōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hūnōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hūną",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hūnanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hūnas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hūnis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hūnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hūnai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hūnamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hūnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hūnamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hūnaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 13 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 26 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"something swollen; a swelling"
],
"id": "en-hūnaz-gem-pro-noun-c2iihq~-",
"links": [
[
"swollen",
"swollen"
],
[
"swelling",
"swelling"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 13 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 26 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"piece of wood; block; chip"
],
"id": "en-hūnaz-gem-pro-noun-IL2D-IDO",
"links": [
[
"block",
"block"
],
[
"chip",
"chip"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 13 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 26 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 19 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"offspring; young"
],
"id": "en-hūnaz-gem-pro-noun-kBqGe~if",
"links": [
[
"offspring",
"offspring"
],
[
"young",
"young"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxuː.nɑz/"
}
],
"word": "hūnaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱewh₁-",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*hūn"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *hūn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *hūn (attested in derivatives and personal names: Hūnbald, Ælfhūn, etc.)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hun",
"3": "hune",
"4": "houn",
"5": "hownde"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: hun, hune, houn, hownde",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "also possibly from Old Norse"
},
"expansion": "(also possibly from Old Norse)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: hun, hune, houn, hownde (also possibly from Old Norse)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "hun",
"3": "hune",
"4": "huin"
},
"expansion": "Scots: hun, hune, huin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: hun, hune, huin"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hune",
"3": "hound"
},
"expansion": "English: hune, hound",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hune, hound"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sċealdhūn",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old English: sċealdhūn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old English: sċealdhūn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*hūn"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *hūn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *hūn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "hun",
"3": "hune",
"alt": "hūn",
"alt2": "hūne"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: hūn, hūne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: hūn, hūne"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "huin"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: huin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: huin"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "Hūn-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: Hūn-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: Hūn- (in personal names)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Alsatian: hünsch"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "húnn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: húnn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: húnn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "húnn"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: húnn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: húnn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "hun"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: hun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: hun"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "hun",
"alt": "hūn"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: hūn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: hūn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "hune",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: hune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: hune"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "hune"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: hune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: hune"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "hune"
},
"expansion": "French: hune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: hune"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xvn",
"2": "*hūna-"
},
"expansion": "Vandalic: *hūna-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vandalic: *hūna- (in personal names)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱewh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱuh₁nós",
"4": "*ḱūnós",
"5": "swollen"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱūnós (“swollen”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शुन",
"3": "",
"4": "thriving",
"tr": "śuná"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शुन (śuná, “thriving”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "šusnis",
"3": "šūsnis",
"4": "stack, pile, heap"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian šūsnis (“stack, pile, heap”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "inciēns",
"3": "",
"4": "with child, pregnant"
},
"expansion": "Latin inciēns (“with child, pregnant”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ḱūnós (“swollen”), whence also Sanskrit शुन (śuná, “thriving”), from an n-stem or heteroclitic r/n-stem derived from the root *ḱewh₁-, *ḱweh₁- (“to swell, spread out, enlarge, be strong”). Further cognate with Lithuanian šūsnis (“stack, pile, heap”), Latin inciēns (“with child, pregnant”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hūnaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hūnōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hūnōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hūnōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hūnōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hūną",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hūnanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hūnas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hūnis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hūnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hūnai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hūnamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hūnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hūnamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hūnaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"something swollen; a swelling"
],
"links": [
[
"swollen",
"swollen"
],
[
"swelling",
"swelling"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"piece of wood; block; chip"
],
"links": [
[
"block",
"block"
],
[
"chip",
"chip"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"offspring; young"
],
"links": [
[
"offspring",
"offspring"
],
[
"young",
"young"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxuː.nɑz/"
}
],
"word": "hūnaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hūnaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.