See grubaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*grob",
"3": "*gahrob"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *grob, *gahrob",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *grob, *gahrob"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*grof"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *grof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *grof"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "groaf"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: groaf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: groaf"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "grof"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: grof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: grof"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*grof"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *grof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *grof"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "grof",
"3": "grōv-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: grof, grōv-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: grof, grōv-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "groff"
},
"expansion": "Low German: groff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: groff"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "groff"
},
"expansion": "Plautdietsch: groff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Plautdietsch: groff"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "grófr",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Norse: grófr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Norse: grófr (descendants may reflect other forms)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: grov"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "grov"
},
"expansion": "Danish: grov",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: grov"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "grōver"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: grōver",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: grōver"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "grov"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: grov",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: grov"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*grof"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *grof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *grof"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "grof"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: grof\nDutch: grof\nAfrikaans: grof\nBerbice Creole Dutch: grofu\nNegerhollands: grof\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: grof (dated)\n→ Papiamentu: gròf, grof\n→ Sranan Tongo: grofu\n→ Caribbean Hindustani: grofu\n→ Caribbean Javanese: grofu\n→ Saramaccan: goófu\nLimburgish: graof\n→ English: gruff",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: grof\nDutch: grof\nAfrikaans: grof\nBerbice Creole Dutch: grofu\nNegerhollands: grof\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: grof (dated)\n→ Papiamentu: gròf, grof\n→ Sranan Tongo: grofu\n→ Caribbean Hindustani: grofu\n→ Caribbean Javanese: grofu\n→ Saramaccan: goófu\nLimburgish: graof\n→ English: gruff"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "grob",
"3": "girob"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: grob, girob",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: grob, girob"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "grop",
"3": "grob"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: grop, grob",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: grop, grob"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "grob"
},
"expansion": "German: grob",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: grob"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "griobo",
"der": "1",
"pos": "n"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old High German: griobo (noun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old High German: griobo (noun) (< *greubô)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "griebe"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: griebe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: griebe"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "Grüübi"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: Grüübi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: Grüübi"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Griebe"
},
"expansion": "German: Griebe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Griebe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰrewbʰ-",
"t": "to grind"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰrewbʰ- (“to grind”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "grubus",
"3": "",
"4": "rough"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian grubus (“rough”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "grȗb",
"t": "rough, coarse"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian grȗb (“rough, coarse”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ga-",
"3": "*hrubaz"
},
"expansion": "*ga- + *hrubaz",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hreubaz",
"t": "scabby, rough"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hreubaz (“scabby, rough”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Origin uncertain. According to Kroonen, from Pre-Germanic *gʰrubʰos, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrewbʰ- (“to grind”); see *greupaną (“to cut up, grind”) for more. Compare also Lithuanian grubus (“rough”), Serbo-Croatian grȗb (“rough, coarse”).\nAlternatively from *ga- + *hrubaz, related to Proto-Germanic *hreubaz (“scabby, rough”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "grubaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubanǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubaizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubiniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubiniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grub"
},
"name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*grubaz",
"10": "*grubaimiz",
"11": "*grubō",
"12": "*grubǭ",
"13": "*grubaizōz",
"14": "*grubaizōi",
"15": "*grubaizō",
"16": "*grubôz",
"17": "*grubōz",
"18": "*grubaizǫ̂",
"19": "*grubaimaz",
"2": "*grubanǭ",
"20": "*grubaimiz",
"21": "*grubą, -atō",
"22": "*grubą, -atō",
"23": "*grubas, -is",
"24": "*grubammai",
"25": "*grubanō",
"26": "*grubō",
"27": "*grubō",
"28": "*grubaizǫ̂",
"29": "*grubaimaz",
"3": "*grubas, -is",
"30": "*grubaimiz",
"31": "*grubô",
"32": "*grubanų",
"33": "*grubiniz",
"34": "*grubini",
"35": "*grubinē",
"36": "*grubaniz",
"37": "*grubanunz",
"38": "*grubanǫ̂",
"39": "*grubammaz",
"4": "*grubammai",
"40": "*grubammiz",
"41": "*grubǭ",
"42": "*grubōnų",
"43": "*grubōniz",
"44": "*grubōni",
"45": "*grubōnē",
"46": "*grubōniz",
"47": "*grubōnunz",
"48": "*grubōnǫ̂",
"49": "*grubōmaz",
"5": "*grubanō",
"50": "*grubōmiz",
"51": "*grubô",
"52": "*grubô",
"53": "*grubiniz",
"54": "*grubini",
"55": "*grubinē",
"56": "*grubōnō",
"57": "*grubōnō",
"58": "*grubanǫ̂",
"59": "*grubammaz",
"6": "*grubai",
"60": "*grubammiz",
"7": "*grubanz",
"8": "*grubaizǫ̂",
"9": "*grubaimaz",
"title": "*grubaz (a-stem)"
},
"name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grubaz",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic terms prefixed with *ga-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"coarse, rough"
],
"id": "en-grubaz-gem-pro-adj-dvL82KAP",
"links": [
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "greubô"
},
{
"word": "greupaną"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣru.βɑz/"
}
],
"word": "grubaz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*grob",
"3": "*gahrob"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *grob, *gahrob",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *grob, *gahrob"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*grof"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *grof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *grof"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "groaf"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: groaf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: groaf"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "grof"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: grof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: grof"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*grof"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *grof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *grof"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "grof",
"3": "grōv-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: grof, grōv-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: grof, grōv-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "groff"
},
"expansion": "Low German: groff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: groff"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "groff"
},
"expansion": "Plautdietsch: groff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Plautdietsch: groff"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "grófr",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Norse: grófr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Norse: grófr (descendants may reflect other forms)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: grov"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "grov"
},
"expansion": "Danish: grov",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: grov"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "grōver"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: grōver",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: grōver"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "grov"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: grov",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: grov"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*grof"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *grof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *grof"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "grof"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: grof\nDutch: grof\nAfrikaans: grof\nBerbice Creole Dutch: grofu\nNegerhollands: grof\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: grof (dated)\n→ Papiamentu: gròf, grof\n→ Sranan Tongo: grofu\n→ Caribbean Hindustani: grofu\n→ Caribbean Javanese: grofu\n→ Saramaccan: goófu\nLimburgish: graof\n→ English: gruff",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: grof\nDutch: grof\nAfrikaans: grof\nBerbice Creole Dutch: grofu\nNegerhollands: grof\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: grof (dated)\n→ Papiamentu: gròf, grof\n→ Sranan Tongo: grofu\n→ Caribbean Hindustani: grofu\n→ Caribbean Javanese: grofu\n→ Saramaccan: goófu\nLimburgish: graof\n→ English: gruff"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "grob",
"3": "girob"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: grob, girob",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: grob, girob"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "grop",
"3": "grob"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: grop, grob",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: grop, grob"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "grob"
},
"expansion": "German: grob",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: grob"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "griobo",
"der": "1",
"pos": "n"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old High German: griobo (noun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old High German: griobo (noun) (< *greubô)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "griebe"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: griebe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: griebe"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "Grüübi"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: Grüübi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: Grüübi"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Griebe"
},
"expansion": "German: Griebe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Griebe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰrewbʰ-",
"t": "to grind"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰrewbʰ- (“to grind”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "grubus",
"3": "",
"4": "rough"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian grubus (“rough”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "grȗb",
"t": "rough, coarse"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian grȗb (“rough, coarse”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ga-",
"3": "*hrubaz"
},
"expansion": "*ga- + *hrubaz",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hreubaz",
"t": "scabby, rough"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hreubaz (“scabby, rough”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Origin uncertain. According to Kroonen, from Pre-Germanic *gʰrubʰos, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrewbʰ- (“to grind”); see *greupaną (“to cut up, grind”) for more. Compare also Lithuanian grubus (“rough”), Serbo-Croatian grȗb (“rough, coarse”).\nAlternatively from *ga- + *hrubaz, related to Proto-Germanic *hreubaz (“scabby, rough”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "grubaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubanǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubaizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "grubô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubiniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubiniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grubammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grub"
},
"name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*grubaz",
"10": "*grubaimiz",
"11": "*grubō",
"12": "*grubǭ",
"13": "*grubaizōz",
"14": "*grubaizōi",
"15": "*grubaizō",
"16": "*grubôz",
"17": "*grubōz",
"18": "*grubaizǫ̂",
"19": "*grubaimaz",
"2": "*grubanǭ",
"20": "*grubaimiz",
"21": "*grubą, -atō",
"22": "*grubą, -atō",
"23": "*grubas, -is",
"24": "*grubammai",
"25": "*grubanō",
"26": "*grubō",
"27": "*grubō",
"28": "*grubaizǫ̂",
"29": "*grubaimaz",
"3": "*grubas, -is",
"30": "*grubaimiz",
"31": "*grubô",
"32": "*grubanų",
"33": "*grubiniz",
"34": "*grubini",
"35": "*grubinē",
"36": "*grubaniz",
"37": "*grubanunz",
"38": "*grubanǫ̂",
"39": "*grubammaz",
"4": "*grubammai",
"40": "*grubammiz",
"41": "*grubǭ",
"42": "*grubōnų",
"43": "*grubōniz",
"44": "*grubōni",
"45": "*grubōnē",
"46": "*grubōniz",
"47": "*grubōnunz",
"48": "*grubōnǫ̂",
"49": "*grubōmaz",
"5": "*grubanō",
"50": "*grubōmiz",
"51": "*grubô",
"52": "*grubô",
"53": "*grubiniz",
"54": "*grubini",
"55": "*grubinē",
"56": "*grubōnō",
"57": "*grubōnō",
"58": "*grubanǫ̂",
"59": "*grubammaz",
"6": "*grubai",
"60": "*grubammiz",
"7": "*grubanz",
"8": "*grubaizǫ̂",
"9": "*grubaimaz",
"title": "*grubaz (a-stem)"
},
"name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grubaz",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "greubô"
},
{
"word": "greupaną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms prefixed with *ga-",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"glosses": [
"coarse, rough"
],
"links": [
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣru.βɑz/"
}
],
"word": "grubaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for grubaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (13.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.