See grindō in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "grinde",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old English: grinde f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: grinde f"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*grind",
"3": "*grint"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *grind, *grint",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *grind, *grint"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "grint"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: grint",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: grint"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*grind"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *grind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *grind"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "grint",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: grint m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: grint m"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Grind"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Grind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Grind"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*grinda"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *grinda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *grinda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "grinde",
"3": "grint",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: grinde, grint f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: grinde, grint f"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "grind"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: grind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: grind"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "grint"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: grint",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: grint"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "grint",
"3": "grient",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: grint, grient m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: grint, grient m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "grint"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: grint",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: grint"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Grind"
},
"expansion": "German: Grind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Grind"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰrendʰ-",
"t": "to crush"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰrendʰ- (“to crush”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *gʰrendʰ- (“to crush”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "grindō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grindôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grindǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grindō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gravel; sand; pebbles"
],
"id": "en-grindō-gem-pro-noun-ND837EnH",
"links": [
[
"gravel",
"gravel"
],
[
"sand",
"sand"
],
[
"pebbles",
"pebbles"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "gravelly stream",
"sense": "Old English: *grendel",
"tags": [
"English",
"Middle"
],
"word": "grendel"
},
{
"word": "grindaną"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣrin.dɔː/"
}
],
"word": "grindō"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "grinde",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old English: grinde f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: grinde f"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*grind",
"3": "*grint"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *grind, *grint",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *grind, *grint"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "grint"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: grint",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: grint"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*grind"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *grind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *grind"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "grint",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: grint m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: grint m"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Grind"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Grind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Grind"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*grinda"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *grinda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *grinda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "grinde",
"3": "grint",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: grinde, grint f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: grinde, grint f"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "grind"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: grind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: grind"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "grint"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: grint",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: grint"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "grint",
"3": "grient",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: grint, grient m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: grint, grient m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "grint"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: grint",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: grint"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Grind"
},
"expansion": "German: Grind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Grind"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰrendʰ-",
"t": "to crush"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰrendʰ- (“to crush”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *gʰrendʰ- (“to crush”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "grindō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grindôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grindǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grindō",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "gravelly stream",
"sense": "Old English: *grendel",
"tags": [
"English",
"Middle"
],
"word": "grendel"
},
{
"word": "grindaną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic ō-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"gravel; sand; pebbles"
],
"links": [
[
"gravel",
"gravel"
],
[
"sand",
"sand"
],
[
"pebbles",
"pebbles"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣrin.dɔː/"
}
],
"word": "grindō"
}
Download raw JSONL data for grindō meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (b81b832 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.