"gauraz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See gauraz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

Etymology: From Pre-Germanic *gʰowro-s, probably from a suffixed form of Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewH- (“to call on, invoke”) or from *gʰewro-. Cognate with Old Irish gúre (“pain, pang”), Sanskrit घोर (ghora, “terrible”), Proto-Slavic *žuriti (“to rage”), and Lithuanian žiaurùs. Etymology templates: {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*ǵʰewH-||to call on, invoke}} Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewH- (“to call on, invoke”), {{cog|sga|gúre||pain, pang}} Old Irish gúre (“pain, pang”), {{cog|sa|घोर||terrible}} Sanskrit घोर (ghora, “terrible”), {{cog|sla-pro|*žuriti||to rage}} Proto-Slavic *žuriti (“to rage”), {{cog|lt|žiaurùs}} Lithuanian žiaurùs Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-adj-a|gaur}}, {{gem-decl-adj-table2|*gauraz|*gauranǭ|*gauras, -is|*gaurammai|*gauranō|*gaurai|*gauranz|*gauraizǫ̂|*gauraimaz|*gauraimiz|*gaurō|*gaurǭ|*gauraizōz|*gauraizōi|*gauraizō|*gaurôz|*gaurōz|*gauraizǫ̂|*gauraimaz|*gauraimiz|*gaurą, -atō|*gaurą, -atō|*gauras, -is|*gaurammai|*gauranō|*gaurō|*gaurō|*gauraizǫ̂|*gauraimaz|*gauraimiz|*gaurô|*gauranų|*gauriniz|*gaurini|*gaurinē|*gauraniz|*gauranunz|*gauranǫ̂|*gaurammaz|*gaurammiz|*gaurǭ|*gaurōnų|*gaurōniz|*gaurōni|*gaurōnē|*gaurōniz|*gaurōnunz|*gaurōnǫ̂|*gaurōmaz|*gaurōmiz|*gaurô|*gaurô|*gauriniz|*gaurini|*gaurinē|*gaurōnō|*gaurōnō|*gauranǫ̂|*gaurammaz|*gaurammiz|title=*gauraz (a-stem)}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], gauraz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], gaurai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], gaurō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], gaurôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], gaurą [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], gaurō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], gauranǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], gauranz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], gaurǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], gaurōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], gaurą [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], gaurō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], gauras [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], gauraizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], gauraizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], gauraizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], gauras [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], gauraizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], gaurammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], gauraimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], gauraizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], gauraimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], gaurammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], gauraimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], gauranō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], gauraimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], gauraizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], gauraimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], gauranō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], gauraimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], gaurô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], gauraniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], gaurǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], gaurōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], gaurô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], gaurōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], gauranų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], gauranunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], gaurōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], gaurōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], gaurô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], gaurōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], gauriniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], gauranǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], gaurōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], gaurōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], gauriniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], gauranǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], gaurini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], gaurammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], gaurōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], gaurōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], gaurini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], gaurammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], gaurinē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], gaurammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], gaurōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], gaurōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], gaurinē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], gaurammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. sad, sorrowful Wikipedia link: Brill Publishers Tags: reconstruction Related terms (*gurniz; Proto-West Germanic): gurni
    Sense id: en-gauraz-gem-pro-adj-B4NCjAse Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*gaur"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *gaur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *gaur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*gōr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *gōr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *gōr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "*gōr"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: *gōr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: *gōr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "gor"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: gor",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: gor (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*gaurag",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *gaurag",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *gaurag"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐌲𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃 (gaurs)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃 (gaurs)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵʰewH-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to call on, invoke"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewH- (“to call on, invoke”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "gúre",
        "3": "",
        "4": "pain, pang"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish gúre (“pain, pang”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "घोर",
        "3": "",
        "4": "terrible"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit घोर (ghora, “terrible”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*žuriti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to rage"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *žuriti (“to rage”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "žiaurùs"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian žiaurùs",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *gʰowro-s, probably from a suffixed form of Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewH- (“to call on, invoke”) or from *gʰewro-. Cognate with Old Irish gúre (“pain, pang”), Sanskrit घोर (ghora, “terrible”), Proto-Slavic *žuriti (“to rage”), and Lithuanian žiaurùs.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauraz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauranǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauranz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauras",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauraizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauraizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauraizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauras",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauraizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauraimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauraizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauraimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauraimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauranō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauraimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauraizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauraimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauranō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauraimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauraniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauranų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauranunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauriniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauranǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauriniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauranǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gaur"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*gauraz",
        "10": "*gauraimiz",
        "11": "*gaurō",
        "12": "*gaurǭ",
        "13": "*gauraizōz",
        "14": "*gauraizōi",
        "15": "*gauraizō",
        "16": "*gaurôz",
        "17": "*gaurōz",
        "18": "*gauraizǫ̂",
        "19": "*gauraimaz",
        "2": "*gauranǭ",
        "20": "*gauraimiz",
        "21": "*gaurą, -atō",
        "22": "*gaurą, -atō",
        "23": "*gauras, -is",
        "24": "*gaurammai",
        "25": "*gauranō",
        "26": "*gaurō",
        "27": "*gaurō",
        "28": "*gauraizǫ̂",
        "29": "*gauraimaz",
        "3": "*gauras, -is",
        "30": "*gauraimiz",
        "31": "*gaurô",
        "32": "*gauranų",
        "33": "*gauriniz",
        "34": "*gaurini",
        "35": "*gaurinē",
        "36": "*gauraniz",
        "37": "*gauranunz",
        "38": "*gauranǫ̂",
        "39": "*gaurammaz",
        "4": "*gaurammai",
        "40": "*gaurammiz",
        "41": "*gaurǭ",
        "42": "*gaurōnų",
        "43": "*gaurōniz",
        "44": "*gaurōni",
        "45": "*gaurōnē",
        "46": "*gaurōniz",
        "47": "*gaurōnunz",
        "48": "*gaurōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*gaurōmaz",
        "5": "*gauranō",
        "50": "*gaurōmiz",
        "51": "*gaurô",
        "52": "*gaurô",
        "53": "*gauriniz",
        "54": "*gaurini",
        "55": "*gaurinē",
        "56": "*gaurōnō",
        "57": "*gaurōnō",
        "58": "*gauranǫ̂",
        "59": "*gaurammaz",
        "6": "*gaurai",
        "60": "*gaurammiz",
        "7": "*gauranz",
        "8": "*gauraizǫ̂",
        "9": "*gauraimaz",
        "title": "*gauraz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gauraz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sad, sorrowful"
      ],
      "id": "en-gauraz-gem-pro-adj-B4NCjAse",
      "links": [
        [
          "sad",
          "sad"
        ],
        [
          "sorrowful",
          "sorrowful"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "sense": "*gurniz; Proto-West Germanic",
          "word": "gurni"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "gauraz"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*gaur"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *gaur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *gaur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*gōr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *gōr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *gōr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "*gōr"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: *gōr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: *gōr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "gor"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: gor",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: gor (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*gaurag",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *gaurag",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *gaurag"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐌲𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃 (gaurs)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃 (gaurs)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵʰewH-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to call on, invoke"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewH- (“to call on, invoke”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "gúre",
        "3": "",
        "4": "pain, pang"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish gúre (“pain, pang”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "घोर",
        "3": "",
        "4": "terrible"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit घोर (ghora, “terrible”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*žuriti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to rage"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *žuriti (“to rage”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "žiaurùs"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian žiaurùs",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *gʰowro-s, probably from a suffixed form of Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewH- (“to call on, invoke”) or from *gʰewro-. Cognate with Old Irish gúre (“pain, pang”), Sanskrit घोर (ghora, “terrible”), Proto-Slavic *žuriti (“to rage”), and Lithuanian žiaurùs.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauraz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauranǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauranz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauras",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauraizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauraizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauraizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauras",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauraizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauraimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauraizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauraimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauraimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauranō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauraimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauraizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauraimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauranō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauraimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauraniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauranų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauranunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauriniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauranǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauriniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gauranǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaurammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gaur"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*gauraz",
        "10": "*gauraimiz",
        "11": "*gaurō",
        "12": "*gaurǭ",
        "13": "*gauraizōz",
        "14": "*gauraizōi",
        "15": "*gauraizō",
        "16": "*gaurôz",
        "17": "*gaurōz",
        "18": "*gauraizǫ̂",
        "19": "*gauraimaz",
        "2": "*gauranǭ",
        "20": "*gauraimiz",
        "21": "*gaurą, -atō",
        "22": "*gaurą, -atō",
        "23": "*gauras, -is",
        "24": "*gaurammai",
        "25": "*gauranō",
        "26": "*gaurō",
        "27": "*gaurō",
        "28": "*gauraizǫ̂",
        "29": "*gauraimaz",
        "3": "*gauras, -is",
        "30": "*gauraimiz",
        "31": "*gaurô",
        "32": "*gauranų",
        "33": "*gauriniz",
        "34": "*gaurini",
        "35": "*gaurinē",
        "36": "*gauraniz",
        "37": "*gauranunz",
        "38": "*gauranǫ̂",
        "39": "*gaurammaz",
        "4": "*gaurammai",
        "40": "*gaurammiz",
        "41": "*gaurǭ",
        "42": "*gaurōnų",
        "43": "*gaurōniz",
        "44": "*gaurōni",
        "45": "*gaurōnē",
        "46": "*gaurōniz",
        "47": "*gaurōnunz",
        "48": "*gaurōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*gaurōmaz",
        "5": "*gauranō",
        "50": "*gaurōmiz",
        "51": "*gaurô",
        "52": "*gaurô",
        "53": "*gauriniz",
        "54": "*gaurini",
        "55": "*gaurinē",
        "56": "*gaurōnō",
        "57": "*gaurōnō",
        "58": "*gauranǫ̂",
        "59": "*gaurammaz",
        "6": "*gaurai",
        "60": "*gaurammiz",
        "7": "*gauranz",
        "8": "*gauraizǫ̂",
        "9": "*gauraimaz",
        "title": "*gauraz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gauraz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "sense": "*gurniz; Proto-West Germanic",
      "word": "gurni"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sad, sorrowful"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sad",
          "sad"
        ],
        [
          "sorrowful",
          "sorrowful"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "gauraz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for gauraz meaning in Proto-Germanic (10.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.