See gamaną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*gaman"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *gaman\nOld English: gamen, gomen\nMiddle English: game, gamen, gemen, gomen, gome, gammen, gaume, gamme, gamin, gomin, gomyn, gomun, gam, geme\nEnglish: game (see there for further descendants); (dialectal gam)\n⇒ Fingallian: gamshoge\nScots: gemme, gem, gyem, game\nYola: gaame, gaume, gaaume\nOld Frisian: game, gome\n>? West Frisian: gammen\nOld Saxon: gaman\n⇒ Middle Low German: gamel\nGerman Low German: Gammel\nOld Dutch: *gaman\nMiddle Dutch: game, gāme\n⇒ Middle Dutch: gemelijc\nDutch: gemelijk\nOld High German: gaman\nMiddle High German: gamen, gamel, game\nGerman: Gammel (dialectal)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *gaman\nOld English: gamen, gomen\nMiddle English: game, gamen, gemen, gomen, gome, gammen, gaume, gamme, gamin, gomin, gomyn, gomun, gam, geme\nEnglish: game (see there for further descendants); (dialectal gam)\n⇒ Fingallian: gamshoge\nScots: gemme, gem, gyem, game\nYola: gaame, gaume, gaaume\nOld Frisian: game, gome\n>? West Frisian: gammen\nOld Saxon: gaman\n⇒ Middle Low German: gamel\nGerman Low German: Gammel\nOld Dutch: *gaman\nMiddle Dutch: game, gāme\n⇒ Middle Dutch: gemelijc\nDutch: gemelijk\nOld High German: gaman\nMiddle High German: gamen, gamel, game\nGerman: Gammel (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gaman"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: gaman",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gaman",
"noparent": "1"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: gaman\nFaroese: gaman\nNorwegian Nynorsk: gaman, gama\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: gaman\nOld Swedish: gaman, gamman, gammen\nSwedish: gamman\nDanish: gammen\nNorwegian Bokmål: gammen",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: gaman; (gems)\nIcelandic: gaman\nFaroese: gaman\nNorwegian Nynorsk: gaman, gama\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: gaman\nOld Swedish: gaman, gamman, gammen\nSwedish: gamman\nDanish: gammen\nNorwegian Bokmål: gammen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "man",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Old Norse: man\nIcelandic: man",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": ">? Old Norse: man\nIcelandic: man"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽 (gaman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽 (gaman)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ga",
"3": "*mann-"
},
"expansion": "*ga- + *mann-",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gomonъ",
"3": "",
"4": "noise"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gomonъ (“noise”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "gampen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German gampen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀθεμβοῦσα",
"3": "",
"4": "exuberant"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀθεμβοῦσα (athemboûsa, “exuberant”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(h₂)gʷʰemb-",
"5": "to hop, jump, frisk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(h₂)gʷʰemb- (“to hop, jump, frisk”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Exact origin uncertain. Perhaps from *ga- + *mann-, but the stress is on the first syllable, whereas the prefix *ga- never bears stress. Alternatively:\n* Cognate with Proto-Slavic *gomonъ (“noise”)\n* Pokorny compares Middle High German gampen, gumpen (“to jump”) (cf. *gampaz) and Ancient Greek ἀθεμβοῦσα (athemboûsa, “exuberant”), which would point to Proto-Indo-European *(h₂)gʷʰemb- (“to hop, jump, frisk”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gamaną",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gamanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gamaną",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gamanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gamaną",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gamanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gamanas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gamanis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gamanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gamanai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gamanamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gamanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gamanamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gamaną",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gamanōną"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gimbaną"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gimpaną"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gumaraz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 34 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 35 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 31 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 35 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic terms prefixed with *ga-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a fellow human, associate, companion"
],
"id": "en-gamaną-gem-pro-noun-TpwBKOaC",
"links": [
[
"associate",
"associate"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 34 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 35 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 31 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 35 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic terms prefixed with *ga-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pleasure, enjoyment, joy"
],
"id": "en-gamaną-gem-pro-noun-bW6H7~RF",
"links": [
[
"pleasure",
"pleasure"
],
[
"enjoyment",
"enjoyment"
],
[
"joy",
"joy"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 34 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 35 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 31 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 35 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic terms prefixed with *ga-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fun, amusement, game, sport"
],
"id": "en-gamaną-gem-pro-noun-oCqbETCo",
"links": [
[
"fun",
"fun"
],
[
"game",
"game"
],
[
"sport",
"sport"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣɑ.mɑ.nɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "gamaną"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms prefixed with *ga-",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*gaman"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *gaman\nOld English: gamen, gomen\nMiddle English: game, gamen, gemen, gomen, gome, gammen, gaume, gamme, gamin, gomin, gomyn, gomun, gam, geme\nEnglish: game (see there for further descendants); (dialectal gam)\n⇒ Fingallian: gamshoge\nScots: gemme, gem, gyem, game\nYola: gaame, gaume, gaaume\nOld Frisian: game, gome\n>? West Frisian: gammen\nOld Saxon: gaman\n⇒ Middle Low German: gamel\nGerman Low German: Gammel\nOld Dutch: *gaman\nMiddle Dutch: game, gāme\n⇒ Middle Dutch: gemelijc\nDutch: gemelijk\nOld High German: gaman\nMiddle High German: gamen, gamel, game\nGerman: Gammel (dialectal)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *gaman\nOld English: gamen, gomen\nMiddle English: game, gamen, gemen, gomen, gome, gammen, gaume, gamme, gamin, gomin, gomyn, gomun, gam, geme\nEnglish: game (see there for further descendants); (dialectal gam)\n⇒ Fingallian: gamshoge\nScots: gemme, gem, gyem, game\nYola: gaame, gaume, gaaume\nOld Frisian: game, gome\n>? West Frisian: gammen\nOld Saxon: gaman\n⇒ Middle Low German: gamel\nGerman Low German: Gammel\nOld Dutch: *gaman\nMiddle Dutch: game, gāme\n⇒ Middle Dutch: gemelijc\nDutch: gemelijk\nOld High German: gaman\nMiddle High German: gamen, gamel, game\nGerman: Gammel (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gaman"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: gaman",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gaman",
"noparent": "1"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: gaman\nFaroese: gaman\nNorwegian Nynorsk: gaman, gama\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: gaman\nOld Swedish: gaman, gamman, gammen\nSwedish: gamman\nDanish: gammen\nNorwegian Bokmål: gammen",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: gaman; (gems)\nIcelandic: gaman\nFaroese: gaman\nNorwegian Nynorsk: gaman, gama\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: gaman\nOld Swedish: gaman, gamman, gammen\nSwedish: gamman\nDanish: gammen\nNorwegian Bokmål: gammen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "man",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Old Norse: man\nIcelandic: man",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": ">? Old Norse: man\nIcelandic: man"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽 (gaman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽 (gaman)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ga",
"3": "*mann-"
},
"expansion": "*ga- + *mann-",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gomonъ",
"3": "",
"4": "noise"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gomonъ (“noise”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "gampen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German gampen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀθεμβοῦσα",
"3": "",
"4": "exuberant"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀθεμβοῦσα (athemboûsa, “exuberant”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(h₂)gʷʰemb-",
"5": "to hop, jump, frisk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(h₂)gʷʰemb- (“to hop, jump, frisk”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Exact origin uncertain. Perhaps from *ga- + *mann-, but the stress is on the first syllable, whereas the prefix *ga- never bears stress. Alternatively:\n* Cognate with Proto-Slavic *gomonъ (“noise”)\n* Pokorny compares Middle High German gampen, gumpen (“to jump”) (cf. *gampaz) and Ancient Greek ἀθεμβοῦσα (athemboûsa, “exuberant”), which would point to Proto-Indo-European *(h₂)gʷʰemb- (“to hop, jump, frisk”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gamaną",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gamanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gamaną",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gamanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gamaną",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gamanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gamanas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gamanis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gamanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gamanai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gamanamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gamanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gamanamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gamaną",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "gamanōną"
},
{
"word": "gimbaną"
},
{
"word": "gimpaną"
},
{
"word": "gumaraz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a fellow human, associate, companion"
],
"links": [
[
"associate",
"associate"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pleasure, enjoyment, joy"
],
"links": [
[
"pleasure",
"pleasure"
],
[
"enjoyment",
"enjoyment"
],
[
"joy",
"joy"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fun, amusement, game, sport"
],
"links": [
[
"fun",
"fun"
],
[
"game",
"game"
],
[
"sport",
"sport"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣɑ.mɑ.nɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "gamaną"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gamaną meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.