See gallô in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*gallō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *gallō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *gallō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġealla",
"3": "galla",
"t2": "skin lesion"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ġealla, galla (“skin lesion”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ġealla, galla (“skin lesion”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "galle"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: galle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: galle"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gall"
},
"expansion": "English: gall",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: gall"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gall",
"3": "gaw"
},
"expansion": "Scots: gall, gaw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: gall, gaw"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*gallo",
"3": "*galla",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *gallo, *galla f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *gallo, *galla f"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "galle",
"g": "f",
"t": "swelling, defect",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Middle Low German: galle f (“swelling, defect”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "galla"
},
"expansion": "Latin galla",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly via Latin <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">galla</i>, ultimately from Germanic"
},
"expansion": "(possibly via Latin galla, ultimately from Germanic)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": ">? Middle Low German: galle f (“swelling, defect”) (possibly via Latin galla, ultimately from Germanic)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "galder",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: galder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: galder"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*gallo",
"3": "*galla",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *gallo, *galla f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *gallo, *galla f"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "galle",
"g": "f",
"t": "swelling",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Middle High German: galle f (“swelling”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "galla"
},
"expansion": "Latin galla",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly via Latin <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">galla</i>, ultimately from Germanic"
},
"expansion": "(possibly via Latin galla, ultimately from Germanic)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": ">? Middle High German: galle f (“swelling”) (possibly via Latin galla, ultimately from Germanic)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Galle"
},
"expansion": "German: Galle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Galle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "galli"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: galli",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: galli"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "galli"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: galli",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: galli"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gall"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: gall",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: gall"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ǵʰelH-r/n-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelH-r/n-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "galder",
"3": "",
"4": "swelling on a horse's foot"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian galder (“swelling on a horse's foot”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*galarom",
"3": "",
"4": "pain, illness ~ grief"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *galarom (“pain, illness ~ grief”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒆗𒆷𒅈",
"t": "inauspicious, bad; enormous",
"tr": "kal-la-ar",
"ts": "gallar-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒆗𒆷𒅈 (kal-la-ar /gallar-/, “inauspicious, bad; enormous”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gâl",
"3": "",
"4": "ache"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gâl (“ache”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žalà",
"3": "",
"4": "damage, harm"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian žalà (“damage, harm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*zъlъ",
"3": "",
"4": "bad, evil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *zъlъ (“bad, evil”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gallǭ",
"3": "",
"4": "bile"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gallǭ (“bile”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "galla"
},
"expansion": "Latin galla",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelH-r/n- (compare the r-stem in Norwegian galder (“swelling on a horse's foot”)), cognate with Proto-Celtic *galarom (“pain, illness ~ grief”) and Hittite 𒆗𒆷𒅈 (kal-la-ar /gallar-/, “inauspicious, bad; enormous”) (reflecting *ǵʰ(o)lH-ro-), from a root *ǵʰelH- (“to damage, cause pain; to be bad, evil”) (compare Welsh gâl (“ache”), Lithuanian žalà (“damage, harm”) and Proto-Slavic *zъlъ (“bad, evil”)), though this root is somewhat disputed. However, see also Proto-Germanic *gallǭ (“bile”). Connection if any to Latin galla is uncertain.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gallô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gallaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gallô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gallaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gallanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gallanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "galliniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gallanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gallini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gallammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gallinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gallammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gallô",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"infirmity, weakness"
],
"id": "en-gallô-gem-pro-noun-rqbZns3~",
"links": [
[
"infirmity",
"infirmity"
],
[
"weakness",
"weakness"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 81 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 89 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 80 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"barrenness; flaw, reproach"
],
"id": "en-gallô-gem-pro-noun-RaExtMcR",
"links": [
[
"barrenness",
"barrenness"
],
[
"flaw",
"flaw"
],
[
"reproach",
"reproach"
]
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "26 47 26",
"sense": "*galraz; Norwegian",
"word": "galder"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"swelling; lesion"
],
"id": "en-gallô-gem-pro-noun-ItRSkra-",
"links": [
[
"swelling",
"swelling"
],
[
"lesion",
"lesion"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "gallô"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic an-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*gallō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *gallō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *gallō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġealla",
"3": "galla",
"t2": "skin lesion"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ġealla, galla (“skin lesion”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ġealla, galla (“skin lesion”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "galle"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: galle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: galle"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gall"
},
"expansion": "English: gall",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: gall"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gall",
"3": "gaw"
},
"expansion": "Scots: gall, gaw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: gall, gaw"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*gallo",
"3": "*galla",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *gallo, *galla f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *gallo, *galla f"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "galle",
"g": "f",
"t": "swelling, defect",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Middle Low German: galle f (“swelling, defect”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "galla"
},
"expansion": "Latin galla",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly via Latin <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">galla</i>, ultimately from Germanic"
},
"expansion": "(possibly via Latin galla, ultimately from Germanic)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": ">? Middle Low German: galle f (“swelling, defect”) (possibly via Latin galla, ultimately from Germanic)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "galder",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: galder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: galder"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*gallo",
"3": "*galla",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *gallo, *galla f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *gallo, *galla f"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "galle",
"g": "f",
"t": "swelling",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Middle High German: galle f (“swelling”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "galla"
},
"expansion": "Latin galla",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly via Latin <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">galla</i>, ultimately from Germanic"
},
"expansion": "(possibly via Latin galla, ultimately from Germanic)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": ">? Middle High German: galle f (“swelling”) (possibly via Latin galla, ultimately from Germanic)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Galle"
},
"expansion": "German: Galle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Galle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "galli"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: galli",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: galli"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "galli"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: galli",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: galli"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gall"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: gall",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: gall"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ǵʰelH-r/n-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelH-r/n-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "galder",
"3": "",
"4": "swelling on a horse's foot"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian galder (“swelling on a horse's foot”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*galarom",
"3": "",
"4": "pain, illness ~ grief"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *galarom (“pain, illness ~ grief”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒆗𒆷𒅈",
"t": "inauspicious, bad; enormous",
"tr": "kal-la-ar",
"ts": "gallar-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒆗𒆷𒅈 (kal-la-ar /gallar-/, “inauspicious, bad; enormous”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gâl",
"3": "",
"4": "ache"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gâl (“ache”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žalà",
"3": "",
"4": "damage, harm"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian žalà (“damage, harm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*zъlъ",
"3": "",
"4": "bad, evil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *zъlъ (“bad, evil”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gallǭ",
"3": "",
"4": "bile"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gallǭ (“bile”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "galla"
},
"expansion": "Latin galla",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelH-r/n- (compare the r-stem in Norwegian galder (“swelling on a horse's foot”)), cognate with Proto-Celtic *galarom (“pain, illness ~ grief”) and Hittite 𒆗𒆷𒅈 (kal-la-ar /gallar-/, “inauspicious, bad; enormous”) (reflecting *ǵʰ(o)lH-ro-), from a root *ǵʰelH- (“to damage, cause pain; to be bad, evil”) (compare Welsh gâl (“ache”), Lithuanian žalà (“damage, harm”) and Proto-Slavic *zъlъ (“bad, evil”)), though this root is somewhat disputed. However, see also Proto-Germanic *gallǭ (“bile”). Connection if any to Latin galla is uncertain.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gallô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gallaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gallô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gallaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gallanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gallanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "galliniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gallanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gallini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gallammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gallinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gallammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gallô",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"sense": "*galraz; Norwegian",
"word": "galder"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"infirmity, weakness"
],
"links": [
[
"infirmity",
"infirmity"
],
[
"weakness",
"weakness"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"barrenness; flaw, reproach"
],
"links": [
[
"barrenness",
"barrenness"
],
[
"flaw",
"flaw"
],
[
"reproach",
"reproach"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"swelling; lesion"
],
"links": [
[
"swelling",
"swelling"
],
[
"lesion",
"lesion"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "gallô"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gallô meaning in Proto-Germanic (7.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.