"gailaz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See gailaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈɣɑi̯.lɑz/
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *gʰoylos (“frothing, arrogant, tempestuous, violent, wanton”). Cognate of Proto-Balto-Slavic *gailas. Etymology templates: {{inh|gem-pro|ine-pro|*gʰoylos||frothing, arrogant, tempestuous, violent, wanton}} Proto-Indo-European *gʰoylos (“frothing, arrogant, tempestuous, violent, wanton”), {{cog|ine-bsl-pro|*gailas}} Proto-Balto-Slavic *gailas Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-adj-a|gail}}, {{gem-decl-adj-table2|*gailaz|*gailanǭ|*gailas, -is|*gailammai|*gailanō|*gailai|*gailanz|*gailaizǫ̂|*gailaimaz|*gailaimiz|*gailō|*gailǭ|*gailaizōz|*gailaizōi|*gailaizō|*gailôz|*gailōz|*gailaizǫ̂|*gailaimaz|*gailaimiz|*gailą, -atō|*gailą, -atō|*gailas, -is|*gailammai|*gailanō|*gailō|*gailō|*gailaizǫ̂|*gailaimaz|*gailaimiz|*gailô|*gailanų|*gailiniz|*gailini|*gailinē|*gailaniz|*gailanunz|*gailanǫ̂|*gailammaz|*gailammiz|*gailǭ|*gailōnų|*gailōniz|*gailōni|*gailōnē|*gailōniz|*gailōnunz|*gailōnǫ̂|*gailōmaz|*gailōmiz|*gailô|*gailô|*gailiniz|*gailini|*gailinē|*gailōnō|*gailōnō|*gailanǫ̂|*gailammaz|*gailammiz|title=*gailaz (a-stem)}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], gailaz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], gailai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], gailō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], gailôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], gailą [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], gailō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], gailanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], gailanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], gailǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], gailōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], gailą [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], gailō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], gailas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], gailaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], gailaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], gailaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], gailas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], gailaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], gailammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], gailaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], gailaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], gailaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], gailammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], gailaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], gailanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], gailaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], gailaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], gailaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], gailanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], gailaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], gailô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], gailaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], gailǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], gailōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], gailô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], gailōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], gailanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], gailanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], gailōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], gailōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], gailô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], gailōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], gailiniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], gailanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], gailōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], gailōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], gailiniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], gailanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], gailini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], gailammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], gailōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], gailōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], gailini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], gailammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], gailinē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], gailammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], gailōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], gailōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], gailinē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], gailammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. merry, excited, lush, beautiful, lustful Tags: reconstruction Derived forms: gailaskapiz, gailijaną
    Sense id: en-gailaz-gem-pro-adj-6yzj9KlC Categories (other): Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header

Download JSON data for gailaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (10.9kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*gail"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *gail\nOld English: gāl\nMiddle English: gal, gol\nEnglish: gole (dialectal)\nOld Frisian: *gāl, *gēl\nSaterland Frisian: gail (perhaps borrowed from Low German or German)\nWest Frisian: geil (possibly from Dutch)\nOld Saxon: gēl\nMiddle Low German: geil\nGerman Low German: geil\nOld Dutch: *gēl, *geil\nMiddle Dutch: geel, gheil\nDutch: geil\nOld High German: geil, keil\nMiddle High German: geil\nGerman: geil\n→ Danish: geil",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *gail\nOld English: gāl\nMiddle English: gal, gol\nEnglish: gole (dialectal)\nOld Frisian: *gāl, *gēl\nSaterland Frisian: gail (perhaps borrowed from Low German or German)\nWest Frisian: geil (possibly from Dutch)\nOld Saxon: gēl\nMiddle Low German: geil\nGerman Low German: geil\nOld Dutch: *gēl, *geil\nMiddle Dutch: geel, gheil\nDutch: geil\nOld High German: geil, keil\nMiddle High German: geil\nGerman: geil\n→ Danish: geil"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "*geilr",
            "3": "geiligr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: *geilr, geiligr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: *geilr, geiligr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "gáll"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: gáll",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "m"
          },
          "expansion": "m",
          "name": "g"
        }
      ],
      "text": "(Icelandic: gáll m)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "gäl"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: gäl",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "qualifier"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: gäl (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-gut",
            "2": "geil"
          },
          "expansion": "Gutnish: geil",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gutnish: geil"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xvn",
            "2": "*gaila-"
          },
          "expansion": "Vandalic: *gaila-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Vandalic: *gaila- (early), *gēla- (late)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰoylos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "frothing, arrogant, tempestuous, violent, wanton"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰoylos (“frothing, arrogant, tempestuous, violent, wanton”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "*gailas"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *gailas",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *gʰoylos (“frothing, arrogant, tempestuous, violent, wanton”). Cognate of Proto-Balto-Slavic *gailas.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gail"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*gailaz",
        "10": "*gailaimiz",
        "11": "*gailō",
        "12": "*gailǭ",
        "13": "*gailaizōz",
        "14": "*gailaizōi",
        "15": "*gailaizō",
        "16": "*gailôz",
        "17": "*gailōz",
        "18": "*gailaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*gailaimaz",
        "2": "*gailanǭ",
        "20": "*gailaimiz",
        "21": "*gailą, -atō",
        "22": "*gailą, -atō",
        "23": "*gailas, -is",
        "24": "*gailammai",
        "25": "*gailanō",
        "26": "*gailō",
        "27": "*gailō",
        "28": "*gailaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*gailaimaz",
        "3": "*gailas, -is",
        "30": "*gailaimiz",
        "31": "*gailô",
        "32": "*gailanų",
        "33": "*gailiniz",
        "34": "*gailini",
        "35": "*gailinē",
        "36": "*gailaniz",
        "37": "*gailanunz",
        "38": "*gailanǫ̂",
        "39": "*gailammaz",
        "4": "*gailammai",
        "40": "*gailammiz",
        "41": "*gailǭ",
        "42": "*gailōnų",
        "43": "*gailōniz",
        "44": "*gailōni",
        "45": "*gailōnē",
        "46": "*gailōniz",
        "47": "*gailōnunz",
        "48": "*gailōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*gailōmaz",
        "5": "*gailanō",
        "50": "*gailōmiz",
        "51": "*gailô",
        "52": "*gailô",
        "53": "*gailiniz",
        "54": "*gailini",
        "55": "*gailinē",
        "56": "*gailōnō",
        "57": "*gailōnō",
        "58": "*gailanǫ̂",
        "59": "*gailammaz",
        "6": "*gailai",
        "60": "*gailammiz",
        "7": "*gailanz",
        "8": "*gailaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*gailaimaz",
        "title": "*gailaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gailaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "gailaskapiz"
        },
        {
          "word": "gailijaną"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "merry, excited, lush, beautiful, lustful"
      ],
      "id": "en-gailaz-gem-pro-adj-6yzj9KlC",
      "links": [
        [
          "merry",
          "merry"
        ],
        [
          "excited",
          "excited"
        ],
        [
          "lush",
          "lush"
        ],
        [
          "beautiful",
          "beautiful"
        ],
        [
          "lustful",
          "lustful"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɣɑi̯.lɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gailaz"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "gailaskapiz"
    },
    {
      "word": "gailijaną"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*gail"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *gail\nOld English: gāl\nMiddle English: gal, gol\nEnglish: gole (dialectal)\nOld Frisian: *gāl, *gēl\nSaterland Frisian: gail (perhaps borrowed from Low German or German)\nWest Frisian: geil (possibly from Dutch)\nOld Saxon: gēl\nMiddle Low German: geil\nGerman Low German: geil\nOld Dutch: *gēl, *geil\nMiddle Dutch: geel, gheil\nDutch: geil\nOld High German: geil, keil\nMiddle High German: geil\nGerman: geil\n→ Danish: geil",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *gail\nOld English: gāl\nMiddle English: gal, gol\nEnglish: gole (dialectal)\nOld Frisian: *gāl, *gēl\nSaterland Frisian: gail (perhaps borrowed from Low German or German)\nWest Frisian: geil (possibly from Dutch)\nOld Saxon: gēl\nMiddle Low German: geil\nGerman Low German: geil\nOld Dutch: *gēl, *geil\nMiddle Dutch: geel, gheil\nDutch: geil\nOld High German: geil, keil\nMiddle High German: geil\nGerman: geil\n→ Danish: geil"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "*geilr",
            "3": "geiligr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: *geilr, geiligr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: *geilr, geiligr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "gáll"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: gáll",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "m"
          },
          "expansion": "m",
          "name": "g"
        }
      ],
      "text": "(Icelandic: gáll m)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "gäl"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: gäl",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "qualifier"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: gäl (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-gut",
            "2": "geil"
          },
          "expansion": "Gutnish: geil",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gutnish: geil"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xvn",
            "2": "*gaila-"
          },
          "expansion": "Vandalic: *gaila-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Vandalic: *gaila- (early), *gēla- (late)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰoylos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "frothing, arrogant, tempestuous, violent, wanton"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰoylos (“frothing, arrogant, tempestuous, violent, wanton”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "*gailas"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *gailas",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *gʰoylos (“frothing, arrogant, tempestuous, violent, wanton”). Cognate of Proto-Balto-Slavic *gailas.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gailammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gail"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*gailaz",
        "10": "*gailaimiz",
        "11": "*gailō",
        "12": "*gailǭ",
        "13": "*gailaizōz",
        "14": "*gailaizōi",
        "15": "*gailaizō",
        "16": "*gailôz",
        "17": "*gailōz",
        "18": "*gailaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*gailaimaz",
        "2": "*gailanǭ",
        "20": "*gailaimiz",
        "21": "*gailą, -atō",
        "22": "*gailą, -atō",
        "23": "*gailas, -is",
        "24": "*gailammai",
        "25": "*gailanō",
        "26": "*gailō",
        "27": "*gailō",
        "28": "*gailaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*gailaimaz",
        "3": "*gailas, -is",
        "30": "*gailaimiz",
        "31": "*gailô",
        "32": "*gailanų",
        "33": "*gailiniz",
        "34": "*gailini",
        "35": "*gailinē",
        "36": "*gailaniz",
        "37": "*gailanunz",
        "38": "*gailanǫ̂",
        "39": "*gailammaz",
        "4": "*gailammai",
        "40": "*gailammiz",
        "41": "*gailǭ",
        "42": "*gailōnų",
        "43": "*gailōniz",
        "44": "*gailōni",
        "45": "*gailōnē",
        "46": "*gailōniz",
        "47": "*gailōnunz",
        "48": "*gailōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*gailōmaz",
        "5": "*gailanō",
        "50": "*gailōmiz",
        "51": "*gailô",
        "52": "*gailô",
        "53": "*gailiniz",
        "54": "*gailini",
        "55": "*gailinē",
        "56": "*gailōnō",
        "57": "*gailōnō",
        "58": "*gailanǫ̂",
        "59": "*gailammaz",
        "6": "*gailai",
        "60": "*gailammiz",
        "7": "*gailanz",
        "8": "*gailaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*gailaimaz",
        "title": "*gailaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gailaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "merry, excited, lush, beautiful, lustful"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "merry",
          "merry"
        ],
        [
          "excited",
          "excited"
        ],
        [
          "lush",
          "lush"
        ],
        [
          "beautiful",
          "beautiful"
        ],
        [
          "lustful",
          "lustful"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɣɑi̯.lɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gailaz"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (91e95e7 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.