See gīslaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*gīsl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *gīsl\nOld English: ġīsel, ġīsl\nMiddle English: ȝisel, ȝisle\nOld Saxon: gīsal\nMiddle Low German: gîsel\nLow German: Giesel\nOld Dutch: *gīsal\nMiddle Dutch: gisel\nDutch: gijzel\n→ West Frisian: gizel\nMiddle Dutch: giselare\nDutch: gijzelaar\n→ West Frisian: gizeler\nOld High German: gīsal\nMiddle High German: gīsel\nGerman: Geisel\n→ German Low German: Geisel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *gīsl\nOld English: ġīsel, ġīsl\nMiddle English: ȝisel, ȝisle\nOld Saxon: gīsal\nMiddle Low German: gîsel\nLow German: Giesel\nOld Dutch: *gīsal\nMiddle Dutch: gisel\nDutch: gijzel\n→ West Frisian: gizel\nMiddle Dutch: giselare\nDutch: gijzelaar\n→ West Frisian: gizeler\nOld High German: gīsal\nMiddle High German: gīsel\nGerman: Geisel\n→ German Low German: Geisel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚷᛁᛊᛚᚨᛉ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚷᛁᛊᛚᚨᛉ (*gislaʀ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚷᛁᛊᛚᚨᛉ (*gislaʀ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "ᚨᛊᚢᚷᛁᛊᚨᛚᚨᛊ",
"der": "1",
"ts": "ą̄sugīsᵃlas"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Norse: ᚨᛊᚢᚷᛁᛊᚨᛚᚨᛊ (asugisalas /ą̄sugīsᵃlas/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Norse: ᚨᛊᚢᚷᛁᛊᚨᛚᚨᛊ (asugisalas /ą̄sugīsᵃlas/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gísl"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: gísl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: gísl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "gísl"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: gísl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: gísl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "gísli"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: gísli",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: gísli"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gissel",
"3": "gisl"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: gissel, gisl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: gissel, gisl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gissel"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: gissel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: gissel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "gisl",
"alt": "gīsl"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: gīsl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: gīsl"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "gislan",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Swedish: gislan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Swedish: gislan"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gisslan"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: gisslan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: gisslan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gidsel"
},
"expansion": "Danish: gidsel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: gidsel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xvn",
"2": "*gīsl-"
},
"expansion": "Vandalic: *gīsl-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vandalic: *gīsl-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*kihla",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kihla",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kihla (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰeydʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*geistlos",
"4": "",
"5": "hostage, pledge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *geistlos (“hostage, pledge”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "gíall"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish gíall",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gwystl"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gwystl",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰeydʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to desire, wait for"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰeydʰ- (“to desire, wait for”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Proto-Celtic *geistlos (“hostage, pledge”) (compare Old Irish gíall, Welsh gwystl), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeydʰ- (“to desire, wait for”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gīslaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gīslōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gīslōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gīsl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gīslōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gīslōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gīslą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gīslanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gīslas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gīslis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gīslǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gīslai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gīslamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gīslō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gīslamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gīslaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gīslōną"
},
{
"word": "gīslungō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hostage"
],
"id": "en-gīslaz-gem-pro-noun-KuPPfUxJ",
"links": [
[
"hostage",
"hostage"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣiːs.lɑz/"
}
],
"word": "gīslaz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "gīslōną"
},
{
"word": "gīslungō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*gīsl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *gīsl\nOld English: ġīsel, ġīsl\nMiddle English: ȝisel, ȝisle\nOld Saxon: gīsal\nMiddle Low German: gîsel\nLow German: Giesel\nOld Dutch: *gīsal\nMiddle Dutch: gisel\nDutch: gijzel\n→ West Frisian: gizel\nMiddle Dutch: giselare\nDutch: gijzelaar\n→ West Frisian: gizeler\nOld High German: gīsal\nMiddle High German: gīsel\nGerman: Geisel\n→ German Low German: Geisel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *gīsl\nOld English: ġīsel, ġīsl\nMiddle English: ȝisel, ȝisle\nOld Saxon: gīsal\nMiddle Low German: gîsel\nLow German: Giesel\nOld Dutch: *gīsal\nMiddle Dutch: gisel\nDutch: gijzel\n→ West Frisian: gizel\nMiddle Dutch: giselare\nDutch: gijzelaar\n→ West Frisian: gizeler\nOld High German: gīsal\nMiddle High German: gīsel\nGerman: Geisel\n→ German Low German: Geisel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚷᛁᛊᛚᚨᛉ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚷᛁᛊᛚᚨᛉ (*gislaʀ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚷᛁᛊᛚᚨᛉ (*gislaʀ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "ᚨᛊᚢᚷᛁᛊᚨᛚᚨᛊ",
"der": "1",
"ts": "ą̄sugīsᵃlas"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Norse: ᚨᛊᚢᚷᛁᛊᚨᛚᚨᛊ (asugisalas /ą̄sugīsᵃlas/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Norse: ᚨᛊᚢᚷᛁᛊᚨᛚᚨᛊ (asugisalas /ą̄sugīsᵃlas/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gísl"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: gísl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: gísl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "gísl"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: gísl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: gísl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "gísli"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: gísli",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: gísli"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gissel",
"3": "gisl"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: gissel, gisl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: gissel, gisl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gissel"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: gissel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: gissel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "gisl",
"alt": "gīsl"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: gīsl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: gīsl"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "gislan",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Swedish: gislan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Swedish: gislan"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gisslan"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: gisslan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: gisslan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gidsel"
},
"expansion": "Danish: gidsel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: gidsel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xvn",
"2": "*gīsl-"
},
"expansion": "Vandalic: *gīsl-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vandalic: *gīsl-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*kihla",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kihla",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kihla (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰeydʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*geistlos",
"4": "",
"5": "hostage, pledge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *geistlos (“hostage, pledge”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "gíall"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish gíall",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gwystl"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gwystl",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰeydʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to desire, wait for"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰeydʰ- (“to desire, wait for”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Proto-Celtic *geistlos (“hostage, pledge”) (compare Old Irish gíall, Welsh gwystl), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeydʰ- (“to desire, wait for”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gīslaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gīslōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gīslōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gīsl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gīslōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gīslōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gīslą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gīslanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gīslas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gīslis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gīslǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gīslai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gīslamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gīslō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gīslamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gīslaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms borrowed from Proto-Celtic",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰeydʰ-"
],
"glosses": [
"hostage"
],
"links": [
[
"hostage",
"hostage"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣiːs.lɑz/"
}
],
"word": "gīslaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gīslaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d49d402 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.