See frustaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "frustāną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*frost"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *frost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *frost"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "forst"
},
"expansion": "Old English: forst, frost\nMiddle English: frost, forst, froste, vrost, frosst, freost\nEnglish: frost\nScots: frost\nYola: vrosth, vroste, vrast",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: forst, frost\nMiddle English: frost, forst, froste, vrost, frosst, freost\nEnglish: frost\nScots: frost\nYola: vrosth, vroste, vrast"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "frost",
"3": "forst"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: frost, forst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: frost, forst"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Froast",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Froast, Fröäst (Skäddel)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Froast, Fröäst (Skäddel)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "froast"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: froast",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: froast"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "frost"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: frost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: frost"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "vrost"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: vrost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: vrost"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Fröst"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Fröst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Fröst"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*frost",
"3": "forst"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *frost, forst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *frost, forst"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "vorst"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: vorst\nDutch: vorst\nLimburgish: vrós",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: vorst\nDutch: vorst\nLimburgish: vrós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "frost"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: frost\nMiddle High German: vrost\nCimbrian: vròst, bròst, vrost\nGerman: Frost\nLuxembourgish: Frascht\nVilamovian: fröst",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: frost\nMiddle High German: vrost\nCimbrian: vròst, bròst, vrost\nGerman: Frost\nLuxembourgish: Frascht\nVilamovian: fröst"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "frost"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: frost\nIcelandic: frost\nFaroese: frost, frostur m (masculine is archaic)\nNorwegian: frost\nOld Swedish: frost\nSwedish: frost\nDanish: frost",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: frost\nIcelandic: frost\nFaroese: frost, frostur m (masculine is archaic)\nNorwegian: frost\nOld Swedish: frost\nSwedish: frost\nDanish: frost"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*prews-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*prustós",
"t": "frost"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *prustós (“frost”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pruīna",
"3": "",
"4": "hoarfrost, frost"
},
"expansion": "Latin pruīna (“hoarfrost, frost”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *prustós (“frost”), synchronically analyzable as a nominal formation from *freusaną (“to freeze”). Cognate with Latin pruīna (“hoarfrost, frost”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "frustaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frustōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frustōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frust",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "frustōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "frustōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "frustą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frustanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frustas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frustis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frustǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frustai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frustamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frustō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frustamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frustaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "freusaną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cold; frost; freezing weather"
],
"id": "en-frustaz-gem-pro-noun-EM2URA~k",
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"frost",
"frost"
],
[
"freezing",
"freezing"
],
[
"weather",
"weather"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"frost; rime (minute ice crystals)"
],
"id": "en-frustaz-gem-pro-noun-n58lPCLf",
"links": [
[
"frost",
"frost"
],
[
"rime",
"rime"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(possibly) frost; rime (minute ice crystals)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*hrīmaz"
},
{
"word": "*hrīpô"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possibly",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸrus.tɑz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "frustaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *prews-",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "frustāną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*frost"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *frost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *frost"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "forst"
},
"expansion": "Old English: forst, frost\nMiddle English: frost, forst, froste, vrost, frosst, freost\nEnglish: frost\nScots: frost\nYola: vrosth, vroste, vrast",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: forst, frost\nMiddle English: frost, forst, froste, vrost, frosst, freost\nEnglish: frost\nScots: frost\nYola: vrosth, vroste, vrast"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "frost",
"3": "forst"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: frost, forst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: frost, forst"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Froast",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Froast, Fröäst (Skäddel)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Froast, Fröäst (Skäddel)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "froast"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: froast",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: froast"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "frost"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: frost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: frost"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "vrost"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: vrost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: vrost"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Fröst"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Fröst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Fröst"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*frost",
"3": "forst"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *frost, forst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *frost, forst"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "vorst"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: vorst\nDutch: vorst\nLimburgish: vrós",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: vorst\nDutch: vorst\nLimburgish: vrós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "frost"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: frost\nMiddle High German: vrost\nCimbrian: vròst, bròst, vrost\nGerman: Frost\nLuxembourgish: Frascht\nVilamovian: fröst",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: frost\nMiddle High German: vrost\nCimbrian: vròst, bròst, vrost\nGerman: Frost\nLuxembourgish: Frascht\nVilamovian: fröst"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "frost"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: frost\nIcelandic: frost\nFaroese: frost, frostur m (masculine is archaic)\nNorwegian: frost\nOld Swedish: frost\nSwedish: frost\nDanish: frost",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: frost\nIcelandic: frost\nFaroese: frost, frostur m (masculine is archaic)\nNorwegian: frost\nOld Swedish: frost\nSwedish: frost\nDanish: frost"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*prews-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*prustós",
"t": "frost"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *prustós (“frost”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pruīna",
"3": "",
"4": "hoarfrost, frost"
},
"expansion": "Latin pruīna (“hoarfrost, frost”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *prustós (“frost”), synchronically analyzable as a nominal formation from *freusaną (“to freeze”). Cognate with Latin pruīna (“hoarfrost, frost”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "frustaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frustōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frustōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frust",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "frustōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "frustōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "frustą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frustanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frustas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frustis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frustǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frustai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frustamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frustō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frustamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frustaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "freusaną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cold; frost; freezing weather"
],
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"frost",
"frost"
],
[
"freezing",
"freezing"
],
[
"weather",
"weather"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"frost; rime (minute ice crystals)"
],
"links": [
[
"frost",
"frost"
],
[
"rime",
"rime"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(possibly) frost; rime (minute ice crystals)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*hrīmaz"
},
{
"word": "*hrīpô"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possibly",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸrus.tɑz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "frustaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for frustaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.