See frumô in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for frumô meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.8kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*umô",
"t2": "superlative"
},
"expansion": "+ *-umô (“superlative”)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pr-",
"4": "",
"5": "before, formerly; through, throughout"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pr- (“before, formerly; through, throughout”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-tm̥mós",
"4": "*-mHo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-mHo-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *fr- (“for, forward”) + *-umô (“superlative”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr- (“before, formerly; through, throughout”) (see *per-) + Pre-Germanic *-m̥Hon-, from Proto-Indo-European *-mHo-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-adj-anin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an/īn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "frumô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumį̄",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumīniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumīnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumīnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruminiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumīniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumīnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruminiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumīni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumīmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruminē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumīnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumīmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruminē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frum"
},
"name": "gem-decl-adj-anin"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*frumô",
"10": "*frumammiz",
"11": "*frumį̄",
"12": "*frumīnų",
"13": "*frumīniz",
"14": "*frumīni",
"15": "*frumīnē",
"16": "*frumīniz",
"17": "*frumīnunz",
"18": "*frumīnǫ̂",
"19": "*frumīmaz",
"2": "*frumanų",
"20": "*frumīmiz",
"21": "*frumô",
"22": "*frumô",
"23": "*fruminiz",
"24": "*frumini",
"25": "*fruminē",
"26": "*frumōnō",
"27": "*frumōnō",
"28": "*frumanǫ̂",
"29": "*frumammaz",
"3": "*fruminiz",
"30": "*frumammiz",
"4": "*frumini",
"5": "*fruminē",
"6": "*frumaniz",
"7": "*frumanunz",
"8": "*frumanǫ̂",
"9": "*frumammaz",
"title": "*frumô (an/īn-stem)"
},
"name": "gem-decl-adj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frumô",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Proto-Germanic ordinal numbers",
"parents": [
"Ordinal numbers",
"Numbers",
"All topics",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-umô",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "⇒ Middle English: former (comparative)",
"tags": [
"English"
],
"word": "former"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Middle English: former (comparative); Scots",
"word": "formar"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic; Old Saxon",
"word": "formo"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: *frum-; Icelandic",
"word": "frum-"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: *frum-",
"tags": [
"Faroese"
],
"word": "frum-"
},
{
"roman": "fruma",
"tags": [
"Gothic"
],
"word": "𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰"
},
{
"sense": "Old English: fruma (“beginning; prince; originator”)",
"tags": [
"English",
"Middle"
],
"word": "frume"
},
{
"sense": "Old English: fruma (“beginning; prince; originator”)",
"tags": [
"English",
"Middle"
],
"topics": [
"origin",
"source"
],
"word": "frome"
},
{
"english": "use, benefit",
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic",
"word": "froma"
},
{
"english": "use, benefit",
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic",
"word": "Old High German: frumaMiddle High German: vrome"
},
{
"english": "firm, upright",
"roman": "frum",
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "vrumeGerman: Fromme⇒ Middle High German: vrumeGerman: frommYiddish: פֿרום→ English: frum"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic",
"word": "frummer"
},
{
"english": "pious",
"sense": "⇒ Middle Low German: vrōme (“righteous”)",
"word": "→ Norwegian: from"
},
{
"english": "pious",
"sense": "⇒ Middle Low German: vrōme (“righteous”)",
"word": "→ Danish: from"
},
{
"english": "pious",
"sense": "→ Old Swedish: fromber (“pious”); Swedish",
"word": "from"
},
{
"english": "pious",
"sense": "⇒ Middle Dutch: vrome (“firm, upright”, adjective)",
"tags": [
"Dutch"
],
"word": "vroom"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-frumô-gem-pro-adj-p5N7ZLjK",
"links": [
[
"first",
"first"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸru.mɔːː/"
}
],
"word": "frumô"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"sense": "⇒ Middle English: former (comparative)",
"tags": [
"English"
],
"word": "former"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Middle English: former (comparative); Scots",
"word": "formar"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic; Old Saxon",
"word": "formo"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: *frum-; Icelandic",
"word": "frum-"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: *frum-",
"tags": [
"Faroese"
],
"word": "frum-"
},
{
"roman": "fruma",
"tags": [
"Gothic"
],
"word": "𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰"
},
{
"sense": "Old English: fruma (“beginning; prince; originator”)",
"tags": [
"English",
"Middle"
],
"word": "frume"
},
{
"sense": "Old English: fruma (“beginning; prince; originator”)",
"tags": [
"English",
"Middle"
],
"topics": [
"origin",
"source"
],
"word": "frome"
},
{
"english": "use, benefit",
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic",
"word": "froma"
},
{
"english": "pious",
"sense": "⇒ Middle Low German: vrōme (“righteous”)",
"word": "→ Norwegian: from"
},
{
"english": "pious",
"sense": "→ Old Swedish: fromber (“pious”); Swedish",
"word": "from"
},
{
"english": "pious",
"sense": "⇒ Middle Low German: vrōme (“righteous”)",
"word": "→ Danish: from"
},
{
"english": "pious",
"sense": "⇒ Middle Dutch: vrome (“firm, upright”, adjective)",
"tags": [
"Dutch"
],
"word": "vroom"
},
{
"english": "use, benefit",
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic",
"word": "Old High German: frumaMiddle High German: vrome"
},
{
"english": "firm, upright",
"roman": "frum",
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "vrumeGerman: Fromme⇒ Middle High German: vrumeGerman: frommYiddish: פֿרום→ English: frum"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic",
"word": "frummer"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*umô",
"t2": "superlative"
},
"expansion": "+ *-umô (“superlative”)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pr-",
"4": "",
"5": "before, formerly; through, throughout"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pr- (“before, formerly; through, throughout”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-tm̥mós",
"4": "*-mHo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-mHo-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *fr- (“for, forward”) + *-umô (“superlative”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr- (“before, formerly; through, throughout”) (see *per-) + Pre-Germanic *-m̥Hon-, from Proto-Indo-European *-mHo-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-adj-anin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an/īn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "frumô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumį̄",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumīniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumīnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumīnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruminiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumīniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumīnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruminiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumīni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumīmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruminē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumīnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumīmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruminē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frum"
},
"name": "gem-decl-adj-anin"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*frumô",
"10": "*frumammiz",
"11": "*frumį̄",
"12": "*frumīnų",
"13": "*frumīniz",
"14": "*frumīni",
"15": "*frumīnē",
"16": "*frumīniz",
"17": "*frumīnunz",
"18": "*frumīnǫ̂",
"19": "*frumīmaz",
"2": "*frumanų",
"20": "*frumīmiz",
"21": "*frumô",
"22": "*frumô",
"23": "*fruminiz",
"24": "*frumini",
"25": "*fruminē",
"26": "*frumōnō",
"27": "*frumōnō",
"28": "*frumanǫ̂",
"29": "*frumammaz",
"3": "*fruminiz",
"30": "*frumammiz",
"4": "*frumini",
"5": "*fruminē",
"6": "*frumaniz",
"7": "*frumanunz",
"8": "*frumanǫ̂",
"9": "*frumammaz",
"title": "*frumô (an/īn-stem)"
},
"name": "gem-decl-adj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frumô",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic an/īn-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic ordinal numbers",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per-",
"Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-umô",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"first"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"first",
"first"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸru.mɔːː/"
}
],
"word": "frumô"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.