See fram in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*pro-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pro-"
],
[
"*framaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/framaz"
],
[
"framr",
"framr#Old_Norse"
],
[
"fram",
"fram#Old_English"
],
[
"fromm",
"fromm#German"
],
[
"πρόμος",
"πρόμος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"promom",
"promom#Umbrian"
],
[
"pi̇̀rmas",
"pirmas#Lithuanian"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"id": "before"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": ":der",
"3": "ine-pro:*pro-<t:forth, forward>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"forth, forward\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"fare\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pér\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pró\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pro-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*fram\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }\" data-lang=\"gem-pro\" data-title=\"*fram\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pro-",
"t": "forth, forward"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“forth, forward”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*framaz",
"t": "forward, prominent"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *framaz (“forward, prominent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "framr",
"t": "forward; superior"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse framr (“forward; superior”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fram",
"t": "strenuous, active, bold, strong"
},
"expansion": "Old English fram (“strenuous, active, bold, strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "fromm",
"t": "good, upright, devout, pious"
},
"expansion": "German fromm (“good, upright, devout, pious”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρόμος",
"t": "foremost one, champion, leader, prince"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πρόμος (prómos, “foremost one, champion, leader, prince”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "promom",
"t": "at first, initially"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian promom (“at first, initially”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pìrmas",
"t": "first"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian pi̇̀rmas (“first”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“forth, forward”). Related to Proto-Germanic *framaz (“forward, prominent”) whence Old Norse framr (“forward; superior”), Old English fram (“strenuous, active, bold, strong”), German fromm (“good, upright, devout, pious”), Ancient Greek πρόμος (prómos, “foremost one, champion, leader, prince”), Umbrian promom (“at first, initially”), Lithuanian pi̇̀rmas (“first”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "*fram",
"name": "gem-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fram",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"from"
],
"id": "en-fram-gem-pro-prep-dYV6RYmZ",
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with dative) from"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"with-dative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 34 4 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 6 10 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 9 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 10 17 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"by, due to"
],
"id": "en-fram-gem-pro-prep-Bly0MQwU",
"links": [
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"due to",
"due to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with dative) by, due to"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"with-dative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɸrɑm/"
}
],
"word": "fram"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "framōną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "from"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "fram"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "vrom"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "vram"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "fro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "fra"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "vra"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"from Old Norse"
],
"word": "fray"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "fram"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "from"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "fram"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "vrom"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "vram"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "fro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "fra"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "vra"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"from Old Norse"
],
"word": "fray"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "fram"
},
{
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "fram-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "vram"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "fram"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "frá"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "frá"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "frå"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "frø"
},
{
"lang": "Elfdalian",
"lang_code": "ovd",
"word": "frą̊"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "från"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "frān"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "frā"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "fra"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "fra"
}
],
"lang": "Old Danish",
"lang_code": "gmq-oda",
"word": "fra"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "fra"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "fra"
}
],
"lang": "Old Danish",
"lang_code": "gmq-oda",
"word": "fraa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "fra"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "fra"
}
],
"lang": "Old Danish",
"lang_code": "gmq-oda",
"word": "fran"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fro"
},
{
"lang": "Geordie",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "frae"
},
{
"lang": "Geordie",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fra"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "frae"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "fra"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "fro"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "fae"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "fra"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fro"
},
{
"lang": "Geordie",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "frae"
},
{
"lang": "Geordie",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fra"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "frae"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "fra"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "fro"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "fae"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "fro"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "fra"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "frá"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "fram"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "fram"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "fram"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "fram"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "fram"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "fram"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "frem"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "frem"
}
],
"lang": "Old Danish",
"lang_code": "gmq-oda",
"word": "fræm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "frem"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "frem"
}
],
"lang": "Old Danish",
"lang_code": "gmq-oda",
"word": "fram"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "fram"
},
{
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "fram",
"word": "𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*pro-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pro-"
],
[
"*framaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/framaz"
],
[
"framr",
"framr#Old_Norse"
],
[
"fram",
"fram#Old_English"
],
[
"fromm",
"fromm#German"
],
[
"πρόμος",
"πρόμος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"promom",
"promom#Umbrian"
],
[
"pi̇̀rmas",
"pirmas#Lithuanian"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"id": "before"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": ":der",
"3": "ine-pro:*pro-<t:forth, forward>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"forth, forward\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"fare\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pér\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pró\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pro-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*fram\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }\" data-lang=\"gem-pro\" data-title=\"*fram\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pro-",
"t": "forth, forward"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“forth, forward”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*framaz",
"t": "forward, prominent"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *framaz (“forward, prominent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "framr",
"t": "forward; superior"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse framr (“forward; superior”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fram",
"t": "strenuous, active, bold, strong"
},
"expansion": "Old English fram (“strenuous, active, bold, strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "fromm",
"t": "good, upright, devout, pious"
},
"expansion": "German fromm (“good, upright, devout, pious”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρόμος",
"t": "foremost one, champion, leader, prince"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πρόμος (prómos, “foremost one, champion, leader, prince”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "promom",
"t": "at first, initially"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian promom (“at first, initially”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pìrmas",
"t": "first"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian pi̇̀rmas (“first”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“forth, forward”). Related to Proto-Germanic *framaz (“forward, prominent”) whence Old Norse framr (“forward; superior”), Old English fram (“strenuous, active, bold, strong”), German fromm (“good, upright, devout, pious”), Ancient Greek πρόμος (prómos, “foremost one, champion, leader, prince”), Umbrian promom (“at first, initially”), Lithuanian pi̇̀rmas (“first”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "framiz",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "framist",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "*framiz",
"2": "*framist"
},
"expansion": "*fram (comparative *framiz, superlative *framist)",
"name": "gem-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fram",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forth, forward"
],
"id": "en-fram-gem-pro-adv-LGQksc3Q",
"links": [
[
"forth",
"forth"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"away, further"
],
"id": "en-fram-gem-pro-adv-M-K9iG6C",
"links": [
[
"away",
"away"
],
[
"further",
"further"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɸrɑm/"
}
],
"word": "fram"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Proto-Germanic adverbs",
"Proto-Germanic entries with etymon",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (fare)"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*pro-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pro-"
],
[
"*framaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/framaz"
],
[
"framr",
"framr#Old_Norse"
],
[
"fram",
"fram#Old_English"
],
[
"fromm",
"fromm#German"
],
[
"πρόμος",
"πρόμος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"promom",
"promom#Umbrian"
],
[
"pi̇̀rmas",
"pirmas#Lithuanian"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"id": "before"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": ":der",
"3": "ine-pro:*pro-<t:forth, forward>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"forth, forward\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"fare\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pér\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pró\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pro-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*fram\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }\" data-lang=\"gem-pro\" data-title=\"*fram\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pro-",
"t": "forth, forward"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“forth, forward”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*framaz",
"t": "forward, prominent"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *framaz (“forward, prominent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "framr",
"t": "forward; superior"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse framr (“forward; superior”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fram",
"t": "strenuous, active, bold, strong"
},
"expansion": "Old English fram (“strenuous, active, bold, strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "fromm",
"t": "good, upright, devout, pious"
},
"expansion": "German fromm (“good, upright, devout, pious”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρόμος",
"t": "foremost one, champion, leader, prince"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πρόμος (prómos, “foremost one, champion, leader, prince”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "promom",
"t": "at first, initially"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian promom (“at first, initially”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pìrmas",
"t": "first"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian pi̇̀rmas (“first”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“forth, forward”). Related to Proto-Germanic *framaz (“forward, prominent”) whence Old Norse framr (“forward; superior”), Old English fram (“strenuous, active, bold, strong”), German fromm (“good, upright, devout, pious”), Ancient Greek πρόμος (prómos, “foremost one, champion, leader, prince”), Umbrian promom (“at first, initially”), Lithuanian pi̇̀rmas (“first”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "*fram",
"name": "gem-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fram",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"from"
],
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with dative) from"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"with-dative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"by, due to"
],
"links": [
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"due to",
"due to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with dative) by, due to"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"with-dative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɸrɑm/"
}
],
"word": "fram"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Proto-Germanic adverbs",
"Proto-Germanic entries with etymon",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (fare)"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "framōną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "from"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "fram"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "vrom"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "vram"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "fro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "fra"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "vra"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"from Old Norse"
],
"word": "fray"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "fram"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "from"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "fram"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "vrom"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "vram"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "fro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "fra"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "vra"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vreem"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vream"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrim"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"from Old Norse"
],
"word": "fray"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "from"
},
{
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "fram"
},
{
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "fram-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "vram"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "fram"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "frá"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "frá"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "frå"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "frø"
},
{
"lang": "Elfdalian",
"lang_code": "ovd",
"word": "frą̊"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "från"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "frān"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "frā"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "fra"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "fra"
}
],
"lang": "Old Danish",
"lang_code": "gmq-oda",
"word": "fra"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "fra"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "fra"
}
],
"lang": "Old Danish",
"lang_code": "gmq-oda",
"word": "fraa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "fra"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "fra"
}
],
"lang": "Old Danish",
"lang_code": "gmq-oda",
"word": "fran"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fro"
},
{
"lang": "Geordie",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "frae"
},
{
"lang": "Geordie",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fra"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "frae"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "fra"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "fro"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "fae"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "fra"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fro"
},
{
"lang": "Geordie",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "frae"
},
{
"lang": "Geordie",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fra"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "frae"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "fra"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "fro"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "fae"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "fro"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "fra"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "frá"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "fram"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "fram"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "fram"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "fram"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "fram"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "fram"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "frem"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "frem"
}
],
"lang": "Old Danish",
"lang_code": "gmq-oda",
"word": "fræm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "frem"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "frem"
}
],
"lang": "Old Danish",
"lang_code": "gmq-oda",
"word": "fram"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "fram"
},
{
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "fram",
"word": "𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*pro-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pro-"
],
[
"*framaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/framaz"
],
[
"framr",
"framr#Old_Norse"
],
[
"fram",
"fram#Old_English"
],
[
"fromm",
"fromm#German"
],
[
"πρόμος",
"πρόμος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"promom",
"promom#Umbrian"
],
[
"pi̇̀rmas",
"pirmas#Lithuanian"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"id": "before"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": ":der",
"3": "ine-pro:*pro-<t:forth, forward>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"forth, forward\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"fare\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pér\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pró\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pro-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*fram\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }\" data-lang=\"gem-pro\" data-title=\"*fram\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pro-",
"t": "forth, forward"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“forth, forward”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*framaz",
"t": "forward, prominent"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *framaz (“forward, prominent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "framr",
"t": "forward; superior"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse framr (“forward; superior”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fram",
"t": "strenuous, active, bold, strong"
},
"expansion": "Old English fram (“strenuous, active, bold, strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "fromm",
"t": "good, upright, devout, pious"
},
"expansion": "German fromm (“good, upright, devout, pious”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρόμος",
"t": "foremost one, champion, leader, prince"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πρόμος (prómos, “foremost one, champion, leader, prince”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "promom",
"t": "at first, initially"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian promom (“at first, initially”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pìrmas",
"t": "first"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian pi̇̀rmas (“first”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“forth, forward”). Related to Proto-Germanic *framaz (“forward, prominent”) whence Old Norse framr (“forward; superior”), Old English fram (“strenuous, active, bold, strong”), German fromm (“good, upright, devout, pious”), Ancient Greek πρόμος (prómos, “foremost one, champion, leader, prince”), Umbrian promom (“at first, initially”), Lithuanian pi̇̀rmas (“first”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "framiz",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "framist",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "*framiz",
"2": "*framist"
},
"expansion": "*fram (comparative *framiz, superlative *framist)",
"name": "gem-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fram",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forth, forward"
],
"links": [
[
"forth",
"forth"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"away, further"
],
"links": [
[
"away",
"away"
],
[
"further",
"further"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɸrɑm/"
}
],
"word": "fram"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fram meaning in Proto-Germanic (22.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.