"fūlaz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See fūlaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈɸuː.lɑz/
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *puH- (“to be rotten; putrid”). Cognate with Lithuanian pū́ti (“to rot”), Latin pūs (“foul, corrupt matter; pus”), Sanskrit पूयति (pūyati, “rots, smells”), Persian پوسیدن (pusidan, “to rot”). Etymology templates: {{root|gem-pro|ine-pro|*puH-}}, {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*puH-|t=to be rotten; putrid}} Proto-Indo-European *puH- (“to be rotten; putrid”), {{cog|lt|pū́ti|t=to rot}} Lithuanian pū́ti (“to rot”), {{cog|la|pūs|t=foul, corrupt matter; pus}} Latin pūs (“foul, corrupt matter; pus”), {{cog|sa|पूयति|t=rots, smells}} Sanskrit पूयति (pūyati, “rots, smells”), {{cog|fa|پوسیدن|t=to rot|tr=pusidan}} Persian پوسیدن (pusidan, “to rot”) Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-adj-a|fūl}}, {{gem-decl-adj-table2|*fūlaz|*fūlanǭ|*fūlas, -is|*fūlammai|*fūlanō|*fūlai|*fūlanz|*fūlaizǫ̂|*fūlaimaz|*fūlaimiz|*fūlō|*fūlǭ|*fūlaizōz|*fūlaizōi|*fūlaizō|*fūlôz|*fūlōz|*fūlaizǫ̂|*fūlaimaz|*fūlaimiz|*fūlą, -atō|*fūlą, -atō|*fūlas, -is|*fūlammai|*fūlanō|*fūlō|*fūlō|*fūlaizǫ̂|*fūlaimaz|*fūlaimiz|*fūlô|*fūlanų|*fūliniz|*fūlini|*fūlinē|*fūlaniz|*fūlanunz|*fūlanǫ̂|*fūlammaz|*fūlammiz|*fūlǭ|*fūlōnų|*fūlōniz|*fūlōni|*fūlōnē|*fūlōniz|*fūlōnunz|*fūlōnǫ̂|*fūlōmaz|*fūlōmiz|*fūlô|*fūlô|*fūliniz|*fūlini|*fūlinē|*fūlōnō|*fūlōnō|*fūlanǫ̂|*fūlammaz|*fūlammiz|title=*fūlaz (a-stem)}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], fūlaz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], fūlai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], fūlō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], fūlôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], fūlą [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], fūlō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], fūlanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], fūlanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], fūlǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], fūlōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], fūlą [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], fūlō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], fūlas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], fūlaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], fūlaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], fūlaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], fūlas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], fūlaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], fūlammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], fūlaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], fūlaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], fūlaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], fūlammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], fūlaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], fūlanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], fūlaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], fūlaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], fūlaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], fūlanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], fūlaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], fūlô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], fūlaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], fūlǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], fūlōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], fūlô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], fūlōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], fūlanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], fūlanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], fūlōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], fūlōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], fūlô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], fūlōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], fūliniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], fūlanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], fūlōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], fūlōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], fūliniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], fūlanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], fūlini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], fūlammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], fūlōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], fūlōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], fūlini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], fūlammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], fūlinē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], fūlammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], fūlōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], fūlōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], fūlinē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], fūlammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. foul, dirty Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-fūlaz-gem-pro-adj-A7ymC81H Categories (other): Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 46 54
  2. rotten Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-fūlaz-gem-pro-adj-7aVlqQZ- Categories (other): Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 46 54
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: fawjaną, fūlą, fūlį̄, fūô
Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 0 0 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 0
{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    },
    {
      "_dis": "0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Pages with entries",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*fūl"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *fūl\nOld English: fūl\nMiddle English: foul\nEnglish: foul\nScots: foul\nOld Frisian: fūl\nSaterland Frisian: fuul\nWest Frisian: fûl\nOld Saxon: *fūl (in derivatives)\nMiddle Low German: vûl\nGerman Low German: fuul\nOld Dutch: *fūl (in derivatives)\nMiddle Dutch: vuul\nDutch: vuil\nAfrikaans: vuil\nOld High German: fūl\nMiddle High German: vūl, voul\nCimbrian: baul\nGerman: faul\nYiddish: פֿױל (foyl)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *fūl\nOld English: fūl\nMiddle English: foul\nEnglish: foul\nScots: foul\nOld Frisian: fūl\nSaterland Frisian: fuul\nWest Frisian: fûl\nOld Saxon: *fūl (in derivatives)\nMiddle Low German: vûl\nGerman Low German: fuul\nOld Dutch: *fūl (in derivatives)\nMiddle Dutch: vuul\nDutch: vuil\nAfrikaans: vuil\nOld High German: fūl\nMiddle High German: vūl, voul\nCimbrian: baul\nGerman: faul\nYiddish: פֿױל (foyl)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "fúll"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: fúll",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: fúll"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "fúll"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: fúll",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: fúll"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "fúlur"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: fúlur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: fúlur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "ful"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: ful",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Bokmål: ful"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "ful"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: ful",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: ful"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "fūl"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: fūl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: fūl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "ful"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: ful",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: ful"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "ful"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: ful",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: ful"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-gut",
            "2": "fäul"
          },
          "expansion": "Gutnish: fäul",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gutnish: fäul"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐍆𐌿𐌻𐍃",
            "tr": "fūls"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐍆𐌿𐌻𐍃 (fūls)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐍆𐌿𐌻𐍃 (fūls)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*puH-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*puH-",
        "t": "to be rotten; putrid"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *puH- (“to be rotten; putrid”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "pū́ti",
        "t": "to rot"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian pū́ti (“to rot”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "pūs",
        "t": "foul, corrupt matter; pus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin pūs (“foul, corrupt matter; pus”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "पूयति",
        "t": "rots, smells"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit पूयति (pūyati, “rots, smells”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "پوسیدن",
        "t": "to rot",
        "tr": "pusidan"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian پوسیدن (pusidan, “to rot”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *puH- (“to be rotten; putrid”). Cognate with Lithuanian pū́ti (“to rot”), Latin pūs (“foul, corrupt matter; pus”), Sanskrit पूयति (pūyati, “rots, smells”), Persian پوسیدن (pusidan, “to rot”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūliniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūliniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fūl"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*fūlaz",
        "10": "*fūlaimiz",
        "11": "*fūlō",
        "12": "*fūlǭ",
        "13": "*fūlaizōz",
        "14": "*fūlaizōi",
        "15": "*fūlaizō",
        "16": "*fūlôz",
        "17": "*fūlōz",
        "18": "*fūlaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*fūlaimaz",
        "2": "*fūlanǭ",
        "20": "*fūlaimiz",
        "21": "*fūlą, -atō",
        "22": "*fūlą, -atō",
        "23": "*fūlas, -is",
        "24": "*fūlammai",
        "25": "*fūlanō",
        "26": "*fūlō",
        "27": "*fūlō",
        "28": "*fūlaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*fūlaimaz",
        "3": "*fūlas, -is",
        "30": "*fūlaimiz",
        "31": "*fūlô",
        "32": "*fūlanų",
        "33": "*fūliniz",
        "34": "*fūlini",
        "35": "*fūlinē",
        "36": "*fūlaniz",
        "37": "*fūlanunz",
        "38": "*fūlanǫ̂",
        "39": "*fūlammaz",
        "4": "*fūlammai",
        "40": "*fūlammiz",
        "41": "*fūlǭ",
        "42": "*fūlōnų",
        "43": "*fūlōniz",
        "44": "*fūlōni",
        "45": "*fūlōnē",
        "46": "*fūlōniz",
        "47": "*fūlōnunz",
        "48": "*fūlōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*fūlōmaz",
        "5": "*fūlanō",
        "50": "*fūlōmiz",
        "51": "*fūlô",
        "52": "*fūlô",
        "53": "*fūliniz",
        "54": "*fūlini",
        "55": "*fūlinē",
        "56": "*fūlōnō",
        "57": "*fūlōnō",
        "58": "*fūlanǫ̂",
        "59": "*fūlammaz",
        "6": "*fūlai",
        "60": "*fūlammiz",
        "7": "*fūlanz",
        "8": "*fūlaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*fūlaimaz",
        "title": "*fūlaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fūlaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "fawjaną"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "fūlą"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "fūlį̄"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "fūô"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "foul, dirty"
      ],
      "id": "en-fūlaz-gem-pro-adj-A7ymC81H",
      "links": [
        [
          "foul",
          "foul"
        ],
        [
          "dirty",
          "dirty"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "rotten"
      ],
      "id": "en-fūlaz-gem-pro-adj-7aVlqQZ-",
      "links": [
        [
          "rotten",
          "rotten"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɸuː.lɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "fūlaz"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *puH-"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*fūl"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *fūl\nOld English: fūl\nMiddle English: foul\nEnglish: foul\nScots: foul\nOld Frisian: fūl\nSaterland Frisian: fuul\nWest Frisian: fûl\nOld Saxon: *fūl (in derivatives)\nMiddle Low German: vûl\nGerman Low German: fuul\nOld Dutch: *fūl (in derivatives)\nMiddle Dutch: vuul\nDutch: vuil\nAfrikaans: vuil\nOld High German: fūl\nMiddle High German: vūl, voul\nCimbrian: baul\nGerman: faul\nYiddish: פֿױל (foyl)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *fūl\nOld English: fūl\nMiddle English: foul\nEnglish: foul\nScots: foul\nOld Frisian: fūl\nSaterland Frisian: fuul\nWest Frisian: fûl\nOld Saxon: *fūl (in derivatives)\nMiddle Low German: vûl\nGerman Low German: fuul\nOld Dutch: *fūl (in derivatives)\nMiddle Dutch: vuul\nDutch: vuil\nAfrikaans: vuil\nOld High German: fūl\nMiddle High German: vūl, voul\nCimbrian: baul\nGerman: faul\nYiddish: פֿױל (foyl)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "fúll"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: fúll",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: fúll"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "fúll"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: fúll",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: fúll"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "fúlur"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: fúlur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: fúlur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "ful"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: ful",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Bokmål: ful"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "ful"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: ful",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: ful"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "fūl"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: fūl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: fūl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "ful"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: ful",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: ful"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "ful"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: ful",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: ful"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-gut",
            "2": "fäul"
          },
          "expansion": "Gutnish: fäul",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gutnish: fäul"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐍆𐌿𐌻𐍃",
            "tr": "fūls"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐍆𐌿𐌻𐍃 (fūls)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐍆𐌿𐌻𐍃 (fūls)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*puH-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*puH-",
        "t": "to be rotten; putrid"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *puH- (“to be rotten; putrid”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "pū́ti",
        "t": "to rot"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian pū́ti (“to rot”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "pūs",
        "t": "foul, corrupt matter; pus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin pūs (“foul, corrupt matter; pus”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "पूयति",
        "t": "rots, smells"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit पूयति (pūyati, “rots, smells”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "پوسیدن",
        "t": "to rot",
        "tr": "pusidan"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian پوسیدن (pusidan, “to rot”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *puH- (“to be rotten; putrid”). Cognate with Lithuanian pū́ti (“to rot”), Latin pūs (“foul, corrupt matter; pus”), Sanskrit पूयति (pūyati, “rots, smells”), Persian پوسیدن (pusidan, “to rot”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūliniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūliniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fūl"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*fūlaz",
        "10": "*fūlaimiz",
        "11": "*fūlō",
        "12": "*fūlǭ",
        "13": "*fūlaizōz",
        "14": "*fūlaizōi",
        "15": "*fūlaizō",
        "16": "*fūlôz",
        "17": "*fūlōz",
        "18": "*fūlaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*fūlaimaz",
        "2": "*fūlanǭ",
        "20": "*fūlaimiz",
        "21": "*fūlą, -atō",
        "22": "*fūlą, -atō",
        "23": "*fūlas, -is",
        "24": "*fūlammai",
        "25": "*fūlanō",
        "26": "*fūlō",
        "27": "*fūlō",
        "28": "*fūlaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*fūlaimaz",
        "3": "*fūlas, -is",
        "30": "*fūlaimiz",
        "31": "*fūlô",
        "32": "*fūlanų",
        "33": "*fūliniz",
        "34": "*fūlini",
        "35": "*fūlinē",
        "36": "*fūlaniz",
        "37": "*fūlanunz",
        "38": "*fūlanǫ̂",
        "39": "*fūlammaz",
        "4": "*fūlammai",
        "40": "*fūlammiz",
        "41": "*fūlǭ",
        "42": "*fūlōnų",
        "43": "*fūlōniz",
        "44": "*fūlōni",
        "45": "*fūlōnē",
        "46": "*fūlōniz",
        "47": "*fūlōnunz",
        "48": "*fūlōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*fūlōmaz",
        "5": "*fūlanō",
        "50": "*fūlōmiz",
        "51": "*fūlô",
        "52": "*fūlô",
        "53": "*fūliniz",
        "54": "*fūlini",
        "55": "*fūlinē",
        "56": "*fūlōnō",
        "57": "*fūlōnō",
        "58": "*fūlanǫ̂",
        "59": "*fūlammaz",
        "6": "*fūlai",
        "60": "*fūlammiz",
        "7": "*fūlanz",
        "8": "*fūlaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*fūlaimaz",
        "title": "*fūlaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fūlaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "fawjaną"
    },
    {
      "word": "fūlą"
    },
    {
      "word": "fūlį̄"
    },
    {
      "word": "fūô"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "foul, dirty"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "foul",
          "foul"
        ],
        [
          "dirty",
          "dirty"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "rotten"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rotten",
          "rotten"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɸuː.lɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "fūlaz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for fūlaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (12.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d49d402 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.