"erknaz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See erknaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈer.knɑz/
Etymology: Unlikely to be from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erǵ- (“white, shining”), which would give Proto-Germanic *ark-, but instead seems to represent a Proto-Indo-European *h₁erg- or *h₁erǵ-. Possibly cognate with Tocharian A yärk- (“to honor, venerate”), Tocharian B yarke (“honor, reverence”). Etymology templates: {{cog|ine-pro|*h₂erǵ-||white, shining}} Proto-Indo-European *h₂erǵ- (“white, shining”), {{cog|gem-pro||*ark-}} Proto-Germanic *ark-, {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro||*h₁erg-}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁erg-, {{cog|xto|yärk-||to honor, venerate}} Tocharian A yärk- (“to honor, venerate”), {{cog|txb|yarke||honor, reverence}} Tocharian B yarke (“honor, reverence”) Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-adj-a|erkn}}, {{gem-decl-adj-table2|*erknaz|*erknanǭ|*erknas, -is|*erknammai|*erknanō|*erknai|*erknanz|*erknaizǫ̂|*erknaimaz|*erknaimiz|*erknō|*erknǭ|*erknaizōz|*erknaizōi|*erknaizō|*erknôz|*erknōz|*erknaizǫ̂|*erknaimaz|*erknaimiz|*erkną, -atō|*erkną, -atō|*erknas, -is|*erknammai|*erknanō|*erknō|*erknō|*erknaizǫ̂|*erknaimaz|*erknaimiz|*erknô|*erknanų|*erkniniz|*erknini|*erkninē|*erknaniz|*erknanunz|*erknanǫ̂|*erknammaz|*erknammiz|*erknǭ|*erknōnų|*erknōniz|*erknōni|*erknōnē|*erknōniz|*erknōnunz|*erknōnǫ̂|*erknōmaz|*erknōmiz|*erknô|*erknô|*erkniniz|*erknini|*erkninē|*erknōnō|*erknōnō|*erknanǫ̂|*erknammaz|*erknammiz|title=*erknaz (a-stem)}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], erknaz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], erknai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], erknō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], erknôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], erkną [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], erknō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], erknanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], erknanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], erknǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], erknōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], erkną [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], erknō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], erknas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], erknaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], erknaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], erknaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], erknas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], erknaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], erknammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], erknaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], erknaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], erknaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], erknammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], erknaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], erknanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], erknaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], erknaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], erknaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], erknanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], erknaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], erknô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], erknaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], erknǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], erknōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], erknô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], erknōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], erknanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], erknanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], erknōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], erknōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], erknô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], erknōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], erkniniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], erknanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], erknōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], erknōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], erkniniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], erknanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], erknini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], erknammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], erknōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], erknōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], erknini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], erknammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], erkninē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], erknammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], erknōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], erknōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], erkninē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], erknammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. pure, holy, genuine, precious Tags: reconstruction Derived forms: Erknabalþaz, erknastainaz
    Sense id: en-erknaz-gem-pro-adj-lMZ9QM0Q Categories (other): Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header

Download JSON data for erknaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (11.1kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*erkn"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *erkn\nOld English: eorcnan\nOld High German: erkan, erchan",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *erkn\nOld English: eorcnan\nOld High German: erkan, erchan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "*jarkn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: *jarkn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: *jarkn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "jartegn",
            "3": "tein",
            "4": "ᛁᛅᚱᛏᛁᚴᚾᚢᛘ",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: jartegn, tein, ᛁᛅᚱᛏᛁᚴᚾᚢᛘ (iartiknum)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Old Norse: jartegn, tein, ᛁᛅᚱᛏᛁᚴᚾᚢᛘ (iartiknum)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "jarteikn"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: jarteikn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: jarteikn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "iärtekn",
            "3": "iärtighne"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: iärtekn, iärtighne",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: iärtekn, iärtighne"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "järtecken"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: järtecken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: järtecken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "jærtegn"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: jærtegn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: jærtegn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌺𐌽𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌺𐌽𐍃 (airkns)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌺𐌽𐍃 (airkns)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₂erǵ-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "white, shining"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂erǵ- (“white, shining”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*ark-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ark-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*h₁erg-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁erg-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xto",
        "2": "yärk-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to honor, venerate"
      },
      "expansion": "Tocharian A yärk- (“to honor, venerate”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "txb",
        "2": "yarke",
        "3": "",
        "4": "honor, reverence"
      },
      "expansion": "Tocharian B yarke (“honor, reverence”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unlikely to be from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erǵ- (“white, shining”), which would give Proto-Germanic *ark-, but instead seems to represent a Proto-Indo-European *h₁erg- or *h₁erǵ-. Possibly cognate with Tocharian A yärk- (“to honor, venerate”), Tocharian B yarke (“honor, reverence”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erkną",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erkną",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erkniniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erkniniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erkninē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erkninē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "erkn"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*erknaz",
        "10": "*erknaimiz",
        "11": "*erknō",
        "12": "*erknǭ",
        "13": "*erknaizōz",
        "14": "*erknaizōi",
        "15": "*erknaizō",
        "16": "*erknôz",
        "17": "*erknōz",
        "18": "*erknaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*erknaimaz",
        "2": "*erknanǭ",
        "20": "*erknaimiz",
        "21": "*erkną, -atō",
        "22": "*erkną, -atō",
        "23": "*erknas, -is",
        "24": "*erknammai",
        "25": "*erknanō",
        "26": "*erknō",
        "27": "*erknō",
        "28": "*erknaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*erknaimaz",
        "3": "*erknas, -is",
        "30": "*erknaimiz",
        "31": "*erknô",
        "32": "*erknanų",
        "33": "*erkniniz",
        "34": "*erknini",
        "35": "*erkninē",
        "36": "*erknaniz",
        "37": "*erknanunz",
        "38": "*erknanǫ̂",
        "39": "*erknammaz",
        "4": "*erknammai",
        "40": "*erknammiz",
        "41": "*erknǭ",
        "42": "*erknōnų",
        "43": "*erknōniz",
        "44": "*erknōni",
        "45": "*erknōnē",
        "46": "*erknōniz",
        "47": "*erknōnunz",
        "48": "*erknōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*erknōmaz",
        "5": "*erknanō",
        "50": "*erknōmiz",
        "51": "*erknô",
        "52": "*erknô",
        "53": "*erkniniz",
        "54": "*erknini",
        "55": "*erkninē",
        "56": "*erknōnō",
        "57": "*erknōnō",
        "58": "*erknanǫ̂",
        "59": "*erknammaz",
        "6": "*erknai",
        "60": "*erknammiz",
        "7": "*erknanz",
        "8": "*erknaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*erknaimaz",
        "title": "*erknaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/erknaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "Erknabalþaz"
        },
        {
          "word": "erknastainaz"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pure, holy, genuine, precious"
      ],
      "id": "en-erknaz-gem-pro-adj-lMZ9QM0Q",
      "links": [
        [
          "pure",
          "pure"
        ],
        [
          "holy",
          "holy"
        ],
        [
          "genuine",
          "genuine"
        ],
        [
          "precious",
          "precious"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈer.knɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "erknaz"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "Erknabalþaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "erknastainaz"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*erkn"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *erkn\nOld English: eorcnan\nOld High German: erkan, erchan",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *erkn\nOld English: eorcnan\nOld High German: erkan, erchan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "*jarkn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: *jarkn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: *jarkn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "jartegn",
            "3": "tein",
            "4": "ᛁᛅᚱᛏᛁᚴᚾᚢᛘ",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: jartegn, tein, ᛁᛅᚱᛏᛁᚴᚾᚢᛘ (iartiknum)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Old Norse: jartegn, tein, ᛁᛅᚱᛏᛁᚴᚾᚢᛘ (iartiknum)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "jarteikn"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: jarteikn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: jarteikn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "iärtekn",
            "3": "iärtighne"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: iärtekn, iärtighne",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: iärtekn, iärtighne"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "järtecken"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: järtecken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: järtecken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "jærtegn"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: jærtegn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: jærtegn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌺𐌽𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌺𐌽𐍃 (airkns)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌺𐌽𐍃 (airkns)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₂erǵ-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "white, shining"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂erǵ- (“white, shining”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*ark-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ark-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*h₁erg-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁erg-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xto",
        "2": "yärk-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to honor, venerate"
      },
      "expansion": "Tocharian A yärk- (“to honor, venerate”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "txb",
        "2": "yarke",
        "3": "",
        "4": "honor, reverence"
      },
      "expansion": "Tocharian B yarke (“honor, reverence”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unlikely to be from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erǵ- (“white, shining”), which would give Proto-Germanic *ark-, but instead seems to represent a Proto-Indo-European *h₁erg- or *h₁erǵ-. Possibly cognate with Tocharian A yärk- (“to honor, venerate”), Tocharian B yarke (“honor, reverence”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erkną",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erkną",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erkniniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erkniniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erkninē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erkninē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erknammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "erkn"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*erknaz",
        "10": "*erknaimiz",
        "11": "*erknō",
        "12": "*erknǭ",
        "13": "*erknaizōz",
        "14": "*erknaizōi",
        "15": "*erknaizō",
        "16": "*erknôz",
        "17": "*erknōz",
        "18": "*erknaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*erknaimaz",
        "2": "*erknanǭ",
        "20": "*erknaimiz",
        "21": "*erkną, -atō",
        "22": "*erkną, -atō",
        "23": "*erknas, -is",
        "24": "*erknammai",
        "25": "*erknanō",
        "26": "*erknō",
        "27": "*erknō",
        "28": "*erknaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*erknaimaz",
        "3": "*erknas, -is",
        "30": "*erknaimiz",
        "31": "*erknô",
        "32": "*erknanų",
        "33": "*erkniniz",
        "34": "*erknini",
        "35": "*erkninē",
        "36": "*erknaniz",
        "37": "*erknanunz",
        "38": "*erknanǫ̂",
        "39": "*erknammaz",
        "4": "*erknammai",
        "40": "*erknammiz",
        "41": "*erknǭ",
        "42": "*erknōnų",
        "43": "*erknōniz",
        "44": "*erknōni",
        "45": "*erknōnē",
        "46": "*erknōniz",
        "47": "*erknōnunz",
        "48": "*erknōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*erknōmaz",
        "5": "*erknanō",
        "50": "*erknōmiz",
        "51": "*erknô",
        "52": "*erknô",
        "53": "*erkniniz",
        "54": "*erknini",
        "55": "*erkninē",
        "56": "*erknōnō",
        "57": "*erknōnō",
        "58": "*erknanǫ̂",
        "59": "*erknammaz",
        "6": "*erknai",
        "60": "*erknammiz",
        "7": "*erknanz",
        "8": "*erknaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*erknaimaz",
        "title": "*erknaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/erknaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pure, holy, genuine, precious"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pure",
          "pure"
        ],
        [
          "holy",
          "holy"
        ],
        [
          "genuine",
          "genuine"
        ],
        [
          "precious",
          "precious"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈer.knɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "erknaz"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.