See elmaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*elm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *elm, *alm, *ulm, *olm\nOld English: elm, *ulm m\nMiddle English: elm, alme, elme, helm, ulme\nEnglish: elm (dialectal ellum)\nScots: elm\n⇒ Old English: ulmtrēow\nMiddle English: ulm tree, elme-tre, elmetree\nEnglish: elmtree\nOld Saxon: elm, alm m (alm in placenames)\nMiddle Low German: elme, elm, olm m\nLow German: Elm, Ölm, Ilm, Ülm\nOld Dutch: *olm m, alma f, alme-, elme-, helme- (in placenames)\nMiddle Dutch: olm, *alm m, olme f (conflated with Old French olme?)\nDutch: olm, alm m\nOld High German: elm, ilme, elmo m\nMiddle High German: ëlm, ëlme, elmene, ilm, ilme, ilmene f\nAlemannic German: Elme, Ilme, Olme\n⇒ Middle High German: ilmboum, ilmpoum\n>? Old High German: ulm m (native or borrowed from Latin ulmus?)\nMiddle High German: ulme f (new borrowing from Latin, or back-formation from ulmboum and influenced by Latin?)\nGerman: Ulme f\n⇒ Old High German: ulmboum\nMiddle High German: ulmboum, ulmpoum",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *elm, *alm, *ulm, *olm\nOld English: elm, *ulm m\nMiddle English: elm, alme, elme, helm, ulme\nEnglish: elm (dialectal ellum)\nScots: elm\n⇒ Old English: ulmtrēow\nMiddle English: ulm tree, elme-tre, elmetree\nEnglish: elmtree\nOld Saxon: elm, alm m (alm in placenames)\nMiddle Low German: elme, elm, olm m\nLow German: Elm, Ölm, Ilm, Ülm\nOld Dutch: *olm m, alma f, alme-, elme-, helme- (in placenames)\nMiddle Dutch: olm, *alm m, olme f (conflated with Old French olme?)\nDutch: olm, alm m\nOld High German: elm, ilme, elmo m\nMiddle High German: ëlm, ëlme, elmene, ilm, ilme, ilmene f\nAlemannic German: Elme, Ilme, Olme\n⇒ Middle High German: ilmboum, ilmpoum\n>? Old High German: ulm m (native or borrowed from Latin ulmus?)\nMiddle High German: ulme f (new borrowing from Latin, or back-formation from ulmboum and influenced by Latin?)\nGerman: Ulme f\n⇒ Old High German: ulmboum\nMiddle High German: ulmboum, ulmpoum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "almr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: almr\nIcelandic: álmur\nFaroese: álmur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: alm; (dialectal) æłm, ålm’e, åm’e\nNorwegian Bokmål: alm\nSwedish: alm\n⇒ Old Norse: elmi (collective)\nDanish: elm\nSwedish: älme (dialectal)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: almr\nIcelandic: álmur\nFaroese: álmur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: alm; (dialectal) æłm, ålm’e, åm’e\nNorwegian Bokmål: alm\nSwedish: alm\n⇒ Old Norse: elmi (collective)\nDanish: elm\nSwedish: älme (dialectal)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁élem",
"4": "*h₁él(e)m",
"t": "mountain elm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁él(e)m (“mountain elm”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ablaut",
"2": "ablauting"
},
"expansion": "ablauting",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₁él(e)m (“mountain elm”).\nKroonen (2011) regards the variant *ulmaz as evidence of an ablauting paradigm, most likely *elm ~ *ulmaz from an amphikinetic m-stem *h₁él-m̥ ~ *h₁l̥-m-ós (compare *armaz and *halmaz for potentially the same type). However, this lemma is not included in his 2013 dictionary.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "elmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "elmōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "elmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "elm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "elmōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "elmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "elmą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "elmanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "elmas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ilmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "elmǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ilmai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "elmamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "elmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "elmamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/elmaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"elm tree"
],
"id": "en-elmaz-gem-pro-noun-YcVYv~DS",
"links": [
[
"elm",
"elm"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"wood from an elm tree"
],
"id": "en-elmaz-gem-pro-noun-R9vnFo2m",
"links": [
[
"wood",
"wood"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Northern"
],
"word": "almaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Western"
],
"word": "ulmaz"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "elmaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"gem-pro:Rosales order plants",
"gem-pro:Trees",
"gem-pro:Woods"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*elm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *elm, *alm, *ulm, *olm\nOld English: elm, *ulm m\nMiddle English: elm, alme, elme, helm, ulme\nEnglish: elm (dialectal ellum)\nScots: elm\n⇒ Old English: ulmtrēow\nMiddle English: ulm tree, elme-tre, elmetree\nEnglish: elmtree\nOld Saxon: elm, alm m (alm in placenames)\nMiddle Low German: elme, elm, olm m\nLow German: Elm, Ölm, Ilm, Ülm\nOld Dutch: *olm m, alma f, alme-, elme-, helme- (in placenames)\nMiddle Dutch: olm, *alm m, olme f (conflated with Old French olme?)\nDutch: olm, alm m\nOld High German: elm, ilme, elmo m\nMiddle High German: ëlm, ëlme, elmene, ilm, ilme, ilmene f\nAlemannic German: Elme, Ilme, Olme\n⇒ Middle High German: ilmboum, ilmpoum\n>? Old High German: ulm m (native or borrowed from Latin ulmus?)\nMiddle High German: ulme f (new borrowing from Latin, or back-formation from ulmboum and influenced by Latin?)\nGerman: Ulme f\n⇒ Old High German: ulmboum\nMiddle High German: ulmboum, ulmpoum",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *elm, *alm, *ulm, *olm\nOld English: elm, *ulm m\nMiddle English: elm, alme, elme, helm, ulme\nEnglish: elm (dialectal ellum)\nScots: elm\n⇒ Old English: ulmtrēow\nMiddle English: ulm tree, elme-tre, elmetree\nEnglish: elmtree\nOld Saxon: elm, alm m (alm in placenames)\nMiddle Low German: elme, elm, olm m\nLow German: Elm, Ölm, Ilm, Ülm\nOld Dutch: *olm m, alma f, alme-, elme-, helme- (in placenames)\nMiddle Dutch: olm, *alm m, olme f (conflated with Old French olme?)\nDutch: olm, alm m\nOld High German: elm, ilme, elmo m\nMiddle High German: ëlm, ëlme, elmene, ilm, ilme, ilmene f\nAlemannic German: Elme, Ilme, Olme\n⇒ Middle High German: ilmboum, ilmpoum\n>? Old High German: ulm m (native or borrowed from Latin ulmus?)\nMiddle High German: ulme f (new borrowing from Latin, or back-formation from ulmboum and influenced by Latin?)\nGerman: Ulme f\n⇒ Old High German: ulmboum\nMiddle High German: ulmboum, ulmpoum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "almr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: almr\nIcelandic: álmur\nFaroese: álmur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: alm; (dialectal) æłm, ålm’e, åm’e\nNorwegian Bokmål: alm\nSwedish: alm\n⇒ Old Norse: elmi (collective)\nDanish: elm\nSwedish: älme (dialectal)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: almr\nIcelandic: álmur\nFaroese: álmur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: alm; (dialectal) æłm, ålm’e, åm’e\nNorwegian Bokmål: alm\nSwedish: alm\n⇒ Old Norse: elmi (collective)\nDanish: elm\nSwedish: älme (dialectal)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁élem",
"4": "*h₁él(e)m",
"t": "mountain elm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁él(e)m (“mountain elm”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ablaut",
"2": "ablauting"
},
"expansion": "ablauting",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₁él(e)m (“mountain elm”).\nKroonen (2011) regards the variant *ulmaz as evidence of an ablauting paradigm, most likely *elm ~ *ulmaz from an amphikinetic m-stem *h₁él-m̥ ~ *h₁l̥-m-ós (compare *armaz and *halmaz for potentially the same type). However, this lemma is not included in his 2013 dictionary.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "elmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "elmōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "elmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "elm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "elmōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "elmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "elmą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "elmanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "elmas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ilmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "elmǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ilmai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "elmamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "elmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "elmamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/elmaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"elm tree"
],
"links": [
[
"elm",
"elm"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"wood from an elm tree"
],
"links": [
[
"wood",
"wood"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Northern"
],
"word": "almaz"
},
{
"tags": [
"Western"
],
"word": "ulmaz"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "elmaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for elmaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.