See dungō in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dungijǭ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*dungu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *dungu\nOld English: dung, ding\nMiddle English: donge, dong, donke, doung, dounge, dung, dunge\nEnglish: dung\nScots: dung\nOld Frisian: dung\nNorth Frisian: dong\nWest Frisian: dong\nOld Dutch: *dunga\nMiddle Dutch: donge\nDutch: dong\nOld High German: tunga\nMiddle High German: tunge",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *dungu\nOld English: dung, ding\nMiddle English: donge, dong, donke, doung, dounge, dung, dunge\nEnglish: dung\nScots: dung\nOld Frisian: dung\nNorth Frisian: dong\nWest Frisian: dong\nOld Dutch: *dunga\nMiddle Dutch: donge\nDutch: dong\nOld High German: tunga\nMiddle High German: tunge"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰḿ̥ǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰḿ̥ǵʰ-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "dañga",
"t": "rut, corner, piece of land that is surrounded by water or marshlands on three sides, bay"
},
"expansion": "Latvian dañga (“rut, corner, piece of land that is surrounded by water or marshlands on three sides, bay”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*dungz",
"t": "cellar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dungz (“cellar”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *dʰḿ̥ǵʰ-, metathesized from *dʰǵʰḿ̥-, from *dʰéǵʰ-ōm ~ *dʰǵʰ-més (“earth”). Possibly cognate with Latvian dañga (“rut, corner, piece of land that is surrounded by water or marshlands on three sides, bay”). Often citied as being related to Proto-Germanic *dungz (“cellar”), from *dʰengʰ- (“to cover, hide, conceal”), however this seems semantically doubtful.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dungō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dungō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dungôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dungǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dungōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dungōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dungō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dungō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"earth, dirt"
],
"id": "en-dungō-gem-pro-noun-l~u2f1Wi",
"links": [
[
"earth",
"earth"
],
[
"dirt",
"dirt"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dung, manure"
],
"id": "en-dungō-gem-pro-noun-Jho3YYzp",
"links": [
[
"dung",
"dung"
],
[
"manure",
"manure"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "dungō"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Proto-Germanic ō-stem nouns"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dungijǭ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*dungu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *dungu\nOld English: dung, ding\nMiddle English: donge, dong, donke, doung, dounge, dung, dunge\nEnglish: dung\nScots: dung\nOld Frisian: dung\nNorth Frisian: dong\nWest Frisian: dong\nOld Dutch: *dunga\nMiddle Dutch: donge\nDutch: dong\nOld High German: tunga\nMiddle High German: tunge",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *dungu\nOld English: dung, ding\nMiddle English: donge, dong, donke, doung, dounge, dung, dunge\nEnglish: dung\nScots: dung\nOld Frisian: dung\nNorth Frisian: dong\nWest Frisian: dong\nOld Dutch: *dunga\nMiddle Dutch: donge\nDutch: dong\nOld High German: tunga\nMiddle High German: tunge"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰḿ̥ǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰḿ̥ǵʰ-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "dañga",
"t": "rut, corner, piece of land that is surrounded by water or marshlands on three sides, bay"
},
"expansion": "Latvian dañga (“rut, corner, piece of land that is surrounded by water or marshlands on three sides, bay”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*dungz",
"t": "cellar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dungz (“cellar”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *dʰḿ̥ǵʰ-, metathesized from *dʰǵʰḿ̥-, from *dʰéǵʰ-ōm ~ *dʰǵʰ-més (“earth”). Possibly cognate with Latvian dañga (“rut, corner, piece of land that is surrounded by water or marshlands on three sides, bay”). Often citied as being related to Proto-Germanic *dungz (“cellar”), from *dʰengʰ- (“to cover, hide, conceal”), however this seems semantically doubtful.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dungō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dungō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dungôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dungǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dungōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dungōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dungō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dungō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"earth, dirt"
],
"links": [
[
"earth",
"earth"
],
[
"dirt",
"dirt"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dung, manure"
],
"links": [
[
"dung",
"dung"
],
[
"manure",
"manure"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "dungō"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dungō meaning in Proto-Germanic (3.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.