See drōbuz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*drōbī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *drōbī\nOld English: drōf, *drēfe\nMiddle English: drof, drove, dref\nEnglish: droff (dialectal)\n⇒ English: drub (noun)\nOld Frisian: *drōf, drēve\n⇒ Old Frisian: drōfhēd\nWest Frisian: drôfheid\nOld Saxon: drōbi\nMiddle Low German: drôve\nGerman Low German: drööv\nOld Dutch: *druovi\nMiddle Dutch: droeve\nDutch: droef\nAfrikaans: droef\nOld High German: truobi\nMiddle High German: truobe, trüebe\nGerman: trüb, trübe\n→ English: trub",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *drōbī\nOld English: drōf, *drēfe\nMiddle English: drof, drove, dref\nEnglish: droff (dialectal)\n⇒ English: drub (noun)\nOld Frisian: *drōf, drēve\n⇒ Old Frisian: drōfhēd\nWest Frisian: drôfheid\nOld Saxon: drōbi\nMiddle Low German: drôve\nGerman Low German: drööv\nOld Dutch: *druovi\nMiddle Dutch: droeve\nDutch: droef\nAfrikaans: droef\nOld High German: truobi\nMiddle High German: truobe, trüebe\nGerman: trüb, trübe\n→ English: trub"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "drov"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: drov",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: drov (dialectal)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A u-stem nominal related to *drabaz (“dregs”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbuz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-jatō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijanǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-jatō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijaizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbīniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbīniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbīni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbīni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbīnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbīnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drōbuz",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "drōbijaną"
}
],
"glosses": [
"turbid, disturbed, troubled"
],
"id": "en-drōbuz-gem-pro-adj-wD3glMam",
"links": [
[
"turbid",
"turbid"
],
[
"disturbed",
"disturbed"
],
[
"troubled",
"troubled"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdrɔː.βuz/"
}
],
"word": "drōbuz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "drōbijaną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*drōbī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *drōbī\nOld English: drōf, *drēfe\nMiddle English: drof, drove, dref\nEnglish: droff (dialectal)\n⇒ English: drub (noun)\nOld Frisian: *drōf, drēve\n⇒ Old Frisian: drōfhēd\nWest Frisian: drôfheid\nOld Saxon: drōbi\nMiddle Low German: drôve\nGerman Low German: drööv\nOld Dutch: *druovi\nMiddle Dutch: droeve\nDutch: droef\nAfrikaans: droef\nOld High German: truobi\nMiddle High German: truobe, trüebe\nGerman: trüb, trübe\n→ English: trub",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *drōbī\nOld English: drōf, *drēfe\nMiddle English: drof, drove, dref\nEnglish: droff (dialectal)\n⇒ English: drub (noun)\nOld Frisian: *drōf, drēve\n⇒ Old Frisian: drōfhēd\nWest Frisian: drôfheid\nOld Saxon: drōbi\nMiddle Low German: drôve\nGerman Low German: drööv\nOld Dutch: *druovi\nMiddle Dutch: droeve\nDutch: droef\nAfrikaans: droef\nOld High German: truobi\nMiddle High German: truobe, trüebe\nGerman: trüb, trübe\n→ English: trub"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "drov"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: drov",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: drov (dialectal)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A u-stem nominal related to *drabaz (“dregs”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbuz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-jatō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijanǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-jatō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijaizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbīniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbīniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbīni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbīni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbīnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbīnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbijammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drōbuz",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic u-stem adjectives"
],
"glosses": [
"turbid, disturbed, troubled"
],
"links": [
[
"turbid",
"turbid"
],
[
"disturbed",
"disturbed"
],
[
"troubled",
"troubled"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdrɔː.βuz/"
}
],
"word": "drōbuz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for drōbuz meaning in Proto-Germanic (8.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.