See diurijaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "diuriþō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "diurijalīkaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "diurijalingaz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*diurī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *diurī\nOld English: dīere, dīore — Northumbrian, dȳre, dēore\nMiddle English: dere, deere, deore\nEnglish: dear\nScots: dere, deir\nYola: dear\nOld Frisian: diore, diure\nSaterland Frisian: djuur\nWest Frisian: djoer\nOld Saxon: diuri\nMiddle Low German: dûre, dûr\nGerman Low German: düür\nOld Dutch: diuri\nMiddle Dutch: diere\nDutch: dier, duur\nLimburgish: deer, duur\nWest Flemish: diere\nOld High German: tiuri\nMiddle High German: tiure\nAlemannic German: tüür\nBavarian: teier\nGerman: teuer\nVilamovian: taojer\nYiddish: טײַער (tayer)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *diurī\nOld English: dīere, dīore — Northumbrian, dȳre, dēore\nMiddle English: dere, deere, deore\nEnglish: dear\nScots: dere, deir\nYola: dear\nOld Frisian: diore, diure\nSaterland Frisian: djuur\nWest Frisian: djoer\nOld Saxon: diuri\nMiddle Low German: dûre, dûr\nGerman Low German: düür\nOld Dutch: diuri\nMiddle Dutch: diere\nDutch: dier, duur\nLimburgish: deer, duur\nWest Flemish: diere\nOld High German: tiuri\nMiddle High German: tiure\nAlemannic German: tüür\nBavarian: teier\nGerman: teuer\nVilamovian: taojer\nYiddish: טײַער (tayer)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "dýrr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: dýrr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: dýrr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "dýr"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: dýr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: dýr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "dýrur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: dýrur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: dýrur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "dyr"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: dyr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: dyr"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "dyr"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: dyr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: dyr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "dyr",
"alt": "dȳr"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: dȳr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: dȳr"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "dyr"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: dyr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: dyr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "dyr"
},
"expansion": "Danish: dyr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: dyr"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*tiüris",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *tiüris",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *tiüris (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*tiwrē",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *tiwrē",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *tiwrē"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "divrras"
},
"expansion": "Northern Sami: divrras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Sami: divrras"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sma",
"2": "dovres"
},
"expansion": "Southern Sami: dovres",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Sami: dovres"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰegʷʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to burn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "dauern"
},
"expansion": "German dauern",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "douren"
},
"expansion": "Middle English douren",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "durus",
"3": "dūrus",
"4": "tough, hard"
},
"expansion": "Latin dūrus (“tough, hard”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown.\nOne suggested derivation is from Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn”), which assumes a semantic shift of “to heat up” > “warming” > “dear, cherished”. However, the semantic variation among descendants (see more at *diuriþō) may point to the original meaning having been “rare, scarce”. Alternatively, Guus Kroonen notes that this adjective is similar to Proto–West Germanic *dūrēn (“to grieve, regret, suffer”) (whence German dauern, Middle English douren), ultimately a loan from Latin dūrus (“tough, hard”), and may be a vṛddhi-gerundive thereof.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diuriją",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijanǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diuriją",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijaizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diuriiniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diuriiniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diuriini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diuriini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diuriinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diuriinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "diuri",
"j": "j"
},
"name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*diurijaz",
"10": "*diurijaimiz",
"11": "*diurijō",
"12": "*diurijǭ",
"13": "*diurijaizōz",
"14": "*diurijaizōi",
"15": "*diurijaizō",
"16": "*diurijôz",
"17": "*diurijōz",
"18": "*diurijaizǫ̂",
"19": "*diurijaimaz",
"2": "*diurijanǭ",
"20": "*diurijaimiz",
"21": "*diuriją, -atō",
"22": "*diuriją, -atō",
"23": "*diurijas, -is",
"24": "*diurijammai",
"25": "*diurijanō",
"26": "*diurijō",
"27": "*diurijō",
"28": "*diurijaizǫ̂",
"29": "*diurijaimaz",
"3": "*diurijas, -is",
"30": "*diurijaimiz",
"31": "*diurijô",
"32": "*diurijanų",
"33": "*diuriiniz",
"34": "*diuriini",
"35": "*diuriinē",
"36": "*diurijaniz",
"37": "*diurijanunz",
"38": "*diurijanǫ̂",
"39": "*diurijammaz",
"4": "*diurijammai",
"40": "*diurijammiz",
"41": "*diurijǭ",
"42": "*diurijōnų",
"43": "*diurijōniz",
"44": "*diurijōni",
"45": "*diurijōnē",
"46": "*diurijōniz",
"47": "*diurijōnunz",
"48": "*diurijōnǫ̂",
"49": "*diurijōmaz",
"5": "*diurijanō",
"50": "*diurijōmiz",
"51": "*diurijô",
"52": "*diurijô",
"53": "*diuriiniz",
"54": "*diuriini",
"55": "*diuriinē",
"56": "*diurijōnō",
"57": "*diurijōnō",
"58": "*diurijanǫ̂",
"59": "*diurijammaz",
"6": "*diurijai",
"60": "*diurijammiz",
"7": "*diurijanz",
"8": "*diurijaizǫ̂",
"9": "*diurijaimaz",
"title": "*diurijaz (ja-stem)"
},
"name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/diurijaz",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dear, precious"
],
"id": "en-diurijaz-gem-pro-adj--2OEtwVh",
"links": [
[
"dear",
"dear"
],
[
"precious",
"precious"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"expensive"
],
"id": "en-diurijaz-gem-pro-adj-88yldf9-",
"links": [
[
"expensive",
"expensive"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdiu̯.ri.jɑz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "diurijaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic ja-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "diuriþō"
},
{
"word": "diurijalīkaz"
},
{
"word": "diurijalingaz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*diurī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *diurī\nOld English: dīere, dīore — Northumbrian, dȳre, dēore\nMiddle English: dere, deere, deore\nEnglish: dear\nScots: dere, deir\nYola: dear\nOld Frisian: diore, diure\nSaterland Frisian: djuur\nWest Frisian: djoer\nOld Saxon: diuri\nMiddle Low German: dûre, dûr\nGerman Low German: düür\nOld Dutch: diuri\nMiddle Dutch: diere\nDutch: dier, duur\nLimburgish: deer, duur\nWest Flemish: diere\nOld High German: tiuri\nMiddle High German: tiure\nAlemannic German: tüür\nBavarian: teier\nGerman: teuer\nVilamovian: taojer\nYiddish: טײַער (tayer)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *diurī\nOld English: dīere, dīore — Northumbrian, dȳre, dēore\nMiddle English: dere, deere, deore\nEnglish: dear\nScots: dere, deir\nYola: dear\nOld Frisian: diore, diure\nSaterland Frisian: djuur\nWest Frisian: djoer\nOld Saxon: diuri\nMiddle Low German: dûre, dûr\nGerman Low German: düür\nOld Dutch: diuri\nMiddle Dutch: diere\nDutch: dier, duur\nLimburgish: deer, duur\nWest Flemish: diere\nOld High German: tiuri\nMiddle High German: tiure\nAlemannic German: tüür\nBavarian: teier\nGerman: teuer\nVilamovian: taojer\nYiddish: טײַער (tayer)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "dýrr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: dýrr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: dýrr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "dýr"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: dýr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: dýr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "dýrur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: dýrur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: dýrur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "dyr"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: dyr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: dyr"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "dyr"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: dyr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: dyr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "dyr",
"alt": "dȳr"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: dȳr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: dȳr"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "dyr"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: dyr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: dyr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "dyr"
},
"expansion": "Danish: dyr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: dyr"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*tiüris",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *tiüris",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *tiüris (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*tiwrē",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *tiwrē",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *tiwrē"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "divrras"
},
"expansion": "Northern Sami: divrras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Sami: divrras"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sma",
"2": "dovres"
},
"expansion": "Southern Sami: dovres",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Sami: dovres"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰegʷʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to burn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "dauern"
},
"expansion": "German dauern",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "douren"
},
"expansion": "Middle English douren",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "durus",
"3": "dūrus",
"4": "tough, hard"
},
"expansion": "Latin dūrus (“tough, hard”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown.\nOne suggested derivation is from Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn”), which assumes a semantic shift of “to heat up” > “warming” > “dear, cherished”. However, the semantic variation among descendants (see more at *diuriþō) may point to the original meaning having been “rare, scarce”. Alternatively, Guus Kroonen notes that this adjective is similar to Proto–West Germanic *dūrēn (“to grieve, regret, suffer”) (whence German dauern, Middle English douren), ultimately a loan from Latin dūrus (“tough, hard”), and may be a vṛddhi-gerundive thereof.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diuriją",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijanǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diuriją",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijaizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diuriiniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diuriiniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diuriini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diuriini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diuriinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diuriinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "diurijammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "diuri",
"j": "j"
},
"name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*diurijaz",
"10": "*diurijaimiz",
"11": "*diurijō",
"12": "*diurijǭ",
"13": "*diurijaizōz",
"14": "*diurijaizōi",
"15": "*diurijaizō",
"16": "*diurijôz",
"17": "*diurijōz",
"18": "*diurijaizǫ̂",
"19": "*diurijaimaz",
"2": "*diurijanǭ",
"20": "*diurijaimiz",
"21": "*diuriją, -atō",
"22": "*diuriją, -atō",
"23": "*diurijas, -is",
"24": "*diurijammai",
"25": "*diurijanō",
"26": "*diurijō",
"27": "*diurijō",
"28": "*diurijaizǫ̂",
"29": "*diurijaimaz",
"3": "*diurijas, -is",
"30": "*diurijaimiz",
"31": "*diurijô",
"32": "*diurijanų",
"33": "*diuriiniz",
"34": "*diuriini",
"35": "*diuriinē",
"36": "*diurijaniz",
"37": "*diurijanunz",
"38": "*diurijanǫ̂",
"39": "*diurijammaz",
"4": "*diurijammai",
"40": "*diurijammiz",
"41": "*diurijǭ",
"42": "*diurijōnų",
"43": "*diurijōniz",
"44": "*diurijōni",
"45": "*diurijōnē",
"46": "*diurijōniz",
"47": "*diurijōnunz",
"48": "*diurijōnǫ̂",
"49": "*diurijōmaz",
"5": "*diurijanō",
"50": "*diurijōmiz",
"51": "*diurijô",
"52": "*diurijô",
"53": "*diuriiniz",
"54": "*diuriini",
"55": "*diuriinē",
"56": "*diurijōnō",
"57": "*diurijōnō",
"58": "*diurijanǫ̂",
"59": "*diurijammaz",
"6": "*diurijai",
"60": "*diurijammiz",
"7": "*diurijanz",
"8": "*diurijaizǫ̂",
"9": "*diurijaimaz",
"title": "*diurijaz (ja-stem)"
},
"name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/diurijaz",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dear, precious"
],
"links": [
[
"dear",
"dear"
],
[
"precious",
"precious"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"expensive"
],
"links": [
[
"expensive",
"expensive"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdiu̯.ri.jɑz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "diurijaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for diurijaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (13.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.