See dūbǭ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for dūbǭ meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.0kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*dūbā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *dūbā\nOld English: *dūfe\nMiddle English: douve, dove, duve, dowve, dowe, doufe, douf\nEnglish: dove\nScots: doo, dow\nOld Frisian: *dūve, *dūe\nSaterland Frisian: Dúve\nWest Frisian: do\nOld Saxon: dūva\nMiddle Low German: dūve\nLow German:\nGerman Low German: Duuv\nDutch Low Saxon: duve, doeve\nPlautdietsch: Duw, Düw, Duuv, Düüv, Duuw, Düüw, Duv, Düv\n→ Estonian: tuvi\nOld Dutch: dūva\nMiddle Dutch: duve\nDutch: duif\nAfrikaans: duif\nNegerhollands: dufje, difi, diffie\n→ Sranan Tongo: doifi\nLimburgish: doef\nOld High German: tūba; (West Central German) dūva\nMiddle High German: tūbe, dūve\nBavarian: Taubm, Daum, Taubn\nAlemannic German: Tuub, Duub; Duube; Düüwe; Daup; Taub; Tuube; Tube; Tubo\nGerman: Taube\nCentral Franconian: Duuv, Dauv\nKirchröadsj: Doef\nLuxembourgish: Dauf\nRhine Franconian: daup, dǫup\nPennsylvania German: Daub\nSwabian: Taub, Daup\nVilamovian: tue, taoj\nYiddish: טויב (toyb)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *dūbā\nOld English: *dūfe\nMiddle English: douve, dove, duve, dowve, dowe, doufe, douf\nEnglish: dove\nScots: doo, dow\nOld Frisian: *dūve, *dūe\nSaterland Frisian: Dúve\nWest Frisian: do\nOld Saxon: dūva\nMiddle Low German: dūve\nLow German:\nGerman Low German: Duuv\nDutch Low Saxon: duve, doeve\nPlautdietsch: Duw, Düw, Duuv, Düüv, Duuw, Düüw, Duv, Düv\n→ Estonian: tuvi\nOld Dutch: dūva\nMiddle Dutch: duve\nDutch: duif\nAfrikaans: duif\nNegerhollands: dufje, difi, diffie\n→ Sranan Tongo: doifi\nLimburgish: doef\nOld High German: tūba; (West Central German) dūva\nMiddle High German: tūbe, dūve\nBavarian: Taubm, Daum, Taubn\nAlemannic German: Tuub, Duub; Duube; Düüwe; Daup; Taub; Tuube; Tube; Tubo\nGerman: Taube\nCentral Franconian: Duuv, Dauv\nKirchröadsj: Doef\nLuxembourgish: Dauf\nRhine Franconian: daup, dǫup\nPennsylvania German: Daub\nSwabian: Taub, Daup\nVilamovian: tue, taoj\nYiddish: טויב (toyb)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "dúfa"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: dúfa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: dúfa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "dúfa"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: dúfa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: dúfa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "dúgva",
"3": "dúva"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: dúgva, dúva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: dúgva, dúva"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "due"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: due",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: due"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "due"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: due",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: due"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "duva",
"alt": "dūva"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: dūva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: dūva"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "duva"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: duva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: duva"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "dufæ"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish: dufæ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Danish: dufæ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "due"
},
"expansion": "Danish: due",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: due"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-scy",
"2": "dâwwa"
},
"expansion": "Scanian: dâwwa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scanian: dâwwa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐌳𐌿𐌱𐍉"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐌳𐌿𐌱𐍉 (*dubō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐌳𐌿𐌱𐍉 (*dubō)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-",
"t": "to whisk; smoke; make obscure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“to whisk; smoke; make obscure”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*dūbaną",
"t": "to dive; to sink"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dūbaną (“to dive; to sink”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“to whisk; smoke; make obscure”). According to Kroonen, derived from Proto-Germanic *dūbaną (“to dive; to sink”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dūbǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūbōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūbǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūbōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūbōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūbōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūbōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūbōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūbōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūbōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūbōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūbōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dūbǭ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dove, pigeon"
],
"id": "en-dūbǭ-gem-pro-noun-Zhia6eju",
"links": [
[
"dove",
"dove"
],
[
"pigeon",
"pigeon"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈduː.βɔ̃ː/"
}
],
"word": "dūbǭ"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*dūbā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *dūbā\nOld English: *dūfe\nMiddle English: douve, dove, duve, dowve, dowe, doufe, douf\nEnglish: dove\nScots: doo, dow\nOld Frisian: *dūve, *dūe\nSaterland Frisian: Dúve\nWest Frisian: do\nOld Saxon: dūva\nMiddle Low German: dūve\nLow German:\nGerman Low German: Duuv\nDutch Low Saxon: duve, doeve\nPlautdietsch: Duw, Düw, Duuv, Düüv, Duuw, Düüw, Duv, Düv\n→ Estonian: tuvi\nOld Dutch: dūva\nMiddle Dutch: duve\nDutch: duif\nAfrikaans: duif\nNegerhollands: dufje, difi, diffie\n→ Sranan Tongo: doifi\nLimburgish: doef\nOld High German: tūba; (West Central German) dūva\nMiddle High German: tūbe, dūve\nBavarian: Taubm, Daum, Taubn\nAlemannic German: Tuub, Duub; Duube; Düüwe; Daup; Taub; Tuube; Tube; Tubo\nGerman: Taube\nCentral Franconian: Duuv, Dauv\nKirchröadsj: Doef\nLuxembourgish: Dauf\nRhine Franconian: daup, dǫup\nPennsylvania German: Daub\nSwabian: Taub, Daup\nVilamovian: tue, taoj\nYiddish: טויב (toyb)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *dūbā\nOld English: *dūfe\nMiddle English: douve, dove, duve, dowve, dowe, doufe, douf\nEnglish: dove\nScots: doo, dow\nOld Frisian: *dūve, *dūe\nSaterland Frisian: Dúve\nWest Frisian: do\nOld Saxon: dūva\nMiddle Low German: dūve\nLow German:\nGerman Low German: Duuv\nDutch Low Saxon: duve, doeve\nPlautdietsch: Duw, Düw, Duuv, Düüv, Duuw, Düüw, Duv, Düv\n→ Estonian: tuvi\nOld Dutch: dūva\nMiddle Dutch: duve\nDutch: duif\nAfrikaans: duif\nNegerhollands: dufje, difi, diffie\n→ Sranan Tongo: doifi\nLimburgish: doef\nOld High German: tūba; (West Central German) dūva\nMiddle High German: tūbe, dūve\nBavarian: Taubm, Daum, Taubn\nAlemannic German: Tuub, Duub; Duube; Düüwe; Daup; Taub; Tuube; Tube; Tubo\nGerman: Taube\nCentral Franconian: Duuv, Dauv\nKirchröadsj: Doef\nLuxembourgish: Dauf\nRhine Franconian: daup, dǫup\nPennsylvania German: Daub\nSwabian: Taub, Daup\nVilamovian: tue, taoj\nYiddish: טויב (toyb)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "dúfa"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: dúfa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: dúfa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "dúfa"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: dúfa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: dúfa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "dúgva",
"3": "dúva"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: dúgva, dúva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: dúgva, dúva"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "due"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: due",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: due"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "due"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: due",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: due"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "duva",
"alt": "dūva"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: dūva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: dūva"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "duva"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: duva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: duva"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "dufæ"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish: dufæ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Danish: dufæ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "due"
},
"expansion": "Danish: due",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: due"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-scy",
"2": "dâwwa"
},
"expansion": "Scanian: dâwwa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scanian: dâwwa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐌳𐌿𐌱𐍉"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐌳𐌿𐌱𐍉 (*dubō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐌳𐌿𐌱𐍉 (*dubō)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-",
"t": "to whisk; smoke; make obscure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“to whisk; smoke; make obscure”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*dūbaną",
"t": "to dive; to sink"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dūbaną (“to dive; to sink”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“to whisk; smoke; make obscure”). According to Kroonen, derived from Proto-Germanic *dūbaną (“to dive; to sink”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dūbǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūbōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūbǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūbōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūbōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūbōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūbōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūbōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūbōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūbōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūbōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūbōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dūbǭ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Proto-Germanic ōn-stem nouns",
"gem-pro:Birds"
],
"glosses": [
"dove, pigeon"
],
"links": [
[
"dove",
"dove"
],
[
"pigeon",
"pigeon"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈduː.βɔ̃ː/"
}
],
"word": "dūbǭ"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (91e95e7 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.